scholarly journals Identifying interspecific lines of coffee resistant to Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br. and evaluating their adaptability to the coffee growing region of Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez ◽  
Wigmar González ◽  
Oswaldo Bosques
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Production Conditions

Thirteen lines from the coffee germplasm collection of the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Substation, lines T-5175 and T-8667 from Costa Rica, and four advanced multilines from the Portugal Research Center for Coffee Rust (CIFC; ‘Centro de Investigación de la Roya del Café de Portugal’) were evaluated for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and their performance under coffee production conditions in Puerto Rico. The evaluations were conducted in the laboratory and on selected coffee farms. Lines of “Catimor” and “Sarchimor” types were selected based on their reaction to the rust pathogen and excellent agronomic characteristics and named ‘Frontón’ and ‘Limaní’, respectively. Incidence of black beans was examined in red, medium and green beans and was significantly higher in line T-5175, in plantings <300 meters above sea level, and in medium ripe and green fruits. Catimor lines from the CIFC were superior to the check ‘Caturra’ in fruit production and yield of green coffee.  

scholarly journals Yield Performance of Six Lychee Cultivars Grown at Two Locations in Puerto Rico

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-753
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Angel Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
The University ◽  
Lower Production

The globalization of the economy, increased ethnic diversity, and a greater demand for healthy and more diverse food production has increased the demand for tropical fruits. There is a lack of formal experimentation to determine yield performance and fruit quality traits of lychee (Litchi chinensis) cultivars. Six lychee cultivars (Bosworth-3, Brewster, Groff, Mauritius, Kaimana, Salathiel) grown on Mollisol and Inceptisol soils were evaluated for 8 years at the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR-Adjuntas) and La Balear farm, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico, respectively. At UPR-Adjuntas and La Balear, cultivar Groff had a significantly higher production (257,296 fruit/ha) of total fruit than other cultivars, whereas Salathiel had the lowest. However, total fruit production of ‘Groff’ was not significantly different from ‘Kaimana’ and ‘Bosworth-3’at La Balear. At UPR-Adjuntas, cultivars Groff and Bosworth-3 had significantly higher number of marketable fruit than the rest of the cultivars averaging 171,760 fruit/ha. At La Balear, ‘Kaimana’ had a higher number of marketable fruit, but it was not significantly different from ‘Groff’, ‘Bosworth-3’, and ‘Mauritius’, averaging 291,360 fruit/ha. At both sites, individual fruit weight of marketable fruit was higher in ‘Kaimana’ than the rest of the cultivars. However, at La Balear, there were no significant differences between ‘Kaimana’ and ‘Mauritius’. At both locations, cultivars exhibited erratic production patterns, which were characterized by lower production during 1 or 2 successive years following heavy cropping. At current farm gate prices and fruit yield reported in this study, cultivars Groff, Bosworth-3, and Kaimana can generate a good income for growers, and allow them to diversify crops as part of their farm operations.

scholarly journals Fertilizer requirements of coffee grown on Catalina clay in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Luis A. Gómez ◽  
José Lería Esmoris ◽  
B. G. Capó
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Coffee Production

The results obtained in two coffee fertilizer tests performed with the Puerto Rican variety of Coffea arabica on "Catalina Clay" are presented, statistically analyzed, and discussed. Nitrogen and phosphoric acid applications seem to be of greater importance as regards market-coffee production of the above variety in the soil type used, than are the applications of potash, which had no significant effects on the yields. These results are in sharp contrast with the results obtained by McClelland, who found potash applications to be essential and phosphoric acid applications to be not essential for maximum coffee production in Puerto Rico. It should be noted that McClelland's experiments were carried out on other soil types, which were probably not in condition to provide the coffee trees with their potash requirements.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Variety Trials in Puerto Rico, 1951-55

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Méndez-Roig ◽  
George Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Commercial Variety ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
North Central ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Entire Island

