scholarly journals An educational intervention to improve the ability of community pharmacists in Sri Lanka to detect drug related problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Tharmalinga S J Janani ◽  
Rafaideen Risla ◽  
Lelwala G T Shanika ◽  
Priyadarshani Galappatthy ◽  
Nithushi R Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Patient Harm ◽  
Interactive Teaching ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Assessment ◽  
Educational Workshop ◽  
Pharmacy Chain

Background: Drug related problems (DRPs) in prescriptions could result in patient harm. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational workshop on detecting DRPs in prescriptions by a cohort of community pharmacists. Methods: Pharmacists working in a large community pharmacy chain in Sri Lanka were invited for an educational workshop on detecting DRPs in prescriptions. Participants were asked to review three mock prescriptions containing hypothetical DRPs before the workshop. After an interactive teaching session, pharmacists were asked to review the same three prescriptions again. Results: All pharmacists who attended the workshop (N=58) participated. The mean score for detecting DRPs per pharmacist at pre-assessment was 5.3±2.1 which increased to 8.5±1.7 at post-assessment (p<0.001). Conclusion: An educational intervention improved the community pharmacists’ ability to detect DRPs related to completeness and legality of prescriptions but failed to make a significant impact on detecting serious pharmacological issues like medicine duplications and interactions.

Impact of brief educational intervention on knowledge of cancer among community pharmacists

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110419
Author(s):  
Kofi Boamah Mensah ◽  
Adwoa Bemah Boamah Mensah ◽  
Ebenezer Wiafe ◽  
Neelaveni Padayachee ◽  
Abena Yeboah Aduse Poku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Total Knowledge Score ◽  
Cancer Screening Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer

Introduction Community pharmacists may play a vital role in early detection and prevention of cancer. Findings from our pre-assessment studies showed that the Ghanaian community have inadequate knowledge of cancer. We assessed the impact of a brief educational intervention on knowledge level of cancer among Ghanaian community pharmacists. Method The study was a descriptive interventional study. Knowledge of cancer, signs and symptoms, risk factors and cancer screening tests were assessed before in a pre-assessment study and after a brief online education in our current study. A total of 435 community pharmacists were recruited in both studies. Results The mean ± SD total knowledge score of cancer increased from 9.03 ± 2.65 to 12.97 ± 1.43 out of a maximum score of 15 points. The mean ± SD total knowledge score of signs and symptoms of cancer increased from 4.15 ± 2.14 to 6.86 ± 0.76 out of a maximum score of 7 points. For the total knowledge score of causes and risk factors of cancer, the mean ± SD score increased from 8.13 ± 3.31 to 11.59 ± 0.87 out of a maximum score of 12 points. Lastly, the mean ± SD total knowledge score of cancer screening tests increased from 9.04 ± 5.01 to 16.39 ± 0.86 out of a maximum score of 18 points. Conclusion There were overall statistically significant improvements of participants knowledge in all aspects of cancer in this study compared to the pre-assessment study. Our study presents evidence of the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention tailor-made for Ghanaian community pharmacists.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES OF RURAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS OF MYSURU DISTRICT TOWARD ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Srikanth M S ◽  
Adepu R
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Impact

Objective: A prospective interventional study was conducted to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP)(of rural community pharmacists toward adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting.Methods: A validated KAP questionnaire was administered on the enrolled community pharmacists in the study. SPSS software package version-19 was used to calculate the influence of educational intervention on KAP scores of the participants. Pre-training KAP scores were compared with the post-training KAP scores.Results: About 49 community pharmacists have participated in the study, 95.91% (n=47) were males, and 4.08% (n=2) were females. The mean±SD age of the participants was 40.93±7.84 years. The mean ± SD score in the knowledge component was significantly increased from 4.87±2.015 to 7.09 ± 0.68 (n=49, p<0.05). After the educational intervention, 77.55% (n=38) of participants could correctly define the ADRs, and 73.46% (n=36) of participants were aware of the consequence of ADRs. About 57.34% of participants disagree with the statement reporting of ADRs incurs the addtional workload with post education intervention. At the end of the study, the participants’ knowledge was significantly increased and participant pharmacists felt responsible toward ADR reporting.Conclusion: Educational interventional program have shown a tremendous change in knowledge and awareness of the respondents towards adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting. It is well understood that there is a need for promoting the pharmacovigilance activities among community pharmacists.

