The Role of Extension Officers in Delivering Agricultural Services to the Small-Scale Farmers, Gezira State, Sudan

This research was carried out in Gezira State, Sudan. The objective of this research is to assess the role of extension officers in transferring agricultural services and innovations to the farmers. Field survey was used to collect the data by using structured questionnaire which designed and pre-tested. Secondary data was collected from books, scientific journals and relevant documents. Based on Steven Samson equation the sample size were 36 extension officers selected by using quota sample technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis depends on descriptive statistics, correlation, and Regression analysis. The findings indicated that the high percentages (47%) of extension officers their experiences between 11 to 15 years and 33% had no training courses. 81% of the respondents had strong-direct links with the farmers, and their source of information of inputs and technical packages was the research centres (75%). The extension officers explained that they had high cost in transferring information to the farmers, required information and more interested partners on the feedback was research institution (83%). Correlation test shown personal characters, business career had significant correlation with the link with the research (.031) the value (R=.359), high significantly correlated between the nature of the relationship with farmers and link with research sig (.001) value of correlation (.534). The results of regression test indicated that the link with research had impact with significant value (.427beat) sig (.049) other partners had no significant. Recommendations: Based on the findings the research recommends: clear direct link for the extension officers with all agricultural partners in order to facilitate the delivery of information to the farmers. Private sector should involve in designing the extension policy and continuing training sessions have to be held to all extension officers.

The Role of Extension Officers in Delivering Agricultural Services to the Small-Scale Farmers, Gezira State, Sudan

American International Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.46545/aijas.v3i1.166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 51-65

Author(s):

Adam Elradi M. Ali ◽

Mohammed Adam. A. Hamad ◽

Mohamed Atta Ali Abdallh ◽

Mutasim Ali M. Elagab

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Small Scale ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Research Institution ◽

Sample Technique ◽

Training Courses ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Role of Normative Information in Judgments of Others

The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine H. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Social Desirability ◽

Interpersonal Perception ◽

Future Research ◽

Average Person ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

When forming impressions of an other’s personality, people often rely on information not directly related to the individual at hand. One source of information that can influence people’s impressions of others is the personality of the average person (i.e., normative profile). This relationship between the normative profile and an impression is called normative accuracy or normativity. In this chapter, you will learn about the average personality, why it is important, the relationship to social desirability and what it means to have a normative impression, as well as correlates and moderators of normativity. More broadly, you will learn about current research and views regarding the normative profile and normative impressions as well as concrete steps for incorporating this approach into your future research on interpersonal perception.

Consumers Complain More Fiercely Through Small-Screen Devices: The Role of Spatial Crowding Perception

Journal of Service Research ◽

10.1177/1094670520904408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 353-367

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Zhou ◽

Bin Tian ◽

Tingting Mo ◽

Zhuoying Fei

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Screen Size ◽

Design Elements ◽

Perception Theory ◽

Fourth Experiment ◽

Complaint Behavior ◽

The Relationship ◽

Small Screen

Previous research has mainly focused on the determinants of consumers’ complaint channel choices. Little attention has been paid to the behavioral consequences of different complaint channels, particularly different complaint devices. Drawing on spatial crowding perception theory, this study finds that in an online complaint context, consumers’ complaint intensity is shaped by complaint devices that differ in screen size. Crowding perception produced by visually restrictive tension mediates the relationship between the screen size of the complaint device and the complaint intensity. The results of secondary data confirm that consumers’ complaint intensity is higher while complaining through a small-screen device (as opposed to a large-screen one). Three scenario-based experiments are conducted to examine the role of perceived spatial crowding in producing a more intense complaint behavior when complaints are submitted through smaller screen devices (as opposed to larger screen devices). The fourth experiment reveals that crowding perception can be lessened by adjusting certain design elements of the interface, ultimately mitigating the intensity of the complaint submitted through a small-screen device. Our research identifies the specific causality and underlying mechanism of the influence of device type on consumers’ postconsumption behavior, thus contributing to clarify some ambiguities in the literature.

