A Systematic Re-evaluation of the Sources of Old Norse Astronomy

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Christian Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
First Century ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Secondary Material ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Linguistic Evidence

The field of Old Norse astronomy is in a very fragmented state. There is no primary source that describes all the heavenly bodies and constellations known to the Old Norse culture. Instead the researcher must go to a wide variety of sources, which sometimes only convey snippets of information. These sources range from Eddic poems to tales of early Icelandic astronomers and through to linguistic evidence, archaeology and folklore. The secondary material on these sources is also fragmented, since from the early twentieth century there have only been a few attempts at an overall grand narrative. In this paper a new approach is proposed to collecting and assessing this data. By using multi-disciplinary scholarship and a tripartite model, this paper will show how a new assessment of Old Norse astronomy can be put into practice for the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Hierophanies in the Vinland Sagas: Images of a New World

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Aidan Foster
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
First Century ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Secondary Material ◽  
Linguistic Evidence

The field of Old Norse astronomy is in a very fragmented state. There is no primary source that describes all the heavenly bodies and constellations known to the Old Norse culture. Instead the researcher must go to a wide variety of sources, which sometimes only convey snippets of information. These sources range from Eddic poems to tales of early Icelandic astronomers and through to linguistic evidence, archaeology and folklore. The secondary material on these sources is also fragmented, since from the early twentieth century there have only been a few attempts at an overall grand narrative. In this paper a new approach is proposed to collecting and assessing this data. By using multi-disciplinary scholarship and a tripartite model, this paper will show how a new assessment of Old Norse astronomy can be put into practice for the twenty-first century.

The significance of aesthetic landscape appreciation to modern geotourism provision

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hose
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nineteeth Century

Many of the stakeholders involved in modern geotourism provision lack awareness of how the concept essentially ermeged, developed and was defined in Europe. Such stakeholders are unaware of how many of the modern approaches to landscape promotion and interpretation actually have nineteeth century antecedents. Similarly, many of the apparently modern threats to, and issues around, the protection of wild and fragile landscapes and geoconservation of specific geosites also first emerged in the ninetheeth century; the solutions that were developed to address those threats and issues were first applied in the early twentieth century and were subsequently much refined by the opening of the twenty-first century. However, the European engagement with wild and fragile landscapes as places to be appreciated and explored began much earlier than the nineteenth century and can be traced back to Renaissance times. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary consideration of this rather neglected aspect of geotourism, initially by considering its modern recognition and definitions and then by examining the English Lake District (with further examples from Britain and Australia available at the website) as a particular case study along with examples.

Marry Me?

Love, Inc. ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Laurie Essig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Real ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Real Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Diamond Ring

Getting engaged now requires more emotional and financial resources than ever before. Here Essig traces the history of engagements from the birth of companionate marriages in the nineteenth century to the invention of rituals like the bended knee and fetish items like the diamond ring in the early twentieth century. But the real change happened at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as engagements became “spectacular,” requiring not just highly staged events but also highly produced videos and images that could then be disseminated to the larger world.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Ayfer Karakaya-Stump
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Folk Islam

The introduction places the book in the context of the larger literature on Islam in Anatolia. It explains how this book is part of a recent wave of studies that take a critical, revisionist approach to the deeply entrenchedparadigmdeveloped by the early-twentieth century Turkish historian Fuad Köprülü, highlighting in particular the perils of a binary vision of religion based on high Islam and folk Islam, and the ahistorical application of the notion of syncretism in Alevi-Bektashi studies. The introduction also offers an outline of Alevi beliefs, rituals, and socio-religious organization, discusses the recently surfaced Kizilbash/Alevi manuscripts and documents that form the book’s primary source base, summarized the major themes and argumentsthat emerge from them, and explains the organization of the chapters around these themes.

scholarly journals Curriculum, knowledge, and the idea of South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-45
Author(s):  
Crain Soudien
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Difference ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Curriculum Project

South Africa is an important social space in world history and politics for understanding how the modern world comes to deal with the questions of social difference, and the encounter of people with different civilizational histories. In this essay I argue that a particular racial idea inflected this encounter. One of the ways in which this happened was through the dominance of late nineteenthcentury and early twentieth-century positivism. In setting up the argument for this essay, I begin with a characterization of the nature of early South Africa's modernity, the period in which the country's political and intellectual leadership began to outline the kinds of knowledges they valued. I argue that a scientism, not unlike the positivism that emerges in many parts of the world at this time, came to inform discussions of progress and development in the country at the end of the nineteenth century. This was continued into the early twentieth century, and was evident in important interventions in the country such as the establishment of the higher education system and initiatives like the Carnegie Inquiry of 1933. The key effect of this scientism, based as it was on the conceits of objectivity and neutrality, was to institute suspicion of all other forms of knowing, and most critically that of indigenous knowledge. In the second part of the paper, I show that this scientism persists in the post-apartheid curriculum project. Finally, I make an exploratory argument, drawing on the concept of the 'transaction' in John Dewey, for a new approach to knowing.

