scholarly journals Rural Women’s Workload: Implications for Socio-Economic Development of Baluchistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed ◽  
Riffat Arshed ◽  
Zeenat Sana Baloch
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Heavy Workload ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cultural Freedom ◽  
Reproductive Activities

This paper is based on the descriptive sample survey carried out mainly to highlight the issues of heavy workload of rural women within the conceptual framework of triple burden in two districts of Pishin and Mastung and also to explore its research and policy implications in the broader context of province. The key findings include: The burden of reproduction is directly related with domestic workload and was found high in both the districts indicating high fertility with serious health implications. Comparatively speaking, Women in Mastung were found to be involved in greater number in economic activities than Pishin reflecting their high level of deprivation and relatively more cultural freedom. Moreover, they have more control over their income indicating their higher degree of empowerment. Spending priorities reflect that women in Mustang give more importance to education and health. The study concludes heavy workload of rural poor women in terms of domestic chore and reproductive activities provides meaningful insights and suggestions to cope with the problem of exploitative workload.

Declining Women Work Participation in Rural India: Trends, Causes and Policy Implications

2022 ◽  
pp. 001946622110635
Author(s):  
Rajendra P. Mamgain ◽  
Khalid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sample Survey

One of the major policy concerns in recent years has been decline in the number of women workers in the Indian labour market. The ‘education’ and ‘income’ effect hypotheses for such decline are generally advocated. Such analyses, however, are limited in their focus. This study attempts to fill up this gap by exclusively focusing on rural women. Using the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data for the years 2004–2005 and 2011–2012 and Periodic Labour Force Survey data for the year 2017–2018, it observes a widespread decline in rural women’s work participation rates (WPRs) across their different social groups, income strata and states in the country albeit at a significantly varying rate. While the major decline in women WPRs in the age-group, 15–24 years has been in favour of education, it has been largely in favour of ‘domestic works’ in the other age-groups. The major decline in women workforce is observed in case of those as not-literates, ‘unpaid family labour’ in agriculture and ‘casual wage labour’ both in farm and non-farm sectors. This is largely due to contraction in self-employment and casual wage works both in farm and non-farm sectors, more so during recent period. This study finds a positive impact of rising household income on women’s WPRs. While education emerges as a significant predictor of women joining workforce, its iteration with their social groups shows differing impact of similar level of education on different caste groups. It offers inputs for policy measures to be aimed at providing decent livelihoods in rural areas in a big scale, with strong focus on reducing caste and gender disparities. JEL Codes: E24, J16, J21, J18

Analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) Melalui Inkuiri Terbimbing Pada Materi Kegiatan Ekonomi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Iis Yeni Sugiarti
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
External Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Trade Competition

Abstrak. Desa Trusmi merupakan sentra batik sekaligus kuliner di Kabupaten Cirebon. Banyaknya pemegang usaha di bidang produksi batik mengakibatkan persaingan dagang diwilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats)  di salah satu usaha batik milik H. Edi Baredi atau sering dikenal dengan EB Batik Tradisional melalui inkuri terbimbing. Analisis meliputi profil usaha, aspek produksi, aspek tenaga kerja, aspek pemasaran dan aspek keuangan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskripstif analisis. Berdasarkan analisis internal dan eksternal analisis SWOT, strategi yang  dilakukan oleh EB Batik Tradisional yaitu menghindari kehilangan penjualan dan profit yang disebabkan banyaknya persaingan dagang di kawasan sentra batik Trusmi dengan munculnya inovasi baru. Penguatan karakter pada produksi batiknya dapat mengatasi pesaingan dagang dan menambah daya tarik pembeli. Kata Kunci: SWOT, Inkuiri Terbimbing, dan Kegiatan Ekonomi Abstract. Trusmi village is a center of batik as well as culinary in Cirebon Regency. A large number of business holders in the field of batik production has resulted in trade competition in the region. This study aims to analyze SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) in one of the batik business owned by H. Edi Baredi or often known as EB Traditional Batik through guided injury. The analysis includes the business profile, production aspects, labor aspects, marketing aspects, and financial aspects. This type of research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. Based on internal and external analysis of the SWOT analysis, the strategy carried out by EB Traditional Batik is to avoid losing sales and profits due to the high level of trade competition in the Trusmi batik center area with the emergence of innovations. Strengthening the character of batik production can overcome trade competition and increase the attractiveness of buyers. Keywords: SWOT, Guided Inquiry, and Economic Activities

(A review) Vegetation and biotopes of the National Park “Narochansky” with the Map of terrestrial vegetation (S. 1 : 60 000) and the Map of biotopes (S. 1 : 60 000)

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Experimental Botany ◽  
High Level

A monograph “Vegetation and biotopes of the “Narochansky” National Park was published in Minsk, Belarus in 2017, edited by A. V. Pugachevsky (Grummo et al., 2017). It includes the Map of terrestrial vegetation (S. 1 : 60 000) and the Map of biotopes (S. 1 : 60 000). Some small-scale maps such as the Map of changes in forest cover of the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016, the Map of forest loss in the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016 and a series of inventory and analytical maps on the basin of the Naroch Lake are given. This monograph can be considered as a small regional Atlas with detailed explanatory texts to the maps. It presents the experience on vegetation mapping accumulated in the Laboratory of Geobotany and Vegetation mapping of the Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Despite some critical comments, mainly concerning the biotope map, this publication of Belarusian geobotanists deserves an approval. They received the full answers to the questions posed: “What do we protect?” and “What is a current state of the vegetation of the National Park and the main trends of its dynamics? Cartographic design is made at a high level; the maps have both scientific and practical importance in the planning of environmental and economic activities.

