Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity

The interactive effects of Cd and natural siliceous mineral analcite on Cd phytotoxicity and rate of accumulation in plant tissues have been analyzed. The test-plants of corn and hemp were grown in pots under controlled conditions of light, temperature, and soil moisture for 21 days in experiments modeling the following treatments: (1) without any amendments (control); (2) with the application of 0.1 % and 0.5 % (by weight) of CdSO4; (3) Cd salts (CdSO4) + analcite 0.1 g, 0.25 g, and 0.5 g per container. Test-plants performance was assessed by their growth characteristics (shoot height and root length), the content of photosynthetic pigments, macro- and micronutrients in leaves. The effect of Cd on maize and hemp plants inhibited their growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis in the leaves, led to a change in the balance of macro- and microelements, which leads to the accumulation of Cd in the tissues of shoots of both studied crops. Application of analcite partially compensated for the negative effects of Cd salts on the crop’s growth, chlorophyll content, and balance of nutrients and reduced Cd accumulation significantly in shoots.

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Parental breeding age effects on descendants’ longevity interact over two generations in matrilines and patrilines

10.32942/osf.io/mnx8h ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zac Wylde ◽

Foteini Spagopoulou ◽

Amy K Hooper ◽

Alexei A Maklakov ◽

Russell Bonduriansky

Keyword(s):

Maternal Age ◽

First Generation ◽

Age Effects ◽

Population Variation ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Competitive Environment ◽

Larval Diet ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Two Generations

Individuals within populations vary enormously in mortality risk and longevity, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. A potentially important and phylogenetically widespread source of such variation is maternal age at breeding, which typically has negative effects on offspring longevity. Here, we show that paternal age can affect offspring longevity as strongly as maternal age does, and that breeding age effects can interact over two generations in both matrilines and patrilines. We manipulated maternal and paternal ages at breeding over two generations in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. To determine whether breeding age effects can be modulated by the environment, we also manipulated larval diet and male competitive environment in the first generation. We found separate and interactive effects of parental and grandparental ages at breeding on descendants’ mortality rate and lifespan in both matrilines and patrilines. These breeding age effects were not modulated by grandparental larval diet quality or competitive environment. Our findings suggest that variation in maternal and paternal ages at breeding could contribute substantially to intra-population variation in mortality and longevity.

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Biochar addition alleviate the negative effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean productivity and water use efficiency

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33869/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yaojun Zhang ◽

Jiaqi Ding ◽

Hong Wang ◽

Lei Su ◽

Cancan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Gaseous Exchange ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Effects Of Drought

Abstract Background: Environmental stress is a crucial factor restricting plant growth as well as crop productivity, thus influencing the agricultural sustainability. Biochar addition is proposed as an effective management to improve crop performance. However, there were few studies focused on the effect of biochar addition on crop growth and productivity under interactive effect of abiotic stress (e.g., drought and salinity). This study was conducted with a pot experiment to investigate the interaction effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean yield, leaf gaseous exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) under biochar addition. Results: Drought and salinity stress significantly depressed soybean phenology (e.g. flowering time) and all the leaf gas exchange parameters, but had inconsistent effects on soybean root growth and WUE at leaf and yield levels. Salinity stress significantly decreased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 20.7%, 26.3%, 10.5% and 27.2%, respectively. Lower biomass production and grain yield were probably due to the restrained photosynthesis under drought and salinity stress. Biochar addition significantly enhanced soybean grain yield by 3.1-14.8%. Drought stress and biochar addition significantly increased WUE-yield by 27.5% and 15.6%, respectively, while salinity stress significantly decreased WUE-yield by 24.2%. Drought and salinity stress showed some negative interactions on soybean productivity and leaf gaseous exchange. But biochar addition alleviate the negative effects on soybean productivity and water use efficiency under drought and salinity stress. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that drought and salinity stress could significantly depress soybean growth and productivity. There exist interactive effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean productivity and water use efficiency, while we could employ biochar to alleviate the negative effects. We should consider the interactive effects of different abiotic restriction factors on crop growth thus for sustainable agriculture in the future.

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Interactive Effects of Moss-Dominated Crusts andArtemisia ordosicaon Wind Erosion and Soil Moisture in Mu Us Sandland, China

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/649816 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yongsheng Yang ◽

Chongfeng Bu ◽

Xingmin Mu ◽

Hongbo Shao ◽

Kankan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Wind Erosion ◽

Water Environment ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Vegetative Cover ◽

Artemisia Ordosica ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Rainwater Infiltration ◽

Bare Sand ◽

Soil Crusts

To better understand the effects of biological soil crusts (BSCs) on soil moisture and wind erosion and study the necessity and feasibility of disturbance of BSCs in the Mu Us sandland, the effects of four treatments, including moss-dominated crusts alone,Artemisia ordosicaalone, bare sand, andArtemisia ordosicacombined with moss-dominated crusts, on rainwater infiltration, soil moisture, and annual wind erosion were observed. The major results are as follows. (1) The development of moss-dominated crusts exacerbated soil moisture consumption and had negative effects on soil moisture in the Mu Us sandland. (2) Moss-dominated crusts significantly increased soil resistance to wind erosion, and when combined withArtemisia ordosica, this effect became more significant. The contribution of moss-dominated crusts underArtemisia ordosicawas significantly lower than that of moss-dominated crusts alone in sites where vegetative coverage > 50%. (3) Finally, an appropriate disturbance of moss-dominated crusts in the rainy season in sites with high vegetative coverage improved soil water environment and vegetation succession, but disturbance in sites with little or no vegetative cover should be prohibited to avoid the exacerbation of wind erosion.