Sugarcane variety trials performed by the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, P. R., During the period 1951-55, involved 19 separate experiments and 33 crops. The following results are significant: 1. In the production of available 96° sugar per acre B. 37161 was the outstanding variety of East and North Central cane areas of the Island. P.R. 980 was the leading variety in the Northwest, West, South, and Interior of Puerto Rico. 2. B. 40105, B. 37172, B. 41227, H. 328560, and P.R. 975 all were among the leading producers in tons of sugar per acre. 3. The check varieties M. 336, P.O.J. 2878, and P.R. 902, ranked poorly in the trials as compared with the leading varieties in tons of sugar produced per acre. 4. In terms of tons of cane per acre B. 37161 and P.R. 980 were the two leading varieties for the entire Island, with H. 328560, B. 41227, and B. 37172 also showing favorable cane-tonnage figures. All check varieties did poorly in tons of cane per acre as compared to the leading variety. 5. The varieties were also ranked according to their production of sucrose-percent- cane. P.R. 975 and B. 4362 were first and second, respectively. These two varieties also produced higher cane tonnage than the favored commercial variety M. 336, which ranked third. 6. Finally, the varieties were ranked according to the tons of sugar per acre produced per month, and P.R. 980 ranked first. The first eight experimental varieties produced over 0.60 ton of sugar per acre per month as compared with all commercial varieties, except B. 37161, which produced below 0.50 ton of sugar per acre per month. 7. The reluctance of Puerto Rican farmers to adopt the new cane varieties tested and proven superior to the old commercial varieties is very unprofitable to them. Yields are cited which show that if the land now used to grow the older cane varieties were planted to the new leading experimentally tested varieties discussed in this article, the present sugar crop in Puerto Rico could be produced on about two-thirds of the present acreage. This would release over 100,000 acres for other agricultural uses.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Some Sugarcane Varieties to the Heat Treatment Used in the Control of Chlorotic Streak

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
José Adsuar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Experiment

Chlorotic streak, a virus disease of sugarcane, is known to occur in Puerto Rico and to cause a reduction in germination, tillering, and yield of sugarcane per acre. Immersion of the infected cane in hot water at 52° C. for 20 minutes inactivated the virus and increased the yield of cane and sugar. It is also known that the hot-water treatment may adversely affect the germination of the different varieties. Thirteen of the best sugarcane varieties as recommended by this Agricultural Experiment Station were tested for susceptibility to the hot-water treatment. The treatment adversely affected the germination percentage of M. 336, B. 41227, and Co. 281. It stimulated the germination of varieties H. 328560, P.R. 1000, B. 37161, B. 40105, B. 37172, B. 371933, P.R. 907, and P.R. 902. It had no significant effect on the germination of P.R. 905 and P.R. 980.

Frequency of Herbicide Applications to Coffee Groves

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Elvin G. Boneta García
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Agricultural Experiment

Dowpon, Roundup, Gramoxone and mixtures of Karmex with Dowpon or Gramoxone applied with different frequency were evaluated for weed control in young sun-grown coffee trees at Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Substation, located at lat. 18° N. and long. 66°48' W., and at an elevation of 588 m. Gramoxone (0.95 L/ha) applied at one- or two-month intervals provided excellent weed control. Dowpon at 5.65 and 11.30 kg/ha was equally effective on grasses but ineffective on broadleaves. Roundup (1.90 L/ha) provided good weed control without producing detrimental effects on tree growth and yield. The addition of Karmex to the Gramoxone or Dowpon solution to increase effectiveness in control is questionable. Tree mortality was higher and coffee yield lower when Karmex was added to the solution than when either Gramoxone or Dowpon was used alone. When Dowpon was applied at a rate of 11.30 kg/ha, coffee production was significantly higher than production of the remaining treatments, except for that of the application of 5.65 kg/ha of Dowpon at 12-week interval. The production of the latter plots was significantly higher than that of plots in which Karmex (2.26 kg/ha) was added to the Dowpon (5.65 kg/ha) or the Gramoxone solution (0.95 L/ha) and applied each at 12-week intervals. Coffee yield when the weeds were controlled by Roundup (1.90 L/ha) or Gramoxone (0.95 L/ha) was significantly higher than that when Karmex (2.26 kg/ha) was added to the Gramoxone solution and applied every 12 weeks.