scholarly journals The Extent of Community Pharmacists’ Involvement in Detecting and Resolving Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in Prescriptions - A Cross Sectional Study in a Community Pharmacy Setting From Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharmalinga Sharma Jegath Janani ◽  
Rafaideen Risla ◽  
Lelwala Guruge Thushani Shanika ◽  
Nithushi Rajitha Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inappropriate Drug ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Dose Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in prescriptions could harm patients.Purpose: To assess, the prevalence of DRPs in prescriptions, and the ability of community pharmacists to detect and correct DRPs in prescriptions dispensed in a selected community pharmacy. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected community pharmacy in Colombo, Sri Lanka, where one researcher reviewed for DRPs in systematically selected prescriptions (N=400), and another directly observed the proportion of DRPs identified by community pharmacists in the same set of prescriptions. Actions taken by pharmacists on resolving DRPs were also documented. DRPs were classified according to a slightly modified version of Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification V8.01. Results: Among 1986 drugs, 1211 DRPs were identified by researchers, and 441 by community pharmacists (N=24). Drug selection (N=15), dose selection (N=817), duration of treatment (N=128), incomplete prescriptions (N=128), and in-house classification such as outdated prescriptions, missing unit of measurements, and ambiguous names of medicines that cannot be read by both community pharmacists and researcher (N=122) were the most common DRPs identified by researchers, of which only 1 (p<0.001), 394 (p<0.001), 13 (p=0.006), 5 (p<0.001), and 27 (p<0.001) respectively were identified by pharmacists. DRP identification by researcher and pharmacist did not significantly differ for inappropriate drug form (p=0.550). Among 441 DRPs identified by pharmacists, 406 were corrected by them (p=0.92). Most DRPs were self-resolved by pharmacists themselves (366/406) (p=0.90), while patients were also sent back to prescriber (14/406) (p=0.03) and refused to dispense drugs (9/406) (p=0.02).Conclusion: Among DRPs frequently observed in prescriptions in the community, pharmacists missed some, including incomplete prescriptions that had potential to harm. Pharmacist resolved most of the DRPs detected.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Health Literacy Based Educational Intervention on Nutritional Outcomes of Elderly

Salmand ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-337
Author(s):  
Amin Mirzaei ◽  
◽  
Ali Ramezankhani ◽  
Parisa Taheri Tanjani ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adequate Health Literacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elderly Nutrition ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Inadequate Health Literacy

Objectives: Health literacy is one of the most important social determinants of elderly health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and nutritional behaviors of the elderly with adequate health literacy and inadequate health literacy. Methods & Materials: An experimental study was conducted with 192 people 60 years and older in Ilam Province, Iran, from May to September 2016. The elderly were assigned into four groups (48 subjects in each group), including two intervention groups with adequate and inadequate health literacy and two control groups with sufficient and insufficient health literacy. The elderly nutrition education program consisted of four lecture sessions with questions and answers, along with an elderly nutrition manual for the intervention group. The level of health literacy among the elderly was assessed using functional health literacy in adults. The level of knowledge, attitude, and nutritional behaviors was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire in two stages before and two months after the educational intervention. The SPSS V. 21 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square, paired t test, and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis. Results: The Mean±SD age of the men was 61.24±2.38 years, and the mean±SD age of women was 61.35±2.45 years. The majority of men with adequate health literacy were men (84.37%), while the proportion of men and women in those with inadequate health literacy was almost the same. All participants with adequate health literacy and 89.58% of those with inadequate health literacy were married. After the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the intervention group with adequate health literacy increased significantly (P≤0.013, P≤0.015, and P<0.001, respectively). In the intervention group with inadequate health literacy, only the knowledge mean score after the intervention showed a significant increase (P≤0.035). However, there was no significant change in the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior in both control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the study Results, the effectiveness of the educational intervention in relation to nutrition of the elderly is significantly influenced by the level of health literacy.