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Macro and Micronutrient Storage in Plants and Their Remobilization When Facing Scarcity: The Case of Drought

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture8010014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Philippe Etienne ◽

Sylvain Diquelou ◽

Marion Prudent ◽

Christophe Salon ◽

Anne Maillard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Ionic Composition ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Vegetative Tissues ◽

Hidden Hunger ◽

Macro And Micronutrients

Human mineral malnutrition or hidden hunger is considered a global challenge, affecting a large proportion of the world’s population. The reduction in the mineral content of edible plant products is frequently found in cultivars bred for higher yields, and is probably increased by intensive agricultural practices. The filling of grain with macro and micronutrients is partly the result of a direct allocation from root uptake and remobilization from vegetative tissues. The aim of this bibliographic review is to focus on recent knowledge obtained from ionomic analysis of plant tissues in order to build a global appraisal of the potential remobilization of all macro and micronutrients, and especially those from leaves. Nitrogen is always remobilized from leaves of all plant species, although with different efficiencies, while nutrients such as K, S, P, Mg, Cu, Mo, Fe and Zn can be mobilized to a certain extent when plants are facing deficiencies. On the opposite, there is few evidence for leaf mobilization of Ca, Mn, Ni and B. Mechanisms related to the remobilization process (remobilization of mineral forms from vacuolar and organic compounds associated with senescence, respectively) are also discussed in the context of drought, an abiotic stress that is thought to increase and known to modulate the ionic composition of grain in crops.

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Evaluating vitamin D with graded levels of strontium supplementation on broiler chicken performance and mineral composition

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14622 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

L. C. Browning ◽

A. J. Cowieson

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Bodyweight Gain ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Bone Composition ◽

Tibia Bone ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Four Levels

In order to examine the interactive effects of strontium and cholecalciferol in broiler nutrition a total of 288 male broiler chickens were fed over 28 days, eight different diets with six replicates comprising of two levels of vitamin D (5000 and 10 000 IU/kg) and four levels of strontium (0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg) provided as strontium carbonate. Vitamin D and strontium produced a significant interaction on growth and feed efficiency with the addition of higher levels of vitamin D ameliorating the negative effects of strontium at 1200 mg/kg. The higher level of vitamin D also improved bodyweight gain (P < 0.05), had no effect on tibia bone composition but reduced calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium retention (P < 0.05). Strontium supplementation produced no advantage to chicken performance but changed tibia bone composition. It was found that calcium and sodium maintained a ratio of ~30 : 1 in tibia bone. Vitamin D and strontium produced a significant physiological interaction and further research is required to elucidate optimum levels of supplementation for commercial broiler chicken production.

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A time-lagged study on the moderating role of overall satisfaction in perceived politics: Job outcomes relationships

Journal of Management & Organization ◽

10.1017/jmo.2016.13 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 321-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Farooq Ahmed Jam ◽

Magda B L Donia ◽

Usman Raja ◽

Chong Hui Ling

Keyword(s):

Job Performance ◽

Job Stress ◽

Interpersonal Conflict ◽

High Stress ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Time Lagged ◽

Positive Effect ◽

High Politics

AbstractIn a time-lagged study with independent measures (N=115, paired responses), we examined the interactive effects of perceived organizational politics and overall satisfaction on job stress, interpersonal conflict, job performance, and creativity. The data were collected from a diverse sample of employees from various workplaces in Pakistan. The findings showed that perceived politics had a positive effect on job stress, while overall satisfaction had a negative effect on interpersonal conflict and a positive effect on creative performance. The results also revealed that in the face of high politics, highly satisfied individuals demonstrated higher levels of creativity and job performance. However, in this context of high politics negative effects were also observed, namely that highly satisfied individuals participated in interpersonal conflict and experienced high stress.

