scholarly journals On Ciphers that Continuously Access the Non-Volatile Key

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Mikhalev ◽  
Frederik Armknecht ◽  
Christian Müller
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Non Volatile Memory ◽  
Volatile Memory ◽  
Encryption Decryption ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Memory Techniques

Due to the increased use of devices with restricted resources such as limited area size, power or energy, the community has developed various techniques for designing lightweight ciphers. One approach that is increasingly discussed is to use the cipher key that is stored on the device in non-volatile memory not only for the initialization of the registers but during the encryption/decryption process as well. Recent examples are the ciphers Midori (Asiacrypt’15) and Sprout (FSE’15). This may on the one hand help to save resources, but also may allow for a stronger key involvement and hence higher security. However, only little is publicly known so far if and to what extent this approach is indeed practical. Thus, cryptographers without strong engineering background face the problem that they cannot evaluate whether certain designs are reasonable (from a practical point of view) which hinders the development of new designs.In this work, we investigate this design principle from a practical point of view. After a discussion on reasonable approaches for storing a key in non-volatile memory, motivated by several commercial products we focus on the case that the key is stored in EEPROM. Here, we highlight existing constraints and derive that some designs, based on the impact on their throughput, are better suited for the approach of continuously reading the key from all types of non-volatile memory. Based on these findings, we improve the design of Sprout for proposing a new lightweight stream cipher that (i) has a significantly smaller area size than almost all other stream ciphers and (ii) can be efficiently realized using common non-volatile memory techniques. Hence, we see our work as an important step towards putting such designs on a more solid ground and to initiate further discussions on realistic designs.

Towards a New Model of Conversion Careers: the Impact of Personality and Contingency Factors

Exchange ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Gooren
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe central question of this article — why people may change their religious affiliation or become disaffiliated — is relevant from both an academic and a practical point of view. The article makes first an inventory of existing literature on religious conversion. Next I sketch the contours of the new conversion careers approach I am currently working on. I make some comparisons with a region that is not usually mentioned in the literature on conversion: Latin America. These comparisons are based on my earlier fieldwork on Roman Catholicism, Pentecostalism, and Mormonism in Costa Rica and Guatemala (H. Gooren, Rich among the Poor: Church, Firm, and Household among Small-scale Entrepreneurs in Guatemala City, Amsterdam: Thela Thesis 1999).

scholarly journals The theory of photographic processes, part II: On the chemical dynamics of development, including the microscopy of the image

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (509) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Dynamics ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Previous Communication ◽  
The One

The investigation of development described in a previous communication was extended by the application of microscopic methods. The fact that both the silver haloid and the resulting silver are distributed through the film in the form of particles of minute but measurable size, allows us in this way to detect finer qualitative differences in, and to draw independent deductions on the processes of exposure and development. The size of the grain is important, both from the practical point of view and from the theoretical: in the one case as bearing on spectroscopical and astronomical photography, in the other on account of the great importance of the degree of surface-extension for heterogeneous systems. The method has been used previously by Abney, Abegg, Kaiserling, Ebert, and others, but by far the most systematic and important inquiry is that of K. Schaum and V. Bellach.

scholarly journals Antonio Chamorro Daza (1903-2003): Scientific production during the first years of exile (1937-1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 (106(812)) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
E. Barranco-Castillo ◽  
I. Melgares-Moreno ◽  
F. Girón-Irueste
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Metasearch Engine ◽  
Almost All

Objetives: The main aim of our work is to highlight the importance of Chamorro’s discoveries in the fields of endocrinology, gynaecology, reproduction and oncology. Methods: Evaluation of the bibliometric impact of Chamorro’s work using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Gallica. Results: Between 1937 and 1945 Chamorro carried out important research work, the results of which provided valuable discoveries about the activity of the main endocrine glands. Discussion: To achieve our objective, Google Scholar has been the most profitable metasearch engine from a practical point of view, having recognized almost all of the articles published by Chamorro, although having ignored some of them it could be thought that the overall impact of this author is higher than that which has been found. Conclusions: These findings were reflected in the most prestigious journals and widely disseminated in U.S. research institutions, amongst others. In Spain, however, they were ignored. Maybe it’s time to spread it.

scholarly journals Quality of Life Philosophy V. Seizing the Meaning of Life and Becoming Well Again

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1210-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Ventegodt ◽  
Niels Jørgen Andersen ◽  
Joav Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Life Philosophy ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Taking Responsibility

This paper presents a positive philosophy of life developed to support and inspire patients to take more responsibility for their own lives and to draw more efficiently on their known or hidden resources. The idea is that everybody can become wiser, use themselves better, and thus improve quality of life, subjective health, and the ability to function.To be responsible means to see yourself as the cause of your own existence and state of being. To be the one who forms your own life to your liking, so that others do not shape it in the way they prefer to see you. Seen this way, taking responsibility in practice is one of the most difficult things to do. One of the greatest and most difficult things to do in this context is to be able to love. To be the one who loves, instead of being the one who demands love, care, awareness, respect, and acceptance from somebody else.Since almost all of us have had parents who maybe loved us too little and mostly conditionally, we all harbor a deep yearning to be loved as we are, unconditionally. A lot of our energy is spent trying to find recognition and acceptance, more or less as we did as children from our parents, who created the framework and defined the rules of the game. But today, reality is different. We have grown up and now life is about shaping our own existence. So we must be the ones who love. This is what responsibility is all about. Taking responsibility is, quite literally, moving the barriers in our lives inside ourselves. Taking responsibility for life means that you are willing to see that the real barriers are not all these external ones, but something that can be found within yourself. Of course there is an outside world that cannot be easily shaped according to your dreams. But a responsible point of view is that although it is difficult, the problem is not impossible; it is your real challenge and task. If there is something you really want, you can achieve it, but whether it happens depends on your wholehearted, goal-oriented, and continuous attempts. This paper describes the philosophy about seizing the meaning of life and becoming well again, even when there is little time left.

The Historiographical Legacy of Salo Wittmayer Baron: The Medieval Period

AJS Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Robert Chazan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Salo Wittmayer Baron on the study of the history of the Jews during the Middle Ages has been enormous. This impact has, in part, been generated by Baron's voluminous writings, in particular his threevolume The Jewish Community and–even more so–his eighteen-volume Social and Religious History of the Jews. Equally decisive has been Baron's influence through his students and his students' students. Almost all researchers here in North America currently engaged in studying aspects of medieval Jewish history can surely trace their intellectual roots back to Salo Wittmayer Baron. In a real sense, many of Baron's views have become widey assumed starting points for the field, ideas which need not be proven or irgued but are simply accepted as givens. Over the next decade or decades, hese views will be carefully identified and reevaluated. At some point, a major study of Baron's legacy, including his influence on the study of medieval Jewish history, will of necessity eventuate. Such a study will have, on the one hand, its inherent intellectual fascination; at the same time, it will constitute an essential element in the next stages of the growth of the field, as it inevitably begins to make its way beyond Baron and his twentieth-century ambience.

scholarly journals Polish energy security in the oil sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 02015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Olkuski ◽  
Adam Szurlej ◽  
Barbara Tora ◽  
Miłosz Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Almost all crude oil used in Poland is imported. The domestic production meets less than 4% of needs; therefore, to ensure the security of supplies, Poland relies heavily on imports. It is worth mentioning, however, that Poland has crude oil resources oil fields are located in the Carpathians, Polish Lowlands, and in the economic zone of the Baltic Sea. For years, crude oil is imported mainly from the East, however, a significant change in this approach, leading to an increase in seaborne oil supplies, has been observed in recent years. In 2017, 77.3% of crude oil was imported from Russia, while the rest was supplied from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Norway, and Kazakhstan. Increasing the diversification of supplies is, of course, a very positive phenomenon, because it allows reducing the dependence on one supplier, which is beneficial from the point of view of energy security. Taking into account a high dependence on oil imports, the article also discusses important factors affecting the global oil market: low investment in the upstream sector, a drastic decline in oil production in Venezuela, the impact of the U.S. embargo on Iran, or depleting oil reserves.

Psychomotor retardation in major depressive disorder: A dimension to be rediscovered?

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (S3) ◽  
pp. 579-579
Author(s):  
T. Mauras
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Psychomotor Slowing ◽  
Psychomotor Activity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Psychomotor activity is one of the traits we most immediately perceive in others. Psychomotor slowing, which can be easily noticed on a first medical examination, is a symptom which may be prodromal of psychic disturbances.Historically, psychomotor retardation is a characteristic attached to depression, especially melancholia. Some studies show that psychomotor retardation is associated with good therapeutic prognosis, including positive response to electro-convulsivo-therapy. The cluster of non-verbal symptoms includes both basic aspects related to motor behavior such as attitudes and movements and more complex aspects such as goal-directed behaviors. We will see that this intuitive and fundamental dimension of clinical depression is not homogeneous. From a motor point of view, hypo-bradykinesia in depression may be compared to the one found in cortico-subcortical syndromes such as Parkinson's disease. This comparison suggests that key brain structures such as the basal ganglia could be involved in depression.Moreover, the loss of vital energy is the dominant psychopathological explanation linked to psychomotor retardation. From a phenomenological point of view, this interpretation seems to be relevant but appears disappointing as an experimental variable. However, motivation, understood as the factor that energizes the behavior seems to be an interesting and promising concept.Experimentally, it is possible to measure how much an individual is able to invest energy in order to achieve a goal.The impact of depression on the process of incentive motivation will be analyzed before turning to a description of therapeutic interventions related to psychomotor field such as sports or sensorimotor stimulations that appear to be promising tracks for clinical improvement.