scholarly journals Validation of Sinhala Version of Brief COPE Scale in Patients with Cancer in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranthi Weeratunga ◽  
Chandanie Senadheera ◽  
Manjula Hettiarachchi ◽  
Bilesha Perera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Maladaptive Coping ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Coping strategies are essential in the cancer management/recovery process and show an integral part in patients with cancer globally. In Sri Lanka, validated scales to measure coping are scarce. This study was examined the Sinhalese version of the Brief COPE for its psychometric properties. Methods This scale is self-administered (28 items) and consists of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies; divided into 14 subscales. Cancer patients were registered ‘first come - first serve’ basis using their appointment register at the Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology ward, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka. They were requested to complete the Sinhalese version of the Brief COPE and demographic details. Test-retest reliability was checked using the same subjects two weeks later. Factorial validity was performed using exploratory factor and principal component analysis. Results were regarded as statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results The mean (±SD) age of the sample was 61(±12) years. The mean adaptive coping (±SD) and maladaptive coping were 37.50 (±8.14) and 17.10 (±2.44) respectively. The internal consistency of the overall scale was good (Cronbach’s alpha - 0.819). Adaptive and maladaptive coping showed a high Cronbach’s alpha (0.861 and 0.396). The test-retest reliability was found to be 0.66. The Sinhala version of BC was found to have a negative correlation with the CES-D scale but was positively correlated with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Seven factors were extracted. Conclusion The Sinhala version of the Brief COPE is a valid and reliable tool to assess coping strategies among patients with cancer. The findings of this study would let the health authorities get an understanding of coping strategies among patients with cancer; and the impact on cancer victims and family members to relieve their suffering.

scholarly journals Theoretically designed interventions for colorectal cancer prevention: A Case of the Health Belief Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Rakhshanderou ◽  
Maryam Maghsoudloo ◽  
Ali Safari-Moradabadi ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: According to the WHO, most chronic diseases, including cancer, can be prevented by identifying their risk factors such as unhealthy diet, smoking and physical inactivity. This research examined the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on colorectal cancer-related preventive nutritional behaviors among a sample of organizational staff. Methods: In this interventional study, 110 employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control) with cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing two parts of 10-dimensional information and health belief model constructs. The educational intervention was conducted for one month and in four sessions in the form of classroom lecture, pamphlet, educational text messages via mobile phones and educational pamphlets through the office automation system. Two groups were evaluated in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software, analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and independent t-test (intergroup comparisons). Results: Two groups were evaluated for variables such as age, sex, education level and family history of colorectal cancer, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the two months since intervention, except for the mean score of perceived barriers, which was not significant after intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors were significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of educational intervention based on health belief model was effective for the personnel, and can enhance the preventative nutritional behaviors related to colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Preventive Behaviors of Type 2 Diabetes Among at-risk Male Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Safajou ◽  
Mohsen Rezaeian ◽  
Yaser Salim Abadi ◽  
Mostafa Nasirzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Knowledge Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background: One of the most important strategies to prevent diabetes as an important health issue in adolescents is education and awareness. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention (EI) based on health belief model (HBM) on preventive behaviors of type 2 diabetes.Methods: The educational trial study was conducted in 2019-2020 among 143 high school male students at risk in Khash city (in southwestern Iran), using a random cluster method in two intervention and control groups. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics, knowledge, model constructs and disease prevention behaviors questionnaires. The training program was held in 7 one-hour sessions. Data were collected before, immediately and three months after the intervention and analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Chi-square, Independent t-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA at significant level of 0.05. Results: Immediately after the implementation of the training program in the intervention group, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of knowledge, model constructs and behavior (P =0.0001). Three months after the EI, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge, perceived barriers, Cues to action and behavior between the two groups (p <0.05).Conclusion: Considering the effect of EI based on HBM on the promotion of diabetes prevention behaviors in students, the design, implementation and evaluation of theory-based EIs in the control and prevention of diabetes in adolescents is recommended.

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