scholarly journals Ganja earthquake of 1139

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Э. Казымова
Keyword(s):  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Nodal Plane ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
The Moment

В данной работе анализируется одно из крупнейших по количеству жертв (погибло около 230 тыс. человек) землетрясений в истории человечества, произошедшее 30 сентября 1139 г. в городе Гянджа (на юго-западе Азербайджана). Интенсивность данного землетрясения достигла 9 балов. В статье приведены исторические данные, представленные в различных атласах и каталогах, рукописях и летописях. С тектонической точки зрения Гянджинское землетрясение произошло на стыке Гейча-Акеринской и Лок-Карабахской зоны Артвин-Карабахской мегазоны, которая охватывает северные хребты Малого Кавказа. Цель работы. С целью исследования сейсмичности и современной геодинамики территории Гянджинского очага был построен график повторяемости за последние 1500 лет и проанализированы механизмы 4-ох очагов землетрясений координаты которых совпадают с исследуемым историческим землетрясением. Вероятность повторения сильного Гянджинского землетрясения 1139 г. в ближайшие 800 лет составила 0,30. Методы исследования. Для вычисления механизмов очага был использован алгоритм по методу инверсии волновых форм, на основе которого были получены решения тензора момента и моментные магнитуды Mw для 4-х выбранных землетрясений произошедших 30 сентября 2012 г., 2 июля 2015 г. и 6 марта 2017 г. В процессе работы изначально были определены функции Грина, которые используются при инверсии наблюдаемых трехкомпонентных широкополосных сигналов (20–100 с) с последующим разложением на скалярный сейсмический момент Мо и основные параметры ориентации пары сил – азимутальный угол, угол падения и угол скольжения. Результаты работы. Сопоставление простирания нодальных плоскостей с линиями разломов показал согласие первой нодальной плоскости с продольным Муровдагским взбросо-надвигом, и второй нодальной плоскости с поперечным Муровдаг-Зодским сдвигом. В итоге все вышесказанное указывает на то, что проанализированные современные Гянджинские землетрясения, точнее их очаговые зоны в геодинамическом отношении произошли под действием сжимающих напряжений ориентированных СВ-ЮЗ-ом направлении. This work analyzes one of the largest earthquakes in terms of the number of victims (about 230 thousand people died) in the history of mankind, which occurred on September 30, 1139 in the city of Ganja (in the south-west of Azerbaijan). The intensity of this earthquake reached 9 points. The article contains historical data presented in various atlases and catalogs, manuscripts and annals. From a tectonic point of view, the Ganja earthquake occurred at the junction of the Goycha-Akerin and Lok-Karabakh zones of the Artvin-Karabakh megazone, which covers the northern ridges of the Lesser Caucasus. The aim. In order to study the seismicity and modern geodynamics of the territory of the Ganja source, a recurrence graph was constructed for the last 1500 years.The mechanisms of four sources of earthquakes whose coordinates coincide with the studiedhistorical earthquake were analyzed. The probability of a repeat for the strong Ganja earthquake of 1139 in the next 800 years was 0.30. Research methods. To calculate the focal mechanisms, an algorithm was used according to the waveform inversion method, on the basis of which the solutions of the moment tensor and moment magnitudes Mw were obtained for 4 selected earthquakes that occurred on September 30, 2012, July 2, 2015, and March 6, 2017. In the course of work, the Green's functions were initially determined, which are used for inversion of the observed three-component broadband signals (20–100 s) with subsequent decomposition into scalar seismic moment Mo and the main parameters of the orientation of the pair of forces - azimuthal angle, angle of incidence and angle of grazing. Results. Comparison of the strike of the nodal planes with the fault lines showed the agreement of the first nodal plane with the longitudinal Murovdag upthrust fault, and the second nodal plane with the transverse Murovdag-Zod strike-slip fault. As a result, all of the above indicates that the analyzed modern Ganja earthquakes, or rather their focal zones in the geodynamic respect, occurred under the action of compressive stresses oriented NE-SW direction.

Liberal Toryism in the Twentieth Century

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 177-201
Author(s):  
Michael Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Deep Structure ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
The Moment

DUST has scarcely had time to settle on Lady Thatcher; yet already a thick sediment of historical significance attaches to the fifteen years of her ascendancy. The period between 1975 and 1990 looks likely to prove as significant for the political ideologies of the twenty-first century as that between, say, 1885 and 1906 currently looks for our own. In the twilight world of John Major (who appears part-antidote, part-surrogate), Conservative ideology is becoming informed by reviews from both sides as they reflect on not only what went wrong but what it was that seemingly went so right, from a party point of view, for so long. We have just had placed before us, for example, John Campbell's admirable biography of Sir Edward Heath, on theone hand, and Alan Clark's transfixing diaries very much on the other. Such documents supplement amass of theorising and comment by political scientists and journalists, most of which dwells on the twin themes of discontinuity and dichotomy. The history of the Tory party is seen to enter a period of catastrophe by the end of the Heath government out of which there emerges a distinct party ideology which people call ‘Thatcherism’: a ‘New Conservatism’ radically distinct from the compromise and accommodation that marked politics after 1951. But that process was contested within the party—hence a dichotomy between two persuasions: the hawks and the doves, the dries and the wets, the Tories and the Conservatives, the true blues and the Liberals. Language of this kind has a particular interest to historians. They want to raise issues about its chronological deep-structure: how ‘new’ was this ‘New Conservatism’?. They recognise the need to situate the dichotomies of the moment in a wider context of Conservative experience: how singular is a doctrine of dichotomy within Conservative party doctrine? Above all they bring into question bald postulates about the nature of current Conservatism which do not compare experience across time

