scholarly journals Optimization of Fruit Garbage Enzymes Requirements for Biocatalytic Remediation of Used Motor Oil-Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
Indo Sabo Bulai ◽  
Haruna Haruna ◽  
Yuguda Abubakar Umar ◽  
Ahmed Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Used Motor Oil

Objectives : In this research work, we investigated the biocatalytic potency of orange and watermelon garbage enzymes in the remediation of used motor oil-contaminated soils. The optimization of the biocatalytic remediation process was evaluated through D-optimal of response surface methodology (RSM) design of design expert.Methods : The optimization of the biocatalytic process was evaluated with D-optimal model of response surface methodology (RSM) design, where input variables in the system were garbage enzymes solutions of orange and watermelon peels (biocatalysts) and two different pollution levels. The two levels of pollution factor considered were 5 and 10 % (w/w) oil pollution levels and used as independent variables; while the response of the system was in oil and grease (O&G) removal as dependent variables that were monitored under 6-week remediation process.Results and Discussion : The result indicated that the model was highly significant and good predictors of the response fate of oil and grease (O&G) removal by the orange and watermelon garbage enzymes, as indicated by their coefficients of determination: R2 = 0.90627 and R2 = 0.88365 at p < 0.05, respectively. Therefore, it was observed from the numerical optimization carried out that 54.2 and 53.8 % O&G removal was achieved with orange garbage enzymes at 5 and 10 % pollution level respectively after six weeks. On the other hand, 54.7 and 55.2 % O&G removal was accomplished with the same pollution level respectively under the influence of watermelon garbage enzymes after six weeks of the remediation process.Conclusion : In response to what was achieved in this research work, the enzymes produced from the orange and watermelon garbage removed oil in terms of O&G from used motor oil-contaminated soils biocatalytically and hence could be applied in the remediation of oil contaminated soils.

Optimization of melon oil methyl ester production using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Aliozo ◽  
L. N. Emembolu ◽  
O. D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Central Composite Designs ◽  
American Society

Abstract In this research work, melon oil was used as feedstock for methyl ester production. The research was aimed at optimizing the reaction conditions for methyl ester yield from the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, four variable central composite designs (CCD)was used to optimize and statistically analyze the interaction effect of the process parameter during the biodiesel production processes. A total of 30 experiments were conducted to study the effect of methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time. The optimal yield of biodiesel from melon oil was found to be 94.9% under the following reaction conditions: catalyst weight - 0.8%, methanol to oil molar ratio - 6:1, temperature - 55°C and reaction time of 60mins. The quality of methyl ester produced at these conditions was within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) specification.

scholarly journals Optimization of Oil Removal by Sugarcane Bagasse using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Asilah Ahmad Samsuir ◽  
Norhisyam Ismail ◽  
Rozidaini Mohd Ghazi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Oil Wastewater

Oily wastewater is one of the environmental concerns nowadays. The seriousness of oil pollution problem comes in sync with the expansion of oil exploration and production activities, as well as industrial growth around the world. In this study, the ability of sugarcane bagasse in removing oil in synthetic oil wastewater was investigated. Parameters affecting oil removal such as concentrations of synthetic oil wastewater, biosorbent dosage and contact time were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via Box Behnken Design. Sugarcane bagasse showed excellent efficiency in removing oil with percentage removal up to 98.73% at 1.3 h contact time with 3.06 g of biosorbent dosage and 16.9% of synthetic oil wastewater concentration. The use of sugarcane bagasse in removing oil in water was successfully prove in this study.

Role of Aminated derivatives of Natural Gum in Release Modulating Matrix Systems of Losartan Potassium: Optimization of Formulation using Box-Behnken Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Shankar B. Kalbhare ◽  
Vivek Kumar Redasani ◽  
Mandar J. Bhandwalkar ◽  
Rohit K. Pawar ◽  
Avinash M. Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Losartan Potassium ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Fenugreek Gum

The aim of the present research work was to systemically device a model of factors that would yield an optimized release modulating dosage form of an anti-hypertensive agent, losartan potassium, using response surface methodology by employing a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken statistical design. Independent variables studied were the amount of the release retardant polymers – aminated fenugreek gum (X1), aminated tamarind gum (X2) and aminated xanthan gum (X3). The dependent variables were the burst release in 15 min (Y1), cumulative percentage release of drug after 60 min (Y2) and hardness (Y3) of the tablets with constraints on the Y2 = 31–35%. Statistical validity of the polynomials was established. In vitro release and swelling studies were carried out for the optimized formulation and the data were fitted to kinetic equations. The polynomial mathematical relationship obtained Y2=32.91-2.29X1-5.68X2-0.97X3+0.20X1X3-0.005X2X3-0.92X12-1.89X22 explained the main and quadratic effects, and the interactions of factors influencing the drug release from matrix tablets. The adjusted (0.9842) and predicted values (0.9600) of r2 for Y2 were in close agreement. Validation of the optimization study indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. The Box-Behnken experimental design facilitated the formulation and optimization of release modulating matrix systems of losartan potassium.

scholarly journals Effect of Used Motor Oil and Bitumen as Additive on the Permeability and Mechanical Properties of Low Plastic Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kamran Iqbal ◽  
Chengshun Xu ◽  
Hassan Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Alam ◽  
Asim Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Used Motor Oil