scholarly journals Enhances production of coffee (Coffea robusta): The role of pollinator, forages potency, and honey production from Tetragonula sp. (Meliponinae) in Central Lombok, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Supeno ◽  
Erwan Erwan ◽  
Agussalim Agussalim
Keyword(s):  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Coffea Robusta ◽  
Nectar Content

Abstract. Supeno B, Erwan, Agussalim. 2021. Enhances production of coffee (Coffea robusta): The role of pollinator, forages potency, and honey production from Tetragonula sp. (Meliponinae) in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4687-4693. The bees role as an agent of pollinators to improve the productivity of plants. This study was purposed to enhance coffee production (Coffea robusta) by roles of stingless bee Tetragonula sp. as pollinator agent, forages potency, and honey production. This study has been conducted in a coffee plantation in Lantan, Central Lombok, Indonesia. Several parameters were measured such as the number of bunches and flowers, production of nectar and pollen, sucrose nectar content, production of coffee, production of honey, honey stomach volume, and pollen weight. The results showed that the different observation time influenced the number of bunches, flowers, production of nectar and pollen, sucrose nectar content (P<0.01). The number of bunches ranged from 58.2 to 144.9 bunches/tree, the number of flowers 36.3 to 58.7 flowers/bunches, and 2,362.5 to 8.250.6 flowers/tree. Furthermore, the nectar production 9.16 to 33.85 g/tree, pollen production 1.72 to 5.95 g/tree, sucrose nectar content 20.6 to 35.0%. Estimation of coffee production before pollinated by Tetragonula sp. was 1,230.8 kg/ha, but after pollination by Tetragonula was increased it became 3,605.7 kg/ha (49.1%). Fruit production before pollinated by Tetragonula sp. was 2,127.2 fruit/tree, but after pollination by Tetragonula sp. increased to 8,309.2 fruit/tree (59.2%). Production of honey from Tetragonula sp. was 3.74 g/hive/5 months and in Apis cerana was 301.35 g/hive/5 months. It can be concluded that the Tetragonula sp. as an agent of pollinators can enhance the production of coffee and increase the biodiversity of coffee.

scholarly journals Pollen Donor Position and Climate Factor Affecting Fruit Production of Nutmeg

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susi Purwiyanti ◽  
NFN Sudarsono ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu Endro Kusumo ◽  
Otih Rostiana
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Climate Factor ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Data Production ◽  
Distance Position

<em>The quality and quantity of nutmeg fruit, seed and mace can be improved through managing fruit and seed production.  Fruit development was affected by climate, flower initiation and pollination process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between climate, position, distance of pollen donor to female nutmeg trees, and the ratio of female and male trees to nutmeg yield.  The study was conducted at the nutmeg germplasm collection garden at Cicurug (550 m asl), Sukabumi, tested 295 nutmeg trees from 27 locations in Indonesia. Data production of female trees was based on 2005-2017 data. All nutmeg trees were mapped using the GPS Garmin 76c5x.  Tree sex was determined by male or female flowers domination in each tree. Correlation of the climate factors and production was analyzed using Pearson Correlation. The distance, position and the proportion of female to male trees were evalated by t-test at 5% level.  Ratio of female and male trees to produce high yield was 4 : 1. Rainfall (280-430 mm/month) and temperature (24 - 25<sup>o </sup>C)   during  the  pollination  period  (8-7  months  before  harvesting)  were <em>positively correlated with production by 57.9 % and 82.3 %. The position and distance of pollen donors to female trees had no effect on production.  However, the distance between pollen donors and female trees above 15 m produced an average production equal to 15 m. The number of trees around tree samples had no effect on nutmeg production, but light intensity at 61,425-88,480 lux absorbed by trees could enhance the yield.  Nutmeg required sunlight to penetrate plant canopy in order to induce fruit production.</em></em>

