The Validity of Rector�s Circular Letter on the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fradhana Putra Disantara
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the �health emergency� status to the existing legal theory and condition as well as to identify the validity of the Circular Letter of the Rector of State Universities. To this end, this study applied the statute and conceptual approach. The study was conducted by inventorying primary and secondary legal materials to obtain a proper and critical review of the legal issues under study. The results showed that the determination of the �health emergency� status by the government was inappropriate due to the uncertainty of the regulations issued by the government to determine the current condition. Thus, the status of the COVID-19 pandemic is a �legal emergency� status. Further, the Rector�s policy through the Circular Letter is valid judicially, sociologically, and philosophically. The determination of the �legal emergency� status can be done by issuing a Perppu without a �state of emergency� from the President. Finally, it is suggested to firstly get an approval from the Ministry of Education and Culture regarding the issuance of the Rector�s Circular Letter. Besides, further study is needed as this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.�Keabsahan Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pandemi Covid-19Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa relevansi status �darurat kesehatan� dengan teori hukum dan kondisi yang ada dan keabsahan atas Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi Negeri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statute approach dan conseptual approach. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menginventarisasi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, guna mendapatkan kajian yang seyogianya dan telaah kritis terkait isu hukum. Hasil penelitian menyatakan penetapan status darurat kesehatan oleh pemerintah kurang tepat, dikarenakan tidak menentu-nya peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk menetapkan kondisi saat ini. Sehingga, status pandemi COVID-19 merupakan status darurat hukum. Kebijakan rektor melalui Surat Edaran adalah absah secara aspek yuridis, sosiologis, dan filosofis. Penetapan darurat hukum cukup dilakukan dengan menerbitkan Perppu tanpa pernyataan darurat dari Presiden. Saran peneliti adalah di perlukan persetujuan pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan terkait terbitnya Surat Edaran Rektor, dan dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dikarenakan penelitian ini dilakukan pada masa COVID-19 yang bersifat temporal.�

scholarly journals Problematik Kepastian Hukum Darurat Kesehatan Masyarakat Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hananto Widodo ◽  
Fradhana Putra Disantara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

This research is normative research. The purpose of this research is to examine the emergency constitutional law related to the concept of health emergencies as referred to in Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine; and provide comprehensive analysis and formulation related to future emergency law arrangements. The research method used in this research is a statute approach and a conceptual approach; by using primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study are the legal implications related to the determination of the health emergency status based on Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020 has created legal uncertainty, because the government has actually issued Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 first; is not a Government Regulation on procedures for determining and revoking the status of determining health emergencies. On the other hand, the determination of public health emergencies is not synergistic with its implementation. Furthermore, an ideal arrangement is needed in the future related to public health emergencies in order to achieve legal certainty in public health emergencies. For this reason, a harmonization of the state of danger law is needed or the establishment of a danger state law such as the omnibus bill

scholarly journals Determinants and Status of Vaccination in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Afzal ◽  
Begum Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

The identification of the characteristics that have an influence on the vaccination coverage of children and the determination of the pattern of such influence are very important since the government can reschedule the policy to immunize each and every child. This paper examines the factors that manipulate the vaccination coverage in terms of five major vaccines using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)-2007 data. The results strongly suggest that mother’s education and economic status play a vital role significantly in improving the vaccination coverage. Besides, Khulna and Rajshahi have higher whereas Sylhet and Chittagong have lower immunization coverage than Dhaka. In addition, mother’s exposure to media (newspaper, TV or radio) also improves the status of coverage both in the rural and urban areas in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10336  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 47-51 2012 (January) 

scholarly journals Biopolitics and legal issues of emergency situations in the context of coronavirus pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 14013
Author(s):  
Vladislav Denisenko ◽  
Elena Trikoz
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Current Stage

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of biopolitical issues at the present time. The modern social state and the developing biolaw regulate a lot of private and public legal relations, especially the sensitive sphere of somatic and reproductive human rights, and the biological status of citizens. The most important aspect of national legal regulation, such as the ratio of law and morality, international bio-standards, is being updated, and the status of bioethics and biolaw is being raised. The development of modern genetic engineering and biotechnologies raises the question of the legal boundaries of biopolitics. It has been found that national governments often expand biopolitical impact in situations of emergency and new biohazards, in particular, the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is prepared using doctrinal-legal and comparative-synchronous analysis of legal measures applied by different countries in the field of biopolitics. The research is based on extensive scientific and regulatory material. As a result, it was concluded that at the current stage of countering the pandemic, many countries restrict the biological rights of citizens and activate genetic technologies. The Russian and foreign experience of biopolitics in the state of emergency wasstudied.