G. K. Chesterton and Islam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tom Villis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Scholarly Attention

G. K. Chesterton's anti-Semitism has attracted much scholarly attention, but his views on Islam have largely passed without comment. This article situates Chesterton's writings in relation to historical views of Islam in Britain and the political, cultural and religious context of the early twentieth century. Chesterton's complex and contradictory opinions fail to support easy conclusions about the immutability of prejudice across time. His views of Islam are at times orientalist and at other times critical of imperialism and elitism. As well as drawing on medieval Catholic ideas about the “heresy” of Islam, Chesterton also links Islam with Protestant Christianity. From another perspective, his views of Islam draw on liberal traditions of humanitarian interventionism and democratic patriotism. Finally, he also used Islam as a symbol of a corroding modernity. This study suggests the need for a historically sensitive genealogy of the evolution of anti-Muslim prejudice which is not predetermined by the politics of the early twenty-first century.

Representing Anglophone culture in China

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-141
Author(s):  
Mingming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Peter Pan ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foreignizing Translation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Using three Chinese translations of Peter Pan completed at different times in history, this paper discusses how the spread of the Anglophone culture in China influenced the representation of Anglophone culture in translations. The paper provides an overview of different types of culture-bound elements identified in Peter Pan, illustrating the different translation strategies adopted to treat these elements. The analysis focuses on the influence of the changing sociocultural context in China, exploring how the spread of Anglophone culture in China over time is reflected in the translation of culture-bound elements. As the penetration of the Anglophone culture into China became more profound from the early twentieth century to the early twenty-first century, the source culture became better preserved, providing readers with a culturally rich target text with foreignizing translation strategies.

Progressive Counterinsurgency and COIN

American Datu ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 243-266
Author(s):  
Ronald K. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
First Century ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The U.S

This last chapter compares and contrasts the Progressive counterinsurgency strategy implemented by John J. Pershing in the Muslim Philippines with twenty-first-century counterinsurgency (COIN) guidelines as set forth in The U.S. Army * Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual, first published in 2006. It argues that although modern COIN ideas have much to recommend them, American officers engaged in combatting Islamic militants today would be wise to study Pershing’s full-spectrum but more limited approach to counterinsurgency among Philippine Moros in the early twentieth century.

Behind the Bandstand: Jay G. Sims and the Internal Workings of the Sousa Band

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin D. McAlister
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Administrative Position ◽  
Personnel Manager

From 1919 to 1932 trombonist, Jay G. Sims, served as the personnel manager for the Sousa Band. The Harry Ransom Center at University of Texas at Austin holds Sim's business correspondences which divulge his crucial role in the band’s operations, shedding light on his contributions to the band's success as a touring group. Notwithstanding so, there is relatively little information about him in the existing scholarship on John Philip Sousa and the Sousa Band. This paper explores Sims’ position as personnel manager for the Sousa Band through an examination of his correspondences. There is particular focus on his day-to-day functions, including his input on hiring decisions and recruitment of members, as well as purchasing of equipment for the band’s performances. Furthermore, Sims’ correspondence offers a rare, behind-the-scenes glimpse of the Sousa Band, one of the most famous touring musical groups of the early-twentieth century. By using Sims’ own documents as a primary source, it is possible through letters and invoices, not only to determine the exact nature of Sims’ role within the Sousa Band, but also how his administrative position impacted the band’s operations.

Origins of sports car marketing: early 20th Century British cycle-cars

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Brian Jones ◽  
Alan J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore the attempts by early twentieth century cyclecar manufacturers in the UK and USA to segment the personal transportation market and to position early cyclecars through the development of unique product attributes and advertising. More specifically, the authors speculate about early twentieth century British cyclecar marketing strategies that implicitly recognized a sports car segment and positioned cyclecar brands to meet the needs of that segment. Design/methodology/approach The primary source material for this research is a sample of 205 print ads and articles from the early twentieth century (1912-1921) specialty magazines devoted to cyclecars in the UK and USA. We combine the content analysis of the sample of ads with a critical reading and interpretation of a sub-sample of those same ads. Findings Between 1910 and 1921, a new form of personal transportation was developed that combined the technology of motorcycles with the utility of automobiles. Known as “cyclecars”, these vehicles were typically constructed from off-the-shelf motorcycle parts and assembled in small batches by a myriad of manufacturers. Current scholarship suggests that the cyclecar craze of the 1910s ended with the introduction of low cost “real” automobiles such as the Ford Model T, Austin 7 and Morris Oxford. We use the content analysis of cyclecar advertisements to construct a brand-positioning map of this emerging segment of the transportation market. We argue that while the core cyclecar positioning was in direct competition with small economically positioned cars such as the Ford Model T, a significant part of the market, primarily centered in the UK, could be considered as for sports cars. That segment of the cyclecar market, along with the development of cyclecars into urban delivery vehicles, continued over time and has re-emerged today in a range of three-wheeled sports cars, including the updating and continuation of the British Morgan 3 Wheeler model which was launched during the heyday of cyclecars. Research limitations/implications The authors can only speculate about the impact of the Ford Model T in this study. Further research on that issue is needed. Originality/value This is the first historical study of cyclecar marketing. Most of what little has been published about cyclecars focuses on their design and technology.

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