scholarly journals Penentuan Karakteristik Mekanisme Gempa Tahun 2018-2019 Di Nusa Tenggara Menggunakan Metode Inversi Momen Tensor

Kappa Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Sri Rizki Eka Putri ◽  
◽  
Hiden Hiden ◽  
Suhayat Minardi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Earthquake Characteristics ◽  
Orientation Parameters

Nusa Tenggara is one of the areas with a high level of seismic activity in Indonesia because this area is located between the Indian Ocean plate, which moves northward and pushes the Eurasian plate. One method that is often used to determine an earthquake's epicentre is the Tensor Moment Inversion method. This study aims to determine the moment tensor magnitude of each earthquake event and determine earthquake characteristics based on the earthquake focus mechanism in Nusa Tenggara from 2018 to 2019. The earthquake with a magnitude of ≥ 5.7 SR and to find out the fault parameters, namely strike, dip, and rake using waveform data. One method that is often used to determine an earthquake's epicentre is the Tensor Moment Inversion method. The results showed that the fault planes formed were reverse faults and oblique faults. It has been calculated the moment tensor for each of the six components, namely Mxx, Myy, Mzz, Mxy, Myz and Mxz. From the results of the focal analysis of the 2018-2019 Nusa Tenggara earthquake mechanism, the values of the fault plane orientation parameters such as strike, dip and rake are obtained. For strikes in Nusa Tenggara on area 1, namely: 73° to 122°, Dip: 20° to 72° and Rake: 53° to 139°. While in field 2 for a strike, it is 232° to 280°, Dip 28° to 75°, Rake: 52° to 102°.

scholarly journals Applied knowledge in the humanities (based on the manuscript of N.I.Kareev “General methodology of the humanities”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Dolgova ◽  
◽  
Alexey V. Malinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Applied Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The purpose of the article is to introduce a fragment of an unpublished monograph by sociologist and historian Nikolay I.Kareev titled “General methodology of the humanities” (1922). The book was published only in fragments and needs further updating in terms of its significance for the history of Russian sociology. In the publication of archival documents and accompanying annotations, a fragment of the final seventh chapter “Normative and Applied Knowledge in the Humanities” is analyzed. In this text, the scholar turned to the complex theoretical issues of defining the role, function and correlation of fundamental and applied sciences. The text analyzes N.I.Kareev’s classification — the division of scientific knowledge into theoretical, normative and applied. By carefully examining applied knowledge, he revealed it in two aspects — vulgar and pragmatic utilitarianism. Regarding the first, he concluded that the absolutization of the utilitarian point of view is dangerous for science itself, since it makes the development of science dependent on particular goals, including party interests, and subordinates science to the changing circumstances of the moment. On the other hand, theoretical knowledge can also have value as the most reliable basis for any practical discipline. The importance of applied knowledge is due to the fact that true (factual) knowledge about society can only be obtained by inductive means, i. e., in order to cognize social reality, applied sciences must precede theoretical ones. The meaning of applied knowledge is that it, unlike theoretical knowledge, is aimed at transforming nature or society.

New Results for the 1968 Belice, South Italy, Seismic Sequence: Solving the Long-Lasting Ambiguity on Causative Source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Orecchio ◽  
Silvia Scolaro ◽  
Josep Batlló ◽  
Giancarlo Neri ◽  
Debora Presti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
Focal Mechanism Solutions ◽  
South Italy ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Sicily ◽  
The Moment

Abstract We present the first estimates of moment tensor solutions and probabilistic nonlinear hypocenter locations for the 1968 Belice earthquake sequence, which is the most relevant seismic activity occurred in western Sicily in historical times. This seismic phase, including six earthquakes with magnitude between 5 and 6.4, produced severe damages and fatalities in a sector of the Nubia–Eurasia plate margin, previously considered aseismic. Poorly constrained and often controversial hypocenter locations and focal mechanism solutions available from the literature have led to a long-lasting ambiguity on the possible causative source of the sequence, also having primary effects on the regional seismotectonic modeling and seismic hazard evaluations. The two main fault models proposed in the literature alternatively assigned a primary role to the north-northwest-trending Nubia–Eurasia plate convergence, causing thrust faulting on about east-trending structures or to the differential foreland retreat driving dextral strike-slip movements on about north–south-oriented faults. By focusing on the starting and the most energetic phase of the 1968 sequence, we computed the moment tensor solutions for three of the strongest earthquakes using digitized waveforms and a time-domain waveform inversion technique. Then, we also analyzed, by means of a Bayesian hypocenter location technique, the spatial distribution of the 1968 earthquakes. All the results indicate that the 1968 Belice sequence was characterized by predominant reverse faulting occurring on about east-to-northeast-trending structures, thus solving the dualism between models previously proposed in the literature. Our findings well agree both with the geodynamic framework governed by the Nubia–Eurasia north-northwest-trending convergence and with the geological reconstructions of the regional thrust front in the western Sicily area. The results of moment tensor estimations and nonlinear hypocenter locations furnishing an improved knowledge of the most relevant seismic activity of western Sicily also concur to better constraint the seismotectonic modeling of the region.