scholarly journals Z dziejów administracji państwa stanu wyjątkowego. Ustrój administracji publicznej na terenach byłego zaboru austriackiego u progu II Rzeczypospolitej

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kostrubiec
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Governing Committee ◽  
Duality Principle ◽  
National Council ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
General Government ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The history of public administration in the state of emergency: the system of public administration in the territories of the former Austrian partition on the threshold of the Second Republic of PolandIn the reborn Poland, in the territories of the three former partitions, the creation of Polish centres of administrative power and its structures took place in a different political and legal environment. The main purpose of this article is to present the specificity of the process of creating public administration structures and determining its organizational model in the territories of the former Austrian partition in the context of the reconstruction of the Polish country. The article focuses on the status and rules of organization of public administration introduced by the Polish Liquidation Committee, Interim Governing Committee of Eastern Galicia, the Governing Committee, the General Government Delegate of Galicia and the National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn. The main thesis of the author of the article is the statement that at the time of creating public administration structures in the territories of the former Austrian partition, the duality principle of the government and self-government administration was no longer in use, transferring the responsibility of administering to the monocratic administration authorities.

scholarly journals KEWENANGAN PT. PELINDO IV TARAKAN TERHADAP HAK ATAS TANAH DAERAH LINGKUNGAN KERJA PELABUHAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endy Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Home Affair ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Port Areas

Abstract The title of the research is to " LAW REVIEW THE LAND ENVIRONMENT WORKING OF PORT AREAS (DLKr) PT. PELINDO IV OF TARAKAN. The purpose of this research is to analyze the authority of PT PELINDO IV Tarakan as holders of land rights in the form of Rights Management (HPL) the land environment working of port areas. In addition, the study also to analyze the land of rights can be given to the people on ) the land environment working of port areas or coastal region. This Research to use normative legal method to study with the type of normative juridical. As for the approach used in this study is the statute approach and conceptual approach. Sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal material. Legal materials collection techniques used this study to collect and analyze the Regulation in relating to the legal issues raised, as well as collecting the conceptual framework and legal theory to be the basis of analyzing the legal issues studied. PT. PELINDO IV of Tarakan has the authority to the land environment working of port areas with Right to used (HPL) contained in the Joint Decree of the Minister of Home Affair and Minister of Transportation Number 31 of 1992 K.M Number 9 of 1992 concerning frontier Work Environment Ports. In the fourth dictum of the Joint Decree of the Minister of Home Affair and Minister of Transportation, PT. PELINDO IV of Tarakan required to complete the land registration process in the Land Office in accordance with applicable regulations. Until now PT. Pelindo IV Tarakan not enroll all of the land which they are entitled and limitations affect the authority of PT. Pelindo IV Tarakan on the overall the land environment working of port areas. Keynote : Land Law, HPL, Law Review

scholarly journals Koalisi Partai Politik di Kabinet: Antara Penguatan Lembaga Kepresidenan atau Politik Balas Budi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusrizal Adi Syaputra
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The political party's position as a determinant of government head nomination in Indonesia made the political party a central and strong role in the determination of the Cabinet in the presidential government of Indonesia and allowed the political party to determine the Cabinet domination established by the President elected. This research aims to determine the model of the presidential institution strengthening in the multi-party era in Indonesia and to know the political and juridical construction of the presidential institution in determining the cabinet in Indonesia. The method used is a normative legal research method with a conceptual approach. The results of this research are, firstly that the strengthening of the presidential institution in the multi-party era can occur when done with the restriction of political parties through the mechanism of the parliamentary threshold. Secondly, that the political construction of the cabinet determination by the President is based on the coalition of political party supporters of the government, and the juridical construction of the President may elect the Minister of the party proposal because it is based on article 6A paragraph (2) The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945. Kedudukan partai politik sebagai penentu pencalonan kepala pemerintahan di Indonesia menjadikan Partai Politik memiliki peran sentral dan kuat dalam penentuan kabinet di Pemerintahan Presidentiil Indonesia dan memungkinkan partai politik untuk menentukan dominasi kabinet yang dibentuk oleh Presiden terpilih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model penguatan lembaga kepresidenan pada era multi partai di Indonesia, dan untuk mengetahui konstruksi politis dan yuridis lembaga kepresidenan dalam menentukan kabinet di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pertama, penguatan lembaga kepresidenan di era multi partai dapat terjadi apabila dilakukan dengan pembatasan partai politik melalui mekanisme parlementary threshold. Kedua, bahwa konstruksi politis penentuan kabinet oleh presiden didasarkan atas koalisi partai politik pendukung pemerintahan, dan konstruksi yuridis presiden dapat memilih menteri dari usulan partai karena didasarkan pada Pasal 6A ayat (2) UUD 1945.

Research Facilities in Tunisia

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Michelle Raccagni
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Research in the social sciences in Tunisia is stronger than it is in most Arab countries and compares favorably with Lebanon and Egypt. The several reasons for this position include an increasingly favorable attitude by the government toward the benefits of research, strong leadership within the Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (CERES), the long financial support of the Ministry of Education and the Ford Foundation, and the large number of higher degree holders who are motivated for research. CERES, a section of the University of Tunis, is the focus of the social science research with a full and part-time staff of more than sixty professionals. While most of the staff have been trained in France, several have taken higher degrees in North America. Because of the rapid increase in the number of foreign researchers in the past few years, it will only be a matter of time before an incident occurs and the government places conditions or restrictions on all research activities. A serious incident has so far been avoided in large part because of the close communication that most foreigners have maintained with their Tunisian colleagues.. The single most important thing that can be done to maintain the present research climate, in addition to the usual courtesies, is the distribution of both preliminary and final reports of research for comment and publication. Distribution should include the relevant ministries plus those individuals who personally aided the work. The editors of the Revue des Sciences Sociales Tunisiennes, the periodical of CERES, are interested in publishing articles in either French or English, as well as short pieces on the status of research.

scholarly journals Praperadilan Terhadap Penetapan Status Tersangka Tindak Pidana Korupsi oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-103
Author(s):  
Claudia Permata Dinda ◽  
Usman Usman ◽  
Tri Imam Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

ABSTRAK Praperadilan yang diatur dalam KUHAP menjamin perlindungan HAM dan aparat penegak hukum dalam menjalankan tugas dan kewenangannya secara konsekwen. Lembaga praperadilan telah menciptakan mekanisme kontrol sebagai lembaga yang berwenang melakukan pengawasan terhadap kinerja aparat penegak hukum dalam menjalankan tugasnya guna tercipta proses peradilan pidana yang baik. Terkait dengan penegakan hukum dan pemberantasan korupsi, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi merupakan lembaga yang diamanatkan oleh undang-undang dengan wewenangnya untuk menetapkan status tersangka guna proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat dari perluasan objek praperadilan atas penetapan status tersangka terhadap KUHAP dan mengetahui akibat dari perluasan objek praperadilan terhadap penetapan status tersangka tindak pidana korupsi oleh KPK. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Sebelumnya, sah atau tidaknya penetapan status tersangka oleh KPK bukan merupakan objek praperadilan, namun melalui Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 praperadilan telah berwenang memeriksa sah atau tidaknya penetapan status tersangka. Hal ini menjadi sebuah pembaharuan dalam Hukum Acara Pidana di Indonesia. ABSTRACT Pretrial regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code guarantees the protection of human rights and law enforcement officers in carrying out their duties and authorities consistently. The pretrial institution has created a control mechanism as an institution authorized to supervise the performance of law enforcement officers in carrying out their duties in order to create a good criminal justice process.This study aims to determine the effects of the expansion of pretrial objects over the determination of the status of suspects against the Criminal Procedure Code and to determine the consequences of expanding pretrial objects to determine the status of suspected criminal acts of corruption by the KPK. The research method used in writing this thesis is a normative juridical research method through the conceptual approach, the statutory approach and the case approach. Previously, the KPK was not a pretrial object or not, but through the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 the pretrial had the authority to examine whether or not the status of the suspect was determined. This has become a renewal in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code.

scholarly journals The Concept of Deradicalization in an Effort to Prevent Terrorism in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sumarwoto Sumarwoto ◽  
Mahmutarom HR ◽  
Ahmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Concrete Action ◽  
The Government