IMPACT OF DIVIDEND PAYOUT ON FIRM’S PERFORMANCE UNDER LOW GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2021.93114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1156-1165

Author(s):

Taymoor Ali ◽

Muhammad Kashif Khurshid ◽

Adnan Ali Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Stock Exchange ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Manufacturing Firms ◽

Growth Opportunities ◽

Dividend Payout ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Purpose of the study: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship of the dividend payout on a firm's performance under low growth opportunities from the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Methodology: A sample of 251 firms out of 378 manufacturing firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), have been carefully chosen for the era of ten years from 2006 to 2015. The secondary data was obtained from the firm’s web financials and analysis of financial statements, published by the statistics department of the State Bank of Pakistan. For the persistence of investigation panel data (fixed effect) analyses were employed in this study. Main Findings: The fallouts of the analysis revealed that the dividend payout ratio has an insignificant relationship with the firm's performance in the low growth perspectives of the study. Applications of this study: The findings of the study are helpful for the financial managers of the firms facing low growth opportunities. Furthermore, the investors in capital markets can use the findings of this while investing. The originality of this study: The study focussed on the role of low growth opportunities while studying the nexus of dividend pay-out and the firm’s financial performance which inherits the novelty and originality of the study.

Effect of compensation on employee performance towards motivation as mediation variable

International Research Journal of Management IT and Social Sciences ◽

10.21744/irjmis.v6n5.711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 134-143

Author(s):

Intan Candradewi ◽

I Gst. A. Manuati Dewi

Keyword(s):

Employee Performance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Sample Technique ◽

Saturated Sample ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The purpose of this study was to analyze and explain the role of mediation motivation in the relationship of compensation to employee performance at Wisma Prashanti Hospital. The population in this study were employees of Wisma Prashanti Hospital with a total sample of 83 respondents. The sampling technique is carried out is a saturated sample technique, the entire population is used as a sample. The research instrument used a questionnaire and analysis method using Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.2 software. The results showed (1) compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (2) compensation has a positive and significant effect on motivation (3) motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (4) motivation mediates partially and positively and significantly on the relationship between compensation and employee performance. The implications of the results of this study indicate that compensation is found to be a major factor in improving employee performance.

Ecossistemas de inovação das universidades federais brasileiras: um mapeamento dos núcleos de inovação tecnológica, incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica e parques tecnológicos

International Journal of Innovation ◽

10.5585/iji.v7i3.66 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 341-358

Author(s):

Rafael Morais Pereira ◽

Humberto Rodrigues Marques ◽

Rodrigo Gava

Keyword(s):

Technological Innovation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Innovation Systems ◽

Simple Linear Regression ◽

Technological Structure ◽

Technology Parks ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Technological innovation as an engine for development requires a structural apparatus to its consolidation, reinforcing the approach of innovation systems, with emphasis on the role of universities. Therefore, considering that associated with this potential are present several innovative elements, such as the Technological Innovation Centers (NITs), the incubators of technology-based companies (IEBTs) and Technology Parks (ParqTecs), and given the lack of systematization National these instruments, the ultimate goal of this study was to analyze the environment for innovation in Brazilian federal universities, through the mapping of NITs, the IEBTs and ParqTecs associated with these institutions, further outlining the relationship of these instruments with technological variables (technological scholarships and patents). We used a qualitative and quantitative approach, descriptive nature, with collection of secondary data on institutional sites of universities and the adoption of simple linear regression analysis. The results realized all 63 Brazilian federal universities and revealed that the most widespread instrument between universities are the NITs, since its presence in 86% of the analyzed institutions. Have business incubators, idealized to strengthen interaction in innovation systems, are associated with 68% of universities, enabling regional development contexts. In relation to technology parks, it was found that, depending on the expenditure required for its implementation, only 26 universities are integrated into ParqTecs. The contributions of this study are concentrated in addition to the mapping done in highlighting the distinctions between the Brazilian regions in terms of scientific and technological structure and the importance of innovation ecosystems.