scholarly journals El Cançoner trobadoresc de Sant Joan de les Abadesses: estat de la qüestió, història arxivística i context de producció

Mot so razo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Joan Ferrer Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
National Library ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Musical Notation ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Village

<p>Abstract: In 1917, Josep Masdeu, the monastery archivist of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, identified four songs written down in some blank spaces of a paper-based notarial book of the village. In 1935, Higini Anglès, a musicologist of recognized prestige, made them public and since then, they comprise the songbook of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, the unique troubadour catalogue in Catalonia including both the text of the songs and their equivalent musical notation to be performed. From that moment on, the manuscript has been studied in many occasions from a linguistic and musical point of view. The manuscript, currently preserved at the National Library of Catalonia, includes some other text passages of legal topics which we analyse in depth because they delimit the exact chronological period of the song writings. Our study, therefore, has been focused on three main purposes. In the first place, we revise the contributions made so far regarding the description of the document. Next, we build up the archivistic history of the manuscript, from the moment it was discovered until it was deposited in the library mentioned above. Finally, we frame the overall context of the songbook production based on the extraliterary and extramusical texts.</p><p><br />Keywords: Troubadour songs, Medieval manuscripts, Medieval songbook, Sant Joan de les Abadesses Archive, Court books, Notarial -<br />History.</p>

scholarly journals Economic Development and Dependence Theory: The Approach of the Un Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Osmar Antonio Bonzanini ◽  
Tamara Silvana Menuzzi Diverio ◽  
Luiz Zuliani da Silva ◽  
Estevo Mateus Olesiak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this article is to present the vision of ECLAC - Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and its contribution to the reflections on economic development. Materials and methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study. The first part of the paper contemplates the emergence and evolution of ECLAC thinking during its more than sixty-five years of existence. The second deals with dependency theory, ending with the current thinking proposed by ECLAC. Results: It results in a brief analysis of the moment of the globalization of the economy as an exclusionary process in the history of capitalism, emphasizing the importance of the ECLAC thinking, reinvigorated nowadays. Conclusions: It is considered that the dependency theory has been the great contribution of ECLAC thinking, with the change of focus from a viewpoint only from the prism of the central countries, to an optic from the point of view of the peripheral countries.

scholarly journals 422 Atrioventricular blocks in children: clinical aspects and special features in a cohort of Italian patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ridolfi ◽  
Gabriele Bronzetti ◽  
Andrea Donti ◽  
Marcello Lanari ◽  
Gaetano Domenico Gargiulo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Aims The natural history of atrioventricular blocks (AVBs) in children is not completely clarified, with particular regard for isolated, acquired, and non-immune disorders. Moreover, there is still concern on when—and not on if—a pacemaker (PM) implantation is indicated. In this retrospective study, we investigated diagnostic and therapeutic approach to AVBs in children and we described complications occurred in PM recipients. Methods and results We analysed 73 patients with a diagnosis of AVB who were submitted to a regular follow-up between 2015 and 2020 at the Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Unit of an Italian referral centre. Forty-four patients (60%) were diagnosed with a complete AVB and after a mean follow-up of 8.2 ± 6.8 years, 35 patients (79.5%) had received a permanent PM. AVB was asymptomatic in 52 children (71.2%) and a congenital heart disease was present in 13 cases (17.8%). Anti-SSA/B autoantibodies were detected in eight patients (11%) with complete block and their prognostic role was substantially redefined. The mean interval between diagnosis and implantation and the complication rate in PM recipients were similar to data available on literature, regardless of the age at diagnosis. Conclusions From a diagnostic point of view, we identified several differences between partial and complete AVBs. As regards the timing of pacing therapy, the moment of implantation should be accurately chosen but should not depend only on the age at diagnosis or the presence of maternal autoantibodies, since the incidence of device-related complications was independent from those features.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF FOREIGN PHILSOPHICAL RUSSIAN STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
GRIGORY L. GALUSTYANTS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
World History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

This article is devoted to the presentation of the views of foreign philosophers on the problem of spiritual identity and national identity of Russia. The factors that influenced the formation of the worldview of thinkers, historical conditions, as well as identified theoretical, conceptual sources of authors, representatives of foreign philosophy are characterized. The concepts of spiritual identity and national identity of Russia in the works of foreign philosophers are analyzed.The works of the most famous contemporary foreign authors, who primarily develop socio-philosophical and philosophical-political aspects of the Russian national identity, are examined: Z. Brzