scholarly journals An Evaluation Of Indicators Of Socio-Economic Deprivation: A Case Study Of The Slums Of Karachi, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Kaneez Fatima Mamdani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level

In Pakistan more than one third of its population continues to live below the poverty line (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2013). Recent research has shown that poverty is wide spread in both urban and rural areas and it is not only rural phenomenon. Since the past few decades, Karachi has experienced an inflow of migrants from all parts of Pakistan in search of better opportunities. Karachi has about 650 katchi abadis (squatter settlements) which are home to 50% of city’s population (Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority 2006). The objective of this study is to measure and analyse the nature and level of socio-economic deprivation as well as to find out the different forms of socio-economic deprivation. It is an exploratory cross-sectional study. Primary data is collected from 497 households of seven katchi abadis of Karachi to study the problem. Statistical tools of analysis i.e. coefficients of variance are used to analyse the relationship between two variables and indices of multiple deprivation are constructed to compute the different domains and levels of deprivation. It is evident from the outcomes of the findings of domains of deprivation that the significant proportion of population of Katchi Abadis i.e. approximately 50% of the households suffers from multiple deprivation. The findings emphasize that all settlements have deprivation in all domains (education, economic, housing quality and housing services deprivation, health deprivation); however each settlement has different issues and concerns priority wise. Index of multiple deprivation show 49% of households living below poverty line (US$ 1.25) experience multiple deprivation. The findings also reveal that 60% of households highly to moderately deprived as regards to levels of deprivation while 40% has low deprivation level. In order to increase the standard of living on the grass-root level, “Living Wages” should be used as the standard to measure people’s socio-economic wellbeing instead “Poverty” to maintain a decent standard of living for families of different sizes. Policies should be designed to decrease the level of unemployment on a scale needed for long term poverty alleviation, by creating environment that is conducive to private economic activity at the grass root level.

Analysis of Incidence and Determinants of Poverty Among Scheduled Caste Households in Rural Punjab

Social Change ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-557
Author(s):  
Neha Jain ◽  
Gian Singh ◽  
Rupinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Minimum Standard

The present article attempts to analyse the incidence and determinants of poverty among Scheduled Caste (SC) households in rural Punjab. The study based on the primary data of 543 SC households selected from rural areas of Punjab, concluded that the incidence of consumption-based poverty among different categories is slightly less than the incidence of income-based poverty among different categories of SCs across sampled districts. One explanation for this is that SC households try to maintain a minimum standard of living by taking loans from various institutional as well as non-institutional agencies. There is a negative relationship between the income earned by SC households and the percentage of those living below the poverty line (BPL). The study suggests that the proportion of SCs living BPL can decrease with an increase in their level of income and employment.

Decentralization and Primary Education Service Delivery

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-188
Author(s):  
M. Venkataraman ◽  
Eyob Keno
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Teacher Attrition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community People ◽  
Trained Manpower

Ethiopia’s post 1991 decentralization drive is fairly a recent phenomenon borne out of the realization that devolution of political powers to constituent units would be the best alternative in ensuring development. The move, which was also inevitable given the history of a little over two decades of authoritarian rule in the country, was deepened culminating in the launching of District Level Decentralization Programme (dldp) in 2001 in order to enhance the scope and quality of the delivery of social services to the grass root level communities. This article aims to assess the extent of service delivery with education sector as its focus taking the case of two selected Woredas from Oromo Nationality Zone of Amhara National Regional State and find out constraints if any on the provision of the same. Using primary data collected from sampled population of the two Woredas, the article analyzes how far Ethiopia’s decentralization drive has produced the desired results in terms of performance of the woredas in service delivery and thereby benefiting the concerned community people at large. The findings of the study reveal that although there have been significant improvements made in extending educational service delivery in the two woredas, the quality of it is constrained in view of existing challenges such as lack of adequate financial support, trained manpower, increasing rate of teacher attrition, lack of adequate participation by the community and planning and these have to be tackled with in order that meaningful devolution of powers at the grass root level is assured.

scholarly journals Digital Divide and Poverty Eradication in the Rural Region of Northern Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Sharifah Rohayah Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

 One of the ways to eliminate poverty is through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) that is often promoted as central to reviving and sustaining regional communities. In the context of Malaysia, however, the level of communication in urban and rural areas has seen a gap in terms of access to ICTs. Though various initiatives are taken to close the digital gaps, more efforts are needed. This paper intends to explore the extent to which ICTs in rural areas of northern Peninsular Malaysia are able to raise the socio-economic development of the communities. Using questionnaires and in-depth interviews, emphasis is given to analyze the role of ICTs in poverty reduction processes upholding regional developments. It has been observed that solving common causes for the communities’ access and socio-economic growth needs strategic implementation of policies at the central core and pragmatic implementation of actions at the grass root level.