Radicalism is a paradigm to make a fundamental change in accordance with the understanding of the ideology adopted and believed. In general, the government and the society believe that terrorism is a phenomenon that cannot be easily eliminated. Deradicalization program essentially comes from the assumption that radicalism is the �root� of terrorism. Therefore, a concrete action as an effort to fight against terrorism will be (more) effective through deradicalization. The essence of deradicalization is to change the understanding (re-interpretation) of the paradigm that is considered wrong and �misleading�. The prevention of terrorism through the concept of deradicalization is a proactive action and requires caution because Indonesian society is plural and vulnerable to pluralism against social conflict. Thus, its application must be equipped by knowledge and understanding of �the development and patterns of terrorism and must be guided by the applicable legislations. This descriptive-analytic study applied statute approach, conceptual approach, historical approach and philosophical approach to investigate the legal issues under study. The collected data were analyzed by using qualitative juridical analysis method and the results are then presented thoroughly, systematically and in a integrated way in order to obtain clarity of the problem. The results showed that radicalism is an extreme idea to make a fundamental change based on subjective and exclusive ideological interpretations. Meanwhile, deradicalization is a pattern of handling terrorism which is essentially a process of reinterpretation of �deviated� beliefs or paradigms through efforts to reassure radical groups not to use violence (terror) as well as to create a sterile environment from radical movements which are �the root� of the growth of terrorism in Indonesia.�Konsep Deradikalisasi dalam upaya Pencegahan Aksi Terorisme di Indonesia�Radikalisme merupakan paradigma untuk melakukan suatu perubahan fundamental sesuai dengan pemahaman ideologi yang dianut dan diyakini . Pemerintah dan masyarakat pada umumnya meyakini bahwa (aksi) terorisme merupakan fenomena yang tidak mudah dihilangkan begitu saja. Program deradikalisasi hakikatnya berangkat dari asumsi bahwa radikalisme merupakan �akar� dari aksi-aksi terorisme. Oleh karenanya, bentu konkrit sebagai upaya memerangi terorisme akan (lebih) efektif melalui deradikalisasi. Esensinya adalah merubah pemahaman (re �interpretasi) atas paradigma yang dianggap keliru dan sesat �menyesatkan�. �Pencegahan terorisme dengan konsep deradikalisasi adalah tindakan proaktif serta membutuhkan kehati-hatian karena masyarakat Indonesia yang plural dan rentan kemajemukan terhadap konflik sosial. Upaya pemecahan masalah dalam deradikalisasi antara lain harus mengetahui dan memahami perkembangan dan pola tindak pidana terorisme sebagai bentuk penanggulangan� terorisme serta harus berpedoman pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan metode pendekatan yang digunakan yang digunakan untuk menjawab isu hukum dalam kajian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan historis serta pendekatan filosofis. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis yuridis kualitatif, kemudian menyusun� secara menyeluruh, sistematis dan terintegrasi demi memperoleh kejelasan masalah. �Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa radikalisme merupakan gagasan ekstrim yaitu melakukan suatu perubahan secara fundamental menurut interpretasi ideologi secara subjektif dan eksklusif. Deradikalisasi merupakan pola penanganan terorisme yang hakekatnya merupakan proses re-interpretasi atas keyakinan atau paradigma �menyimpang� melalui upaya meyakinkan (kembali) terhadap kelompok-kelompok radikal untuk tidak menggunakan dan meninggalkan kekerasan (teror) , serta menciptakan lingkungan yang steril dari gerakan radikal yang merupakan akar penyebab tumbuhnya gerakan radikal (terorisme) di Indonesia.

The Status of Croatia under International Law

1941 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Piero Sereni
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Committee ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Supreme Commander

On April 7, 1941, while the Axis Powers were invading Yugoslavia, Ante Pavelik, the well-known Croat terrorist, broadcast from Italy an appeal to the Croats to secede from the Serbs and to support Germany and Italy. Three days later, when the German troops entered Zagreb, Sladko Kvaternik, another Croat leader, proclaimed there an independent Croat state, and on April 12, a national committee declared Pavelik, who was still abroad, head of the new state. The following day he entered Zagreb, and two days afterwards he took effective power, receiving the title of Poglavnik, the Croat equivalent of Führer or Duce. Immediately upon his telegraphic request of April 15, Germany and Italy granted recognition of Croatia, subject to their joint determination of the new state boundaries. Pavelik at once dissolved the old political parties and on April 17 formed the first Croat government, in which he became president of the council of ministers and minister of foreign affairs; Kvaternik, his substitute and supreme commander of the armed forces; and a Dr. Kulenovich, vice-president of the council. An upper council of the Croat state was designated to function with the government.

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