Pendekatan Pluralisme Hukum dalam Studi Hukum Adat: Interaksi Hukum Adat dengan Hukum Nasional dan Internasional

Undang Jurnal Hukum ◽

10.22437/ujh.4.1.81-124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 81-124

Author(s):

Sartika Intaning Pradhani

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Legal Pluralism ◽

Legal Order ◽

Forum Shopping ◽

Information Communication ◽

Social Field ◽

Communication And Technology ◽

The Relationship ◽

Adat Law

Scientific study on adat law starts from empirical research, which finds that adat law does not stand alone but works together with other legal orders. This paper is written based on normative legal research by collecting secondary data to answer (1) how legal pluralism explains adat law and adat law community; and (2) how the application of legal pluralism approach in adat law study. The legal pluralism approach explains adat law not as an isolated/marginalized legal order but as a dynamic legal order which interacts with national and international law. From the perspective of legal pluralism, the adat law community is a semi-autonomous social field that produces rules from the interplay between the adat law community and other legal communities/institutions. Categorization of legal pluralism approach application are as follow: first, weak legal pluralism where state law recognizes adat law either by law and regulation or court decision; second, strong legal pluralism which describes through the semi-autonomous social field, shopping forum, and forum shopping concept; third, legal pluralism multi-sited which explain the relationship between legal phenomena in local, national, and international level; and elaborate the role of information, communication, and technology which bridges legal phenomenon from one to another. Abstrak Kajian ilmiah terhadap hukum adat berangkat dari penelitian lapangan yang menemukan bahwa hukum adat tidak pernah berdiri sendiri dan selalu berinteraksi dengan tertib hukum yang lain. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder berupa laporan-laporan penelitian dan artikel jurnal untuk untuk menjawab (1) bagaimana pendekatan pluralisme hukum menjelaskan hukum adat dan masyarakat hukum adat; dan (2) bagaiamana pendekatan pluralisme hukum digunakan dalam studi hukum adat hari ini. Pendekatan pluralisme hukum memahami hukum adat tidak sebagai suatu ketertiban hukum yang terpisah atau termarginalisasi dari ketertiban hukum yang lain, tetapi secara dinamis terus berinteraksi dengan hukum nasional maupun internasional. Dari perspektif pluralisme hukum, masyarakat hukum adat merupakan suatu wilayah sosial semi otonom yang melahirkan hukum berdasarkan hubungan saling memengaruhi dengan masyarakat hukum lain. Penerapan pendekatan pluralisme hukum dalam studi hukum adat dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga kategori. Pertama, pluralisme hukum lemah di mana negara mengakui hukum adat baik melalui peraturan perundang-undangan maupun putusan pengadilan. Kedua, pluralisme hukum kuat yang dideskripsikan melalui konsep wilayah sosial semi-otonom, forum shopping, dan shopping forum. Terakhir, pluralisme hukum multi-sited yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan berbagai fenomena hukum antara hukum adat (lokal), nasional, dan internasional serta peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam menjembatani hubungan tersebut.

Makna Kekerabatan Dalam Budaya Lonto Leok Pada Proses Pilkada Di Manggarai Barat

LONTAR Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi ◽

10.30656/lontar.v9i1.3116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

Benedictus Simangunsong ◽

Felisianus N. Rahmat

Keyword(s):

Political Process ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Literature Study ◽

