scholarly journals A Reserve Planning Method of Transformer Group based on Markov Reliability Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Hongliang Liu ◽  
Zhiyong Chen ◽  
Huan Li
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Operation Rate ◽  
Transformer Fault ◽  
The Impact

In view of the current situation that the load difference is not considered in the existing research on public standby transformer, the reliability Markov model and public standby planning model of distribution transformer unit based on public standby mode are proposed. When the transformer fails, the standby transformer is preferred to replace the faulty transformer. The power failure time of the user is shortened from the transformer maintenance time to the standby installation and operation time. The state transition rate is the installation and operation rate of the standby transformer, and the replaced faulty transformer is converted to the standby transformer in the unavailable state. This paper applies the scheme decision analysis method to the field of engineering control, and applies the combination of the compound matter element analysis and the subjective and objective weight to the quantitative calculation of correlation entropy. This method solves the current situation that transformer faults are difficult to measure and calculate quantitatively, and it can accurately predict the healthy development trend of transformers, which has a good guiding value for the use and maintenance of transformers. At the same time, the public standby measures of distribution transformer can better solve the problem of long transformer fault repair time with a small amount of capital investment, effectively shorten the recovery time of fault outage and reduce the impact of transformer fault. The standby measures of distribution transformer have an obvious impact on the reliability of distribution system.

scholarly journals Low-cost and Efficient Fault Detection and Protection System for Distribution Transformer

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Buhari Ugbede Umar ◽  
James Garba Ambafi ◽  
Olayemi Mikail Olaniyi ◽  
James Agajo ◽  
Omeiza Rabiu Isah
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Transformer Maintenance ◽  
Transformer Fault

Distribution transformers are a vital component of electrical power transmission and distribution system. Frequent Monitoring transformers faults before it occurs can help prevent transformer faults which are expensive to repair and result in a loss of energy and services. The present method of the routine manual check of transformer parameters by the electricity board has proven to be less effective. This research aims to develop a low-cost protection system for the distribution transformer making it safer with improved reliability of service to the users. Therefore, this research work investigated transformer fault types and developed a microcontroller-based system for transformer fault detection and protection system using GSM (the Global System of Mobile Communication) technology for fault reporting. The developed prototype system was tested using voltage, current and temperature, which gave a threshold voltage higher than 220 volts to be overvoltage, a load higher than 200 watts to be overload and temperature greater than 39 degrees Celsius to be over temperature was measured. From the results, there was timely detection of transformer faults of the system, the transformer protection circuits were fully functional, and fault reporting was achieved using the GSM device. Overall, 99% accuracy was achieved. The system can thus be recommended for use by the Electricity Distribution Companies to protect distribution transformers for optimal performance, as the developed system makes the transformers more robust, and intelligent. Hence, a real-time distribution transformer fault monitoring and prevention system is achieved and the cost of transformer maintenance is reduced to an extent.

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

The Impact of the Depreciation Changes on Capital Investment

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-193
Author(s):  
Yangsik Lee ◽  
Jongchan Park
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
The Impact

Impact of Particulate Matter on Distribution System Disinfection Efficacy

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Wojcicka ◽  
Carole Baxter ◽  
Ron Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Soil Corrosion ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Microorganisms have been shown to survive drinking water disinfection and remain viable in disinfected waters despite the presence of disinfectant residuals. This may be partially attributed to protection by particulate matter. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the presence of particulate matter on disinfection kinetics. Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 10829 and Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 were used in inactivation experiments in the presence and absence of soil, corrosion, and wastewater particles. The results showed that the presence of such particles tended to inhibit chlorine and monochloramine inactivation, although the magnitude of the impact under the conditions tested was small (e.g., 1-log reduction in inactivation for several minutes of contact time in the presence of less than 1 mg/L of disinfectant).

scholarly journals Network Attack Path Selection and Evaluation Based on Q-Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Runze Wu ◽  
Jinxin Gong ◽  
Weiyue Tong ◽  
Bing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Attack Model ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Attack Path ◽  
The Impact

As the coupling relationship between information systems and physical power grids is getting closer, various types of cyber attacks have increased the operational risks of a power cyber-physical System (CPS). In order to effectively evaluate this risk, this paper proposed a method of cross-domain propagation analysis of a power CPS risk based on reinforcement learning. First, the Fuzzy Petri Net (FPN) was used to establish an attack model, and Q-Learning was improved through FPN. The attack gain was defined from the attacker’s point of view to obtain the best attack path. On this basis, a quantitative indicator of information-physical cross-domain spreading risk was put forward to analyze the impact of cyber attacks on the real-time operation of the power grid. Finally, the simulation based on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 14 power distribution system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed risk assessment method.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles in Jordan: Challenges and Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3199
Author(s):  
Laith Shalalfeh ◽  
Ashraf AlShalalfeh ◽  
Khaled Alkaradsheh ◽  
Mahmoud Alhamarneh ◽  
Ahmad Bashaireh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Stability Margins ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) are replacing gasoline vehicles in the automobile market due to the economic and environmental benefits. The high penetration of EVs is one of the main challenges in the future smart grid. As a result of EV charging, an excessive overloading is expected in different elements of the power system, especially at the distribution level. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of EVs on the distribution system under three loading conditions (light, intermediate, and full). For each case, we estimate the maximum number of EVs that can be charged simultaneously before reaching different system limitations, including the undervoltage, overcurrent, and transformer capacity limit. Finally, we use the 19-node distribution system to study these limitations under different loading conditions. The 19-node system is one of the typical distribution systems in Jordan. Our work estimates the upper limit of the possible EV penetration before reaching the system stability margins.

scholarly journals Dealing fairly with trade imbalances in monetary unions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Marco Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Monetary Unions ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Imbalances ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
The Impact

Politicians around the globe wrangle about how to deal with trade imbalances. In the Eurozone, members running a trade deficit accuse members running a surplus of forcing them into deficit. Yet political philosophers have largely overlooked issues of justice related to trade imbalances. I address three such issues. First, what, if anything, is wrong with trade imbalances? I argue that in monetary unions, trade imbalances can lead to domination between member states. Second, who should bear the burden of rebalancing trade? I argue that surplus and deficit countries should share that burden. The current situation placing the burden squarely on deficit countries is unjust. Third, which institutional arrangements should monetary unions adopt to regulate trade balances? Monetary unions can either reduce trade imbalances within the monetary union, neutralise the impact of trade imbalances on the economic sovereignty of member states, or delegate economic policy affecting trade balances to a legitimate supranational institution. The Eurozone must adopt one of these options to prevent member states from domination. Which option protects members best against domination depends on what makes interference between members arbitrary, an unresolved question in republican theories of justice.

scholarly journals Water Influence on the Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Coated Glass Fiber Fabric

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Hastia Asadi ◽  
Joerg Uhlemann ◽  
Natalie Stranghoener ◽  
Mathias Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Strength Deterioration ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Reversible Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated glass fiber fabrics are used for long-lasting membrane structures due to their outstanding mechanical properties, chemical stabilities, and satisfying service life. During their operation time, different environmental impacts might influence their performance, especially regarding the mechanical properties. In this contribution, the impact of water on the tensile strength deterioration was assessed experimentally, providing evidence of considerable but partially reversible loss of strength by up to 20% among the various types of investigated industrially established fabrics.

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