International legal regulation of the creation and functioning of internal electricity market of the EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (160) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. KOROVIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals NATIONAL STRATEGY OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONA OBLIGATIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Катерина Горбачова ◽  
Валентина Нежевело ◽  
Ірина Хайхан
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Eu

In times of a deep economic crisis, international support, including economic support, depends largely on fulfillment of the international obligations undertaken by Ukraine. Due to the complexity of the reforms implemented by Ukrainian society, political infighting, lack of politicalwill, unity and consistency in the implemented reforms, our country today recognizes the improper and untimely implementation of certain provisions of the Association Agreement with the EU. Intellectual activity permeates all spheres of society, its results, intellectual property rights are in constant development, changing, new objects appear, which presents new requirements for legal systems, on the legal regulation of the specified sphere, and arising out legal relationships. Today, implementation of the Association Agreement with the EU, one of the Chapters of which is the field of intellectual property, assumes of economic and political importance. However, even the judicial reform introduced and the creation of the High Court on Intellectual Property have not deliver their expected results. All because of inconsistency of actions of legislative and executive branches of power, lack of systematicity in reform, and its insufficient substantiation.That is why, today, there is a growing need for the adoption of the National Strategy for the Development of the Intellectual Property Sphere for the period 2020–2025, which should become a comprehensive reflection of the state policy in the field of intellectualproperty. As to its legal nature, the National Strategy for the Development of Intellectual Property is a set of measures aimed at: (creating) promoting and encouraging the creation of intellectual property rights; (use) the introduction of favorable conditions andmechanisms for the use of intellectual property rights in production and other economic sectors; establishment of effective public administration in the field of intellectual property; increase of efficiency of activity of state institutions of the intellectual property protection system, examination of applications and issuance of security documents; improvement of legislation on protection of intellectual property rights; improving the mechanisms of protection of intellectual property rights; formation of a high level of culture and education in the field of intellectual property in order to build a competitive national economy, based on knowledge and innovation and implemented by the Government of our country. The effectiveness of the Strategy depends on the successful implementation of judicial reform and the effective work of the High Court on Intellectual Property.

scholarly journals Human rights during the mass introduction of artificial intelligence and robotic systems into public life

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 609-620
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kuteynikov ◽  
Osman Izhaev ◽  
Valerian Lebedev ◽  
Sergey Zenin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Systems ◽  
The Eu

Purpose: This article considers legal approaches to implementing human rights during the mass exploitation of artificial intelligence and robotic systems in public life. Methods: Within the framework of this study, an emphasis is placed on the legal regulation of artificial intelligence systems and robotics used for remote biometric identification of a person and the creation of social credit systems. This study analyzes different models of legal regulation that are typical of certain countries and regions, including the UK, USA, China, and the EU. Results: In the UK, it is allowed to use real-time face recognition systems in public spaces but the set of scenarios and situations for their use is significantly limited by legislation and law enforcement. The legal regulation of these systems in each state is based on a constant dialogue between state and civil society. The use of artificial intelligence and robotic systems to create social credit systems is tested in some countries. Modern states have formed several approaches to the creation of such systems: some of them completely prohibit these systems, while others develop a technological and regulatory framework for the creation of national systems.

scholarly journals Obstacles to the formation of a common electricity market of the Eurasian Economic Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 02002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Gibadullin ◽  
Valentina Pulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Creation

The current state of the economy and society is influenced by the global integration processes taking place in Eurasia - the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union, which should unite the markets for resources, goods and capital of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. One of the aspects of this process is the creation of a unified electricity market, which ensures free flow of electrical energy, free pricing and competition in the power industry. The purpose of this study is to study the degree of readiness of national energy systems for integration and to identify problems that impede the formation of the Common Electricity Market of the Eurasian Economic Union. The methods used were statistical analysis tools, a graphical method, comparisons and descriptions. The study was carried out on the basis of the use of information provided in the open access of the Eurasian Economic Union, national statistical services and energy companies. The authors have identified the main goals and objectives, as well as the requirements and expected results of the creation of the Common Electricity Market. As a result of the analysis of national power systems, a number of problems were identified that impede their convergence, including inconsistencies in the scale of production, various pricing mechanisms and electricity price regulation, differences in the energy balance of the Eurasian Economic Union member states, different levels of electricity prices, and a particular opinion Of the Republic of Belarus to the concept of market formation and the lack of unified borders of Armenia with other participating countries Union. The findings of the study indicate that by the stated date, namely July 1, 2019, the Common Electricity Market will most likely not be created for the reasons stated. To solve the identified problems, the authors propose several tools, one of the most important among them is the mechanism of regulatory and legal regulation of electricity markets at the national and supranational levels. Also, according to the authors, in the integration processes in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union should consider the world experience of such political and economic associations.

scholarly journals Law enforcement practice of regulating freedom of scientific biomedical research in the european union on the example of Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
MV Velychko ◽  
VI Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
National Programs ◽  
The Eu