Election Process ◽

The Everyday ◽

Kinship Ties ◽

The Relationship ◽

Depth Interviews

Abstrak Budaya memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam politik karena menjadi cerminan masyarakat dalam menentukan sikap dan pilihan politik atau membentuk karakteristik masyarakat dalam berpolitik. Contoh dari hubungan antara budaya dan politik bisa tergambarkan pada isu kekerabatan pada pilkada Manggarai Barat 2020 yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Fenomena kekerabatan yang dimaksud adalah adanya kecenderungan dari masyarakat Manggarai Barat pada umumnya untuk memilih pemimpin yang seasal atau karena faktor kekerabatan dan kekeluargaan atau dikenal sebagai budaya lonto leok yang masih kuat mempengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat termasuk politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma interpretif dengan metode penelitian Fenomenologi. Adapun pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan data primer yaitu melakukan wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi serta data sekunder berupa studi kepustakaan. Wawancara dilakukan kepada para informan yang melakukan lonto leok menjelang Pilkada Mabar Tahun 2020 dan juga pada pilkada-pilkada sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna kekerabatan dalam budaya lonto leok pada proses pilkada di Manggarai Barat adalah kebersamaan dan ketergantungan. Sementara peran budaya lonto leok dalam proses politik adalah pada saat pengambilan keputusan dan menumbuhkan ikatan kekerabatan. Kata kunci: Budaya, Politik, Kekerabatan, Lonto Leok, fenomenologi, makna kekerabatan Abstract Culture plays a very important role in politics because it reflects the everyday life of society in determining political attitudes and choices or shaping the characteristics of society in politics. One of them many examples about the relationship between culture and politics can be illustrated in the issue of kinship in the 2020 West Manggarai regional election discussed in this study. The kinship phenomenon in question is the tendency of the West Manggarai community in general to choose leaders who are in the same kinship and it is known as the lonto leok culture which still strongly influences people's life, including politics. This study uses an interpretive paradigm with phenomenological research methods. The research data collection was carried out with primary data, namely conducting in-depth interviews and documentation and secondary data in the form of literature study. Interviews were conducted with informants who conducted lonto leok ahead of the 2020 Mabar Pilkada and also in the previous pilkada. The results showed that the meaning of kinship in the lonto leok culture in the election process in West Manggarai was togetherness and dependence. Meanwhile, the role of lonto leok culture in the political process is at the time of making decisions and fostering kinship ties. Keywords: Culture, Politics, Kinship, Lonto Leok, phenomenology, meaning of kinship

The Influence of Charismatic Leadership Communication Towards the Credibility of Public Organisation in Malaysia

Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication ◽

10.17576/jkmjc-2021-3704-23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 405-426

Author(s):

Jamilah Jamal ◽

◽

Hassan Abu Bakar ◽

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Charismatic Leadership ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Leadership Communication ◽

The Public ◽

Public Organisation ◽

Task Oriented ◽

The Relationship ◽

The credibility of public organisation as the source of information often receives negative intuition and misinterpretation from the public at large. Since credibility of public organisation is very much related to public trust, scholars have focused on antecedents of organisational credibility such as leadership constructs to restore trust and confidence among the public. Yet not much research has investigated the role of charismatic leadership communication in building and establishing organisational credibility of the public organisation. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between charismatic leadership communication and the influence of its three dimensions (task oriented, enthusiasm and empathy) with organisational credibility of public organisation in Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative approach to measure participants' perception on their organisational leadership communication and credibility. A total of 368 public organisation employees which were selected through stratified random sampling participated in the survey. The hypothesis of this study was tested using Pearson correlation to examine the relationship between the constructs, whereas multiple regression was used to examine the variance of each dimension of charismatic leadership communication on organisational credibility. The finding reveals that there is a significant relationship between charismatic leadership communication and public organisation credibility, while task-oriented communication appears to be the most significant dimension influencing the credibility of Malaysia public organisation. The implication of the study suggested that public organisational credibility is influenced by the way the information was delivered by the organisation through its charismatic leaders. Theoretical and practical contributions were advanced in this study. Keywords: Charismatic leadership communication, empathy, enthusiasm, task-related communication, organizational credibility.

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IMPROVES THE FIRM PERFORMANCE IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN CHINA

The Singapore Economic Review ◽

10.1142/s0217590821500788 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

YONGLIANG YANG ◽

LILI DING ◽

YI LI

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Average Treatment Effect ◽

Small Scale ◽

Positive Role ◽

Firm Level ◽

Innovation Ability ◽

This research develops a difference-in-differences (DID) model to explore the relationship between environmental policy (The Measures for the Administration of Permits for the Discharge of Key Water Pollutants in the Huaihe and Taihu River Basins, MAPD) and the performance of firms involved in the paper and paper products industry (MPP) in China. Cost and innovation are introduced as mediators to explore the mediating effects. A firm-level dataset from 1998 to 2007 is adopted for empirical study. The findings support the positive role of the MAPD, and the average treatment effect is 0.016.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the MAPD exerts a positive impact on non-state-owned and small-scale enterprises, with coefficients of 0.018 and 0.021, respectively. Moreover, MAPD increases enterprise costs harming firm performance. On the other hand, it can promote firm performance by improving innovation ability.