scholarly journals Zakah Collection and Distribution Management: A Case Study of MAIDAM in Terengganu

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
Shahirah binti Mat Shaari
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Line ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Direct Payments

Zakah is one of the systems to promote wealth-sharing among the Muslims in assuring a minimum standard of living for them. The problems associated with the distribution of zakah and poverty are damaging the performance and achievement of the zakah institution itself. The statistics on the distribution of zakah shows that the poor and extreme poor in Terengganu has been increased over the last few years. In addition, there are people who pay zakah directly to the asnaf while such payments of zakah are not being recorded. Thus, an efficient management for zakah in terms of collection and distribution can contribute to the achievement of the utmost objective of zakah. This qualitative mode of study investigates the activities of zakah collection and distribution that are being practiced by MAIDAM. This study uses the semi-structured interviews to collect the primary data. The study interviews the staff from the Majlis Agama Islam Dan Adat Melayu (Islamic Religious Council and Malay Customs), known as MAIDAM, whereby several issues have been asked and discussed to achieve the objectives. MAIDAM is the only organization that collects and distributes zakah in Terengganu. The study finds that MAIDAM has been using several channels for the zakah payers to make direct payments to MAIDAM. Besides, MAIDAM has collaborations with other organizations to distribute the funds effectively. The study posits that zakah is to be distributed in sustainable modes such as in a form of small financing for needy SMEs to achieve the objective of eradicating poverty line and minimizing income inequality.

scholarly journals Income, Migration and Social Adjustment of Tribal People in Tripura- A Case Study of ‘Tripuri’ Tribe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Das ◽  
Madhushree Das
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Good Schools ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between income, migration and social adjustment of the migrated tribal people with special reference to the ‘Tripuri’ tribe of Tripura, India, with the help of primary data collected from structured interviews using purposive sampling technique. The study reveals that the tribal people who migrated from their native places (rural areas) to urban areas, usually suburbs, have a better economic condition and a decent standard of living. Their livelihood patterns have changed after they have migrated to the urban areas. Here, their income levels have also increased along with expenditure. They live in small houses consuming less land, than they did in their native lands. Their standard of living is much below what they have expected before their decision to migrate. They find it difficult to adjust with the local people and the surroundings. The nature of the employment in urban areas is such that the doors of the organised sector do not open to them easily. They are always last to be hired and first to be fired, and they usually get ill-paid jobs and do not have opportunities for education and training. Their children do not get adequate facilities to enrol in the good schools as the cost of living in the urban areas are very high. They are struggling hard socially and culturally to adapt and adjust in the new milieu far from their lush green land. 

Effect of Urea-molasses Multinutrient Block Supplementation on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Rural Buffalo Farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Nimbalkar ◽  
H.K. Verma ◽  
Jaswinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Productivity Enhancement

Background: Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) have an immense importance in rural economy by virtue of their high production potential as triple purpose animal. Application of scientific technologies can further lead to significant productivity enhancement in buffaloes. Hence, the study was aimed to investigate adoption and effect of urea-molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) supplementation on buffalo productivity in rural areas of Punjab, India. Methods: An expost-facto research design was employed to collect data from selected buffalo farmers (N-501) through personal interview by using pretested research instrument. Based on the response, the buffalo farms were categorized as technology adopter farms (TAF) and non-adopter farms (TNAF). The effect of UMMB supplementation on productivity was evaluated by considering various productive and reproductive parameters of buffaloes. Both parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were employed to analyse the data by using SPSS software. Result: The results indicated that the buffalo farms (36.93%; 185/501) following an additional supplementation with UMMB had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher average daily milk yield per animal and lowered values of all reproductive parameters. This has proved the viability of UMMB technology at buffalo farms in study area. The study revealed that the technology plays valuable role in buffalo productivity enhancement, hence should be recommended to the government and propagated through vigorous activities at grass-root level to improve adoption.