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Examining the interactive effects of accountability, politics, and voice

Career Development International ◽

10.1108/cdi-01-2014-0012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 358-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wayne A. Hochwarter ◽

B. Parker Ellen III ◽

Gerald R. Ferris

Keyword(s):

Work Performance ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Negative Outcomes ◽

Voice Behavior ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Job Tension ◽

Individual Difference Variables ◽

Political Environments ◽

Felt Accountability

Purpose – Research has shown accountability can produce both positive and negative outcomes. Further, because of inherent environmental uncertainty, perceptions of organizational politics often interact with accountability to produce negative effects. However, using uncertainty management theory, the purpose of this paper is to argue that employees can use proactive voice to exercise control in the ambiguity of highly accountable and political environments. Design/methodology/approach – This two sample study of graduate school alumni (n=211) and insurance employees (n=186) explored the three-way interaction of felt accountability×politics perceptions×proactive voice on work performance, job satisfaction, and job tension. Findings – As hypothesized, high levels of felt accountability and politics were most strongly associated with favorable outcomes when coupled with increased voice behavior. Conversely, felt accountability and politics were related to negative outcomes in settings associated with low proactive voice. Results supported in Sample 1 were then constructively replicated in Sample 2. Practical implications – All employees are held accountable to some degree, and all work in potentially political settings. Often, these environmental features are dictated to employees, leaving only employee reactions in direct control. One possible response is voice. As demonstrated in the present research, employees who engage in proactive voice appear to exercise some degree of control over their environment, resulting in more positive outcomes than their less active counterparts. Originality/value – The present research extends understanding regarding the effects of accountability in organizations by demonstrating that contextual factors (e.g. politics) and individual difference variables (e.g. in levels of proactive voice) differentiate favorable vs unfavorable outcomes of accountability.

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APICAL DOMINANCE ASSERTED OVER LATERAL BUDS BY THE GALL OF RHABDOPHAGA STROBILOIDES (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1161277-9 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 116 (9) ◽

pp. 1277-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arthur E. Weis

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Normal Plant ◽

Gall Formation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Lateral Buds ◽

Nutrient Sink ◽

Plant Galls

Plant galls are growth deformities developed under the influence of parasitic insects. The process of differentiation of normal plant tissue into gall tissue has been examined by many authors (Kostoff and Kendall 1929; Rohfristch 1977; see also Mani 1964) but less effort has been made to study the effects of the gallmaker on plant tissues outside the vicinity of active gall formation. Negative effects on the overall growth of the host plant can be expected because the gall acts as an energy and nutrient sink (Palct 1972; Hartnett and Abrahamson 1979), which can cause abnormal patterns of resource allocation among plant organs.

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The dynamics of food chains under climate change and nutrient enrichment

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2012.0230 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 367 (1605) ◽

pp. 2935-2944 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Amrei Binzer ◽

Christian Guill ◽

Ulrich Brose ◽

Björn C. Rall

Keyword(s):

Food Chain ◽

Nutrient Enrichment ◽

Biodiversity Loss ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Large Species ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Food Web Structure ◽

Population Dynamic Model ◽

The Individual

Warming has profound effects on biological rates such as metabolism, growth, feeding and death of organisms, eventually affecting their ability to survive. Using a nonlinear bioenergetic population-dynamic model that accounts for temperature and body-mass dependencies of biological rates, we analysed the individual and interactive effects of increasing temperature and nutrient enrichment on the dynamics of a three-species food chain. At low temperatures, warming counteracts the destabilizing effects of enrichment by both bottom-up (via the carrying capacity) and top-down (via biological rates) mechanisms. Together with increasing consumer body masses, warming increases the system tolerance to fertilization. Simultaneously, warming increases the risk of starvation for large species in low-fertility systems. This effect can be counteracted by increased fertilization. In combination, therefore, two main drivers of global change and biodiversity loss can have positive and negative effects on food chain stability. Our model incorporates the most recent empirical data and may thus be used as the basis for more complex forecasting models incorporating food-web structure.

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Emotional Exhaustion Among Hotel Employees: The Interactive Effects of Affective Dispositions and Positive Work Reflection

Cornell Hospitality Quarterly ◽

10.1177/1938965517748774 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 285-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shi Xu ◽

Larry R. Martinez ◽

Hubert Van Hoof ◽

Mateo Estrella Duran ◽

Gabriela Maldonado Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Low Cost ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Frontline Employees ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Work Lives ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Work ◽

Dispositional Antecedents

Hospitality employees inevitably face emotional exhaustion when performing their jobs. The purpose of this study was to investigate dispositional antecedents of hospitality employees’ emotional exhaustion, including self-instability, pessimism, and affect variability, and how employees’ affect variability mediates the relations between self-instability and pessimism and emotional exhaustion. In addition, we explored the moderating role of positive work reflection on the relation between affect variability and emotional exhaustion. A total of 224 frontline employees in 18 four- and five-star hotels in Ecuador responded to surveys about their emotions and work lives. The findings suggest that (a) emotional exhaustion was influenced by affect variability, (b) affect variability mediated the relations between self-instability and pessimism and emotional exhaustion, and (c) the relation between affect variability and emotional exhaustion was weakened by positive work reflection. The results highlight the importance of potential low-cost and easily trainable interventions that could help in attenuating the negative effects of highly variable emotions and the resulting exhaustion that are prevalent in the hospitality industry. This research is among the first to examine the dispositional antecedents of emotional exhaustion, and the first to highlight the role of positive work reflection as a moderating variable that can buffer the negative effect of affect variability on emotional exhaustion.

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