scholarly journals A GIS-Based Methodology to Determine Effect of Vehicular Pollution at Ward Level: Case Study of Jaipur City

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Vyas ◽  
K. Mahale ◽  
R. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Jaipur City ◽  
Monitoring Stations

To determine appropriate measures to reduce air pollution in any urban city, the first essential requirement is to estimate the spatial distribution of air pollution parameters in that area. In absence of air monitoring stations, alternative methods are required for the same. In the present work, a GIS-based methodology is presented to estimate the level of NO2 based on the road density of the road network of different categories of roads. Road network GIS layer and measured levels of the average value of NO2 for the year 2019 at 12 air pollution monitoring stations of Jaipur city are used to develop a large number of possible linear regression models for estimation of NO2 values based on road density values. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and adjusted r2 values are used to evaluate and arrive at the best-fitted model. Values from the cities of Jodhpur and Kota are used to validate the model. Using this model, NO2 levels are determined at 91 wards of Jaipur city and the output is compared with the similar map derived based on interpolation of NO2 values at the 12 monitoring stations. It is concluded that the methodology developed in this study generates better estimates of NO2 at the ward levels.

scholarly journals Strategies of method selection for fine-scale PM<sub>2.5</sub> mapping in an intra-urban area using crowdsourced monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2933-2948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Xu ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Xiuge Zhao ◽  
Shenxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is of great concern to the public due to its significant risk to human health. Numerous methods have been developed to estimate spatial PM2.5 concentrations in unobserved locations due to the sparse number of fixed monitoring stations. Due to an increase in low-cost sensing for air pollution monitoring, crowdsourced monitoring of exposure control has been gradually introduced into cities. However, the optimal mapping method for conventional sparse fixed measurements may not be suitable for this new high-density monitoring approach. This study presents a crowdsourced sampling campaign and strategies of method selection for 100 m scale PM2.5 mapping in an intra-urban area of China. During this process, PM2.5 concentrations were measured by laser air quality monitors through a group of volunteers during two 5 h periods. Three extensively employed modelling methods (ordinary kriging, OK; land use regression, LUR; and regression kriging, RK) were adopted to evaluate the performance. An interesting finding is that PM2.5 concentrations in micro-environments varied in the intra-urban area. These local PM2.5 variations can be easily identified by crowdsourced sampling rather than national air quality monitoring stations. The selection of models for fine-scale PM2.5 concentration mapping should be adjusted according to the changing sampling and pollution circumstances. During this project, OK interpolation performs best in conditions with non-peak traffic situations during a lightly polluted period (holdout validation R2: 0.47–0.82), while the RK modelling can perform better during the heavily polluted period (0.32–0.68) and in conditions with peak traffic and relatively few sampling sites (fewer than ∼100) during the lightly polluted period (0.40–0.69). Additionally, the LUR model demonstrates limited ability in estimating PM2.5 concentrations on very fine spatial and temporal scales in this study (0.04–0.55), which challenges the traditional point about the good performance of the LUR model for air pollution mapping. This method selection strategy provides empirical evidence for the best method selection for PM2.5 mapping using crowdsourced monitoring, and this provides a promising way to reduce the exposure risks for individuals in their daily life.

scholarly journals Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram based Road Network Characteristics Identification and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 04051
Author(s):  
Yi Yu ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xianglun Mo ◽  
Yao Yu ◽  
Mei liu
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Flow Equilibrium ◽  
The Relationship

As an inherent property of the road network, macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) method can effectively describe the traffic status of the urban roads and identify the relationship among key factors, such as traffic flow and occupancy. Currently, using MFD is easily affected by various network inner factors including topology and road density, so in this paper we propose a method to identify inner characteristic of road network and do a series of comparisons under different scenarios with fixed traffic input circumstance. The differential impact of data collector setting locations are discussed with a aim to reveal the respective location setting suitable for various networks conditions in initial; then road topology and density are designed in road network and simulated MFD performances with flow equilibrium affections. It is shown as the dispersion decreasing of link length or road density of network, the network exhibits better operation efficiency so as to increase the output of link flow and the dissipative ability of the road network. Meanwhile, the equivalent of entrances and exits is proved as another important factor has same impact on MFD.

scholarly journals Understanding Air Pollution from Induced Traffic during and after the Construction of a New Highway: Case Study of Highway 25 in Montreal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shohel Reza Amin ◽  
Umma Tamima ◽  
Luis Amador Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This study demonstrates through a case study that detailed analyses, even after the construction of a project, are feasible using current technologies and available data. A case study of highway 25 is used to illustrate the method and verify the levels of air contaminants from additionally induced traffic during and after the construction of highway. Natural traffic growth was removed from the effect of observed gas emissions by comparing observed levels on other further locations in the same metropolitan area. This study estimates air pollution from the additional traffic during and after the construction of A-25 extension project. NO2 levels were spatially interpolated during peak and off-peak hour traffic and traffic density simulated on the road network for four scenarios. Comparing the four scenarios, it was found that levels of NO2 concentrations were reduced at neighbor areas due to less traffic during the construction period. Levels of NO2 after the construction were higher than those in 2008. The simulated traffic density for four scenarios revealed that traffic density was significantly increased on both arterial and access roads within the close vicinity of the extension project during and after its construction.

scholarly journals Effect of vehicular pollution on Duranta repens L. in Jammu City

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Anil K. Raina ◽  
Chand Bala
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Potted Plants

Experimental potted plants of Duranta repens has been exposed to air pollution at major traffic crossings-Amphalla chowk, Dogra chowk, Bikram chowk, Satwari chowk of Jammu city and also inside University Campus in the department which has been taken as a reference site. Sets of 10 plants were kept at each site and analyzed for various micro morphological, anatomical and biochemical parameters to assess the changes due to air pollution. Analysis of data revealed that micro-morphological parameters viz. stomatal frequency, epidermal cell frequency increased significantly while others like size of the stomata, epidermal cells and length, breadth ratio of the epidermal cells decreased significantly in plants kept at polluted location. All the anatomical parameters such as thickness of midrib region, midrib adjoining region, spongy tissue, upper epidermis and vascular bundles decreased significantly in exposed plants. Among biochemical parameters chlorophyll b decreases significantly while ascorbic acid increases significantly. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) has also been calculated and found to increase significantly in plants kept at polluted location which indicate that the Duranta repens serve as sink to air pollutants and can be effectively employed for phyto-monitoring auto exhaust pollution along the road side of the busy traffic ways.

scholarly journals Investigating Accidents on the Main Road Network in The North-West Region of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Rodica Dorina Cadar ◽  
Rozalia Melania Boitor ◽  
Mara Dumitrescu ◽  
Petru Daniel Măran
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Main Road ◽  
North West ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Eu

The paper investigates the accidents and fatalities on the main road network in the North-West Region of Romania over a period of 4 years (2015– 2018). The aim of the paper is to highlight some shortcomings and suggest possible improvements of the road network in order to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities. Detailed analyses, including statistical and spatial statistical analyses, were conducted on the accidents involving goods and public transport vehicles considering the scale of their impact. As a result, black corridors and vulnerable municipalities were identified. They were found to be related to the reduced main road density and high levels of freight traffic transit. In conclusion, with one of the lowest motorization rates in the EU and given the important efforts already made by the police, improving road network in Romania becomes the key for reducing accident and fatality rates in the region. In this regard, it is suggested that motorways and ring roads are needed in order to bypass the vulnerable municipalities. The results of this research may enable planners and administrations to act strategically to improve road safety in the critical areas, to prioritize actions for road network development and to formulate better strategies to ensure road safety.

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