Socio-Economic Status of Milk Producers of Primary Milk Societies: A Case Study

Think India ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Suraj M. Popker ◽  
Guntur Anjana Raju
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Perception Of Quality ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Dairy Milk

Dairy development program plays a vital role in the socio-economic conditions of the rural people. Higher demand for milk means adding larger number of high-breed milk producing cattle to the milk population. A large part of this cattle population is owned and reared in rural areas. Thus, small marginal farmers and landless agricultural laborers play a very important role in milk production of the country. Dairy farming can also be centered where the demand for milk is high. The co-operative movement for milk was started in India in the last decade of the nineteenth century with two objectives in view-protecting the farmers from the hands of the private money lenders and improving their economic condition. This paper endeavors to understand the socio-economic status of milk producers of primary milk societies. To study socio-economic status of milk producers, 90 milk supplying members from seven dairy primary societies out of fourteen societies having membership of 1027 were considered. Primary data were collected through schedule questionnaire, for the purpose of conducted survey only milk supplying members were selected by way of random sampling method. The primary data is processed by using SPSS package for drawing necessary results. The empirical results show that majority of members are above poverty line and 55.6% of them earn between Rs.5000 to 10000 p.m. The study also reveals that nearly 77.8% of the respondents are happy with the dairy business but 60% of them responded that new generation of their family should not continue with the same business. This paper also attempts to focus on a discussion on members perception of quality of services provided by the dairy milk societies in study area. The various aspects considered in the study are: opinion about satisfaction from various services provided by dairy societies, extension services like training, advisory service, education tour, etc..

scholarly journals ICT enabled Technologies issues in implementation (especially in perspective of Uttrakhand Rural Areas)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Abhay Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Communication And Technology

Information Communication & Technology makes the entire world a Global Village. The high speed connectivity, communication and technology are turn out to be a magic wand for the human progress and prosperity. But it looks so that this progress is confined with the virtual villages like metros and cities. The semi urban and villages looks far behind from the actuality i.e. implementation of ICT. This Paper is not a critic on the Government efforts. It is merely a survey report to put a thought on the efforts inadequacy, unable to reach up to grass root level. The current study will provide a microscopic view of the ground reality of villages especially in Hardwar district and show reasons why implementation of ICT is not effective over there. The probable solution of implementation of ICT is also worked out in the end.

scholarly journals Averting Maternal Death and Disability : Role of Eoc in Chittagong District

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Rowshan Akhtar ◽  
Afroza Ferdous ◽  
Umme Kulsum ◽  
Syeda Nurjahan Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries ◽  
The People ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level

Objectives of this study are: 1. To find out the number of facitilities providing EmOC services in rural areas of Chittagong district. 2. To assess the proportion of women who deliver at Emoc facilities. 3. To find out the “METNEED” at EmOC facilities. 4. To find out the caesarean deliveries as a proportion of all births at EmOC. 5. To see the “Case fatality rate” which reflects the quality of care & facility performance. This is a retrospective study between January 2009 to December 2009 done in thirteen upazilla health complexes in Chittagong district of population size-52,39,000. Outcome measures are availability of EmOC, Proportion of births in EmOC facilities, Met need, Cesarean deliveries &case fatality rate. About 6.7 & of births take place in Comprensive EmOC facilities and 2.4% in Basic EmOC (i.e. About 9.1% births are institutional). Study shows that “Met Need” is about 18%. Only <0.8% of all births in the population is delivered by casesarean section. In this study case fatality rate is only .067%. This study describes the baseline indicates calculated in different upazillas. In Chittagong only 5 Comprehensive EmOC services are not sufficient to cover the largely populated area. If we expand the Basic EmOC and Comprehensive EmOC we can help the people even in grass root level. JCMCTA 2012; 23(1): 7-10

scholarly journals Decentralization and Town Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Aldo Morka Atnafu
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Town Development ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Decentralized Governance ◽  
Metekel Zone

Decentralized governance offers opportunities for achieving development through good governance and community participation at grass root (Ayenew, 2007).Thus, this study examines the contribution of decentralization for town development and; the opportunities and challenges of wereda decentralization for town development. The study was conducted in two selected Wereda capital towns in Metekel zone, Bulen and GilgelBeles. Data were collected from primary sources with the help of questionnaires, interviews and observation. The primary data were also supported by secondary documents such as federal and regional constitutions, proclamations, regulations, local development plans, official performance reports, and magazines. The data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study revealed that wereda level decentralization actually has influenced development at grass root level in Metekel zone in general, and towns in particular. Better infrastructural provisions (education and health) were witnessed in the towns. This is due to better community participation in decision making process and availability of opportunity to express their interest. Though, more is expected, the financial capacity of towns has also registered progress. However, the situation in urban land delivery does not show an improvement. Partiality, bias, and unaccountability are major hindrances in urban land delivery. The top down hierarchy between town administrations and wereda administrators has become a major challenge for a full exploitation of town resource and administration. Besides, shortage of qualified manpower and weak community participation in development activities were also other factors that have impacted the further performance of towns.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 78-80

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