Innovation in Slovenian tourism organisations

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Maja Uran Maravić ◽  
Dejan Križaj ◽  
Miha Lesjak
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Climate ◽  
High Level ◽  
Innovation Practices ◽  
First Time

The purpose – Slovenian tourism organisations must constantly focus on developing variety innovations for organisations. In this paper, we present a study conducted on innovation practices in Slovenian tourism organisations. Design/methodology – In a survey conducted on Slovenia tourism organisations, we obtained data and identified their innovation performance and the innovation climate in their area of business. There are three main hypothesis tested. Findings – The research sample of 41 organisations found that most innovation in tourism organisations came through the introduction of new services (90%), followed by innovation through new organisational methods (73%), and found a high-level climate for innovation. Worse was its assessment of research activity within organisations and cooperation with external institutions (eg. universities and research institutes) and investment in innovation activities within their research and development. Results obtained from the research showed a mean value for the innovation climate-instrument of 3.83 indicating a high innovation climate for the Slovenian tourism companies included in the sample survey. Mostly, (publicly known as) more innovative active organisations responded to our survey. From such results, we find that tourism organisations included in the survey are aware of the importance of innovation, teaching organisations to communicate well and network with other organisations, are adaptable to change and engaged with their own ideas in support of the organisation's management. Originality of the research – The contribution of the research is that it has applied the generic instrument for measuring innovation climate on tourism and the first time climate is measured in Slovenia.

scholarly journals An analysis of urban renewal decision-making in China from the perspective of transaction costs theory: the case of Chongqing

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1199
Author(s):  
Taozhi Zhuang ◽  
Queena K. Qian ◽  
Henk J. Visscher ◽  
Marja G. Elsinga
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Abstract In China, there is a growing number of urban renewal projects due to the rapid growth of the economy and urbanization. To meet the needs of urban development, urban renewal requires a sound decision-making approach involving various stakeholder groups. However, current urban renewal decision-making is criticized for poor efficiency, equity, and resulting in many unintended adverse outcomes. It is claimed that high-level transaction costs (e.g., a great deal of time spent on negotiation and coordination) are the factors hidden behind the problems. However, few studies have analyzed urban renewal decision-making in a transaction costs perspective. Using the case of Chongqing, this paper aims at adopting transaction costs theory to understand the administrative process of urban renewal decision-making in China. This research focuses on four key stakeholder groups: municipal government, district government, local administrative organizations, and the consulting parties. A transaction costs analytical framework is established. First, the decision-making stages of urban renewal and involved key stakeholder groups are clarified. Second, the transactions done by different stakeholder groups in each stage is identified, thus to analyze what types of transaction costs are generated. Third, the relative levels of transaction costs among different stakeholder groups were measured based on the interview. The empirical analysis reveals how transaction costs occur and affect urban renewal decision-making. Finally, policy implications were proposed to reduce transaction costs in order to enhance urban renewal.

scholarly journals A Framework for Property Developers to Survive in a Recession

10.29007/cfr2 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zunoon Parambath ◽  
Nilupa Udawatta
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Property Developers

Recession is considered as a major threat to the economy as it slows down economic activities. The property development sector is extremely responsive to these economic conditions. Thus, it is crucial to understand causes, effects and strategies for property developers to survive in a recession without any ill effects. Thus, this research aimed to develop a framework for property developers to identify appropriate survival strategies in recession. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in this research to achieve the above mentioned aim. The results of this study indicated that recession prompts negative impacts on property development sector resulting in unemployment, lower demand, production and revenue, decline in resources and high level of competition. According to the results, the survival strategies were classified into short-term and long-term strategies. The short term strategies include: implementing management tactics, cut down of operating costs, keeping financing lines set up, timely repayment of debts, setting vital new objectives for the future, undertaking shorter time span developments, specialisation in favoured market, renegotiating deals and contracts. The long-term strategies include retrenchment, restructuring, investment and ambidextrous strategies. Similarly, attention should be paid to predict any changes in the economic environment that can influence property development activities and it is necessary to carefully evaluate investment activities to increase sales, profits and market shares of property developers. Preparing for a crisis is doubtlessly the ideal approach as it can facilitate both survival and growth. Thus, the property developers can implement these suggested strategies in their businesses to enhance their practices.