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Swine Line Developed at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21
Author(s):  
Ismael Carlo ◽  
C. L. Arcelay
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The University

The performance of the pigs of the 3/4 Duroc X 1/4 English Large Black Landrace line developed by the Station was compared with the performance of some imported animals. These imported pigs were from the Duroc, the Yorkshire, and the Hampshire breeds. The comparison and the evaluation of the animals was based on preweaning and postweaning characters. The preweaning characters considered were the number of pigs at farrowing, the number at 21 days, and at weaning age. The rate of gain, the feed efficiency, the back-fat thickness corrected to 200 pounds, and carcass evaluation were considered as postweaning characters. All the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and where the F values were significant, they were subjected to a Duncan Multiple Test to determine significance among the means. The overall evaluation of both preweaning and postweaning characters showed that the animals of the 3/4 Duroc X 1/4 English Large Black Landrace line of pigs were as good as any of the animals of the imported breeds with which they were compared, with the possible exception of the carcass evaluation, where the imported breeds gave somewhat better results. They were especially good in the number of pigs weaned, as well as in the weight at weaning time and in rate of gain.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SMOKE AND ETHYLENE ON THE FRUITING OF THE PINEAPPLE (ANANAS SATIVUS SHULT)

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Antonio G. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Large Size ◽  
General Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The experiments using smoke on pineapple plants in the field confirm the results obtained in practice by certain growers in Puerto Rico. The use of this process in the field resulted in a general flowering of all plants and early fruit production. 2: There was no relation between the quantity of smoke used and the response of plants. This indicates a wide latitude as regards concentration of smoke. 3. The age of the plants was not a factor hindering the effect of smoke treatment. 4. From the results obtained in the smoke treatments and ethylene treatments it seems that one or more constituents in smoke and not the temperature produced are responsible for the hastening of bloom. 5. Under the conditions in which smoke treatments were given to field plants, smoke was not toxic. 6. Large-size fruits were obtained following the smoke treatments. 7. The treatment with smoke previous to planting gave no appreciable response. 8. Slips and suckers treated with ethylene previous to planting flowered six months before the control plants. 9. Fruits obtained from ethylene treatments were undersize. Suckers yielded larger fruits than slips. 10. No significant difference was noted with the several concentrations of gas when used on slips and suckers. 11. The results obtained indicate that the ethylene treatment has modified metabolism and induced flower production.

scholarly journals (9) Compositional Characterization of a Garlic Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039C-1039
Author(s):  
Marita Cantwell ◽  
Gyunghoon Hong ◽  
Ron Voss
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Outer Whorl ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Compositional Characterization ◽  
Production Conditions

A USDA germplasm collection of garlic (Alliumsativum) and related species (A. ophioscorodon, A. longicuspis) has been evaluated for horticultural characteristics and composition under California production conditions for several years. In 2004, 198 of the 217 accessions in the collection were evaluated. Bulbs were manually harvested late June to early July, cured about 3 weeks shaded at ambient temperatures, and the outer whorl of cloves manually peeled. Bulb and clove weights and percentage of dry matter were determined. Freeze-dried garlic powder was analyzed for alliin (precursor of flavor and health compounds) concentrations by HPLC. Thiosulfinates (mostly allicin, responsible for flavor and pungency) were determined by a spectrophotometric assay. Among the accessions evaluated in 2004, the percentage of dry matter ranged from 32.8% to 44.9%. Alliin content varied from 8.9 to 29.7 mg·g-1, and thiosulfinate concentrations ranged from 32.7 to 114.0 μmol·g-1. For comparison, the widely grown varieties California Early and California Late averaged 39.5% and 40.8% dry matter, 18.6 and 20.6 mg·g-1 alliin, and 68.1 and 78.8 μm·g-1 thiosulfinates.

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