WOMEN‘S STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY: A PERFUMED GHETTO?

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

One of the fields of sociology which is experiencing a dramatic explosion is that catch‐all area of Women's Studies. Books and articles touching on women's experiences in the labour market or in the home, the education of girls or images of femininity, the impact of the law on women or sexism in the social sciences have been proliferating in the last decade. Much of the impetus has been provided by the renascent Women's Movement, and the various academic concerns echo the diverse attacks on the status quo being made by politically active women. The one thing which holds all this material together is an explicit concern to bring women to the centre of the stage in the social sciences, instead of leaving them (as they so often have been) in the wings or with mere walk‐on parts. Taking the woman's point of view is seen as a legitimate corrective to the tendency to ignore women altogether. But is this sufficient to constitute the nucleus of a new speciality within sociology, which is what seems to be happening to ‘Women's Studies’ and ‘feminist’ social science? More seriously, should sociological discussions of women be ghettoised into special courses on women in society? As a preliminary attempt to redress the balance maybe such separate development can be justified, but if that is all that happens, the enriching potential of feminist social science may well be lost to mainstream sociology. It is not just that feminist social scientists want women to be brought in to complete the picture. It is not just that they claim that half the picture is being left unexposed. The claims are often much more ambitious than that: what much feminist writing is attempting is a demonstration of the distortion in the half image which is exposed. An injection of feminist thinking into practically any sociological speciality could lead to a profound re‐orientation of that field. More than this, a feminist approach can indicate the ways in which traditional boundaries between sociological specialities can obscure women and their special position in society. Feminist social scientists throw down the gauntlet on the way in which the field of sociology has traditionally been carved up. But if women's studies are kept in their ghetto, this challenge will be lost: to me, the explicitly critical stance which feminist research takes with respect to mainstream sociology is one of its most exciting qualities, and such research has important insights to contribute to the development of the discipline.

scholarly journals Perspektif Awal Pelajar Terhadap Keperluan Pembelajaran Kolokasi Bahasa Arab di Peringkat Pra-Universiti

2019 ◽  
pp. 394-417
Author(s):  
Amani Nawi ◽  
Nurkhamimi Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Module ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
University Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

Need analysis is the one of necessary proses of identifying the needs in developing educational program or teaching module. The literature studies have indicate that collocation has been one the constraints which prevent learners from mastering the Arabic skills especially in productive skill for example writing and speaking. The main objective of this study is to identify student’s level of collocation knowledge and explain the needs of learning collocation at pre-university level from their perspectives and point of view. Quantitative design using a  questionnaire was selected by the researchers to gather the data and then was analyzed using descriptive statistic to find frequency and percentage. A total of 150 students majoring in Syariah and Laws at Tamhidi Center, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) have participated in this study. The findings show that the majority of students learning Arabic as a second language at pre-university level have less knowledge and awareness about collocation. In fact, the findings also indicated that almost all students having a difficulties concerning words combination in constructing the arabic sentences. ABSTRAK Analisis keperluan merupakan salah satu proses awal untuk mengenal pasti keperluan sesuatu program pembelajaran atau modul  sebelum ia dibangunkan. Kajian literatur telah menunjukkan bahawa kolokasi merupakan salah satu punca yang menyebabkan para  pelajar tidak dapat menguasai kemahiran asas Bahasa Arab dengan baik terutamanya di dalam kemahiran produktif iaitu menulis dan bertutur. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap pengetahuan kolokasi bahasa Arab dalam kalangan pelajar seterusnya mengenal pasti keperluan pembelajaran kolokasi di peringkat pra-universiti daripada pandangan dan persepsi para pelajar. Reka bentuk kuantitatif yang  menggunakan kaedah soal selidik telah dipilih bagi mendapatkan data dan kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif bagi mencari taburan kekerapan dan peratusan. Seramai 150 orang pelajar jurusan Syariah dan Undang-undang Pusat Tamhidi, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) telah mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan majoriti pelajar yang mempelajari bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa kedua di peringkat pra universiti mempunyai kurang pengetahuan dan kesedaran tentang aspek kolokasi. Malah, dapatan kajian turut mendapati bahawa hampir keseluruhan pelajar menghadapi masalah  ketika menggunakan kata yang berkolokasi dengan kata yang lain ketika membina ayat Bahasa Arab.

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