Aim. Using the example of Germany, which has an advanced economy and an effective system for ensuring biological safety and biological protection, to study the practice of legal regulation of freedom of scientific research in the EU, in particular in the medical and biological field. Materials and Methods. Based on the analysis of the legislation of this country, the EU approaches to the creation of a system of regulatory support for this area at the level of development and improvement of the general strategy on biosafety and bioprotection, which is mandatory for implementation in the national programs of the member states, have been analysed. The creation and entry into force of specific regulatory legal acts which in detail administer the procedure for conducting biomedical research work is carried out individually in each participating state, considering national characteristics. Conclusions. It is proposed for Ukraine when creating an appropriate domestic system to counter bioterrorism, biological sabotage, and other biological threats to use both the positive experience of the EU member states in the development of national programs of biological safety and biological protection as well as regulatory support for their implementation. Key Words: bioterrorism, bio-threats, bio-risks, biological safety, biological protection

scholarly journals Excise Tax on Alcohol According to Legal Law of Slovak Republic In Terms Of Eu Secondary Law Transposition / Spotrebná Daň Z Liehu V Právnom Poriadku Slovenskej Republiky Z Hľadiska Transpozície Sekundárneho Práva Eú

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ondrej Beňuš
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Stable Component ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Distilling industry is among the traditional sectors of the food industry. It is a significant producers of agricultural primary production and the most stable component of demand in the labour market. Among all the sectors of the food industry, however, it is subject to the greatest extent of the regulation of the business by state, when a crucial component of regulation is the legal regulation of the selection of the excise tax on alcohol. Given the considerable degree of regulation of excise taxes on alcoholic beverages by one of the secondary law of the EU, it is considered appropriate to assess the level of transposition of basic elements of excise tax on alcohol, as defined by literature, into the legal order of the Slovak Republic.

EU bonds will rival German Bunds as a safe asset

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Significance This could create an alternative benchmark safe-haven asset to rival German Bunds within the region. As part of its issuance plans, the EU intends to issue at least EUR50bn in green bonds annually, which is likely to make it the world’s largest issuer of these bonds. Impacts The increased importance of EU bonds over time will help to support the euro's value and could eventually put pressure on the dollar. The EU is leading the world in green bond issuance, but the risk of spurious environmental claims (‘greenwashing’) must be managed. The creation of new EU bonds will help reduce the funding costs of riskier euro-area members such as Italy.

Analyzing the impact of fossil fuel import reliance on electricity prices: The case of the Iberian Electricity Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Moreno ◽  
María T García-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Spain and Portugal are highly dependent on energy from abroad, importing more than 70% of all the energy they consume. This high energy dependence could involve important effects on the level and stability of their electricity prices as a half the gross electricity generated in both countries came from power stations using imported combustible fuels (such as natural gas, coal and oil). In general, changes in the prices of these fossil fuels can directly affect household electricity prices, since generation costs are likely to be transmitted through to the wholesale electricity market. Moreover, in the framework of the European Union Emission Trading System, electricity production technologies tend to incorporate their costs of carbon dioxide emission allowances in sale offers with the consequent increase of the electricity prices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of fossil fuel costs and prices of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU on the Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices. With this aim, a maximum entropy econometric approach is used. The obtained results indicate that not only the price of imported gas are very important in explaining Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices but also the price of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU.

Facing Democratic Crisis in the EU: the New European Citizens’ Initiative Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-147
Author(s):  
Diego González Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
European Public Sphere ◽  
European Public ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Popular Initiative ◽  
Legitimacy Crisis ◽  
The Eu

For some scholars, the possibilities for diminishing the European democratic deficit and the Union’s legitimacy crisis are intertwined with the creation of a European demos and a European public sphere, that, in turn, can create a European civil solidarity. The European citizens’ initiative, which has recently been re-regulated, was precisely designed to help to solve these problems. As we shall see, the new Regulation includes a whole series of positive technical issues that will improve the usage of the mechanism. However, the European citizens’ initiative is still far from being a popular initiative and, therefore, to contribute to diminish the perception of distance between institutions and citizens of the EU or promoting the creation of a European demos. In this vein, after an overview of the European citizens’ initiative new Regulation main innovations and weaknesses, I will present a set of measures in order to achieve a more effective development of the mechanism.

scholarly journals Building a Community of Users for Open Market Energy

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Ferreira ◽  
Ana Martins
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Spinning Reserve ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Control Entity ◽  
Reserve Market

Energy markets are based on energy transactions with a central control entity, where the players are companies. In this research work, we propose an IoT (Internet of Things) system for the accounting of energy flows, as well as a blockchain approach to overcome the need for a central control entity. This allows for the creation of local energy markets to handle distributed energy transactions without needing central control. In parallel, the system aggregates users into communities with target goals and creates new markets for players. These two approaches (blockchain and IoT) are brought together using a gamification approach, allowing for the creation and maintenance of a community for electricity market participation based on pre-defined goals. This community approach increases the number of market players and creates the possibility of traditional end users earning money through small coordinated efforts. We apply this approach to the aggregation of batteries from electrical vehicles so that they become a player in the spinning reserve market. It is also possible to apply this approach to local demand flexibility, associated with the demand response (DR) concept. DR is aggregated to allow greater flexibility in the regulation market based on an OpenADR approach that allows the turning on and off of predefined equipment to handle local microgeneration.

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