Stability of permeable soils near large-scale water reservoirs for paved and unpaved road pavements is all too frequently compromised due to excessive seepage and the climatic conditions of that area. In this research, a multilevel research approach was adopted by conducting a comparative study of the microspectroscopy through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra to investigate the maximum absorbance correlation along with mechanical investigations (such as the compressive strength, modified proctor test, California bearing ratio test, and swell percentage test). The native low plastic soil sample (CL) was blended with varying percentages of petroleum additives (bitumen and used motor oil) independently at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%. A comparison of results in the case of bitumen and used motor oil revealed that a decrease in Atterberg’s limits occurred accompanied by an increase of bitumen blending percentage, while used motor oil (UMO) increased the plastic limit. Maximum dry density (MDD) increases while optimum moisture content (OMC) decreases with the increase in bitumen. Used motor oil (UMO) initially (up to 4%) increased the MDD and subsequently decreased it. Investigative reports show that bitumen causes a decrease in swell percentage and increases California bearing ratio (CBR), whereas UMO causes a continuous increase in percentage swell and decrease in CBR. The addition of bitumen in soil resulted in a decrease in the coefficient of permeability (k), while UMO has a significant result of up to 4%. Regarding the control sample, spectrum analysis through FTIR effectively supports the laboratory results as the intensity of peaks increases with the oil, and bitumen concentration reveals that oil and bitumen impart cementitious property to the soil. Moreover, this research work by experiment supported and strengthened the idea of soil pavement stabilization through bitumen, which gives antiwater stability, and facilitates low-cost construction by obtaining raw material on the spot. UMO adversely affects soil properties beyond 4% addition by weight.

Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ahid Rashid ◽  
Nuzhat Huma ◽  
Tahir Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad Asgher
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Cheese Production

The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60–90 °C), pH (3–7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0–6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. The research work was carried out in two phases. In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN was recorded for all cheese samples.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimization of Mechanical Properties on Sisal-Glass Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using Response Surface Methodology and LINGO Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Ragunath ◽  
A. N. Shankar ◽  
K. Meena ◽  
B. Guruprasad ◽  
S. Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

The aim of this research work was to develop the optimal mechanical properties, namely, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of sisal and glass fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composites. The sisal, in the form of short fiber, is randomly used as reinforcements for composite materials, which is rich in cellulose, economical, and easily available as well as glass fibers have low cost and have good mechanical properties. In addition, epoxy resin and hardener were for the fabrication of composites by compression molding. The selected materials are fabricated by compression molding in various concentrations on volume basics. The combination of material compositions is obtained from the design of experiments and optimum parameters determined by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). From the investigation of mechanical properties, the sisal is the most significant factor and verified by ANOVA techniques. The multiobjective optimal levels of factors are obtained by LINGO analysis.

scholarly journals EFFECT POLYPROPYLENE OF FIBER ON DRYING SHRINKAGE CRACKING OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Mundher A. Abdulridha ◽  
◽  
Mohamed M. Salman ◽  
Qais S. Banyhussan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Concrete Mixtures

In concrete when tensile stress surpasses the strength of the traction contributes to cracking, which is called shrinkage cracking. Shrinking allows for curling and folding of concrete. The principal goal of this research work is to develop optimal Eco-friendly concrete mixtures by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), including different quantities of polypropylene fiber used in concrete pavement, identify the shrinkage factor (shrinkage cracking) in the concrete pavement. The testing program included using of thirty mixtures to investigate four parameters namely cement content (300,400 and 500) kg / m3, steel fiber (0, 0.075, and 0.15 vol. %), three separate amounts of polypropylene fiber (0, 0.35, and 0.7 vol. %), and (0, 5, and 10 %) silica fume by cement weight. The results indicated that the amount of cement is the higher factors affecting the shrinkage cracking of concrete. For the purpose of obtaining the best mixture for optimal components to design concrete mixtures used in the concrete pavement that give the compressive strength [> 30 MPa], flexural strength [> 4.1 MPa], minimum CO2 emissions, less cost, and fewer cracks width according to requirements and Iraqi specifications are cement [385.94] kg/m3, silica fume [0.000198Vol.%], steel fiber [0.0564 Vol.%], PP fibers [0.2926 Vol.%], Carbon dioxide emissions [379.59] kg CO2 -e / m3, total cost 99.96 USD / m3, and crack width [0.1]mm.

scholarly journals Investigation on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Surface Characteristics Using Nano Grinding Wheel by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Artificial Neural Networking (ANN)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Serenade Stephen ◽  
Sethuramalingam Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Roughness Prediction ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract In this research work, surface characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been investigated and the grinding process has been optimized using nano grinding wheel. Experiments have been conducted using L27 full factorial design. Surface roughness prediction model in nano grinding wheel for Ti alloy was developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and compared with the model using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methodology to predict the experimental behavior of the system. Grinding wheels with and without 3% nano Al2O3 powders were fabricated and their surface characteristics like surface roughness, material removal rate (MRR) and temperature were measured. Grinding was carried out on grade 5 Ti alloy with different wheels by varying input parameters. On comparing experimental and predicted results, it was found that the empirical values of surface roughness were close to the predicted values by 5%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document