scholarly journals SUATU PENDEKATAN ANALISIS MULTIVARIAT TENTANG TINGKAT KELAHIRAN PADA BEBERAPA KELOMPOK DAN ETNIS WANITA PERNAH KAWIN DI IRIAN JAYA

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter J. Soumokil
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Lower Fertility

It has been argued by many demographers that socio economic development with its associated fundamental changes in the role of women and the value of children is the dominant factor in the transition from high to low fertility. Research in less developed countries has found lower fertility levels in urban population compared to rural population. It was therefore assumed that the modernizing role of urbanlife helped bring about a decline infertility levels.This study in Irian Jaya, however, convincingly shows that fertility of urban women in Irian Jaya is higher than that of rural women. This differential infertility in favour of urban women in Irian Jaya appears to be real and not a result of underreporting of total live births in rural areas.The reasons for lower fertility in the rural areas in IrianJaya remain unknown, and more research is therefore needed. However, this study strongly suggests that the traditional system of swidden agricultyure in Irian Jaya, which places a highvalue on the labour input of women, may play a major role in constraining fertility in rural area of this province. On the other hand, high fertility in urban areas takes place because urbanwomen have their first birth earlier thanwomen inthe rural areas.

scholarly journals An Empirical Assessment of Participation and Decision Making by Rural Women in Agriculture and Livestock Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 009-012
Author(s):  
Rashmi Chaudhary ◽  
◽  
Yasmin Janjhua ◽  
Avineet ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Women In Agriculture ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Selection Of

Women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural economic activities in all developing countries. Even though women contribute 60 to 80% of the labour in agriculture and animal husbandry, their involvement in selection of suitable crops and adoption of innovative and good management practices is very low. The study reported that sampled women respondents have shown participation in all the selected agriculture and livestock activities excluding marketing and financial management. The study put forth that very less households witness female participation in agriculture and livestock activities related decision making. Some of the important reasons for their subdued role in decision making in agricultural production could be lack of awareness about new opportunities and modern technologies, inadequate facilities for training and capacity building and poor access to extension workers for consultation whenever needed.

scholarly journals Economic Valuation Methods: The Perception of the Accountants of the Hydroeletric Power Sector in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lima Marques ◽  
Aracéli Cristina de S. Ferreira ◽  
Hélio Arthur Irigaray
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Electric Power Sector ◽  
High Level

The aim of the present study was to verify how accountants perceive the electric power companies in Brazil, regarding the use of economic valuation methods for measuring environmental impacts on hydroelectric power generation. These methods would be used in the internalisation of impacts in compliance with accounting theory criteria of recognition, measurement and disclosure of relevant economic activities. This is an exploratory study based on the conclusion regarding the collected data from a questionnaire answered by accountants, who worked in the electric power sector and were members of the Brazilian Electric Power Sector Accountants Association (ABRACONEE). The research showed that 74% of respondents were accountants or accounting analysts, 92% of them believed that companies should account for (internalise) environmental impacts caused by their activities, and 75% of them believed that this task should be based on detailed and specific norms determining what should be done and when and how to do it. Despite their high level of accounting knowledge and complete familiarity with the changes determined by the Brazilian Securities Commission, respondents adopted a conservative stance in relation to the use of estimated values or those obtained in hypothetical markets. The study revealed the existence of a vast field of research that has yet to be explored by accounting in the field of environmental accounting, especially in terms of both measurement and recognition of environmental impacts caused by diverse economic activities.

Effectiveness of non-farm diversification on rural household income – evidence and policy implications from India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Kapoor ◽  
Sanjeev Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Household Incomes

Purpose Doubling farming households’ income through occupational diversification to the non-farm sector has been advocated to be of paramount importance in an agrarian economy such as India. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of non-farm activities on rural household incomes in four different Indian states by using a propensity score matching technique and developing an endogenous switching model. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on secondary data taken from four quinquennial rounds of employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization. Findings The matching results indicate a maximum monthly rise in per capita income of Rs. 60 in Gujarat and a minimum increase of Rs. 18 in Rajasthan among rural households employed in the non-farm sector as compared to the farm sector. The findings confirm that rural non-farm structural diversification cannot be viewed as a blueprint for increasing rural household incomes in different states. Further, it suggests the need to segmenting the different states on the basis of agricultural development for increasing rural incomes. Research limitations/implications The study argues that Indian states with a strongly developed farm sector i.e. Gujarat and Punjab are not ideally suited to undergo structural changes in their economic pursuit. The estimates suggest that the transition of rural households from farm to non-farm-sector activities is a very weak strategy in agriculturally developed states of Gujarat and Punjab, whereas non-farm diversification becomes a pivotal strategy for increasing rural household incomes in less agriculturally developed states such as Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. A contrasting point that arises from these evidence is that although diversification to the non-farm sector leads to higher income, but the resultant figures are very scanty. Originality/value The present study contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence and policy implications on rural non-farm diversification in India and its impact on the rural household income. The study can help the policymakers in framing policies aiming at increasing the income of the rural household through the structural transition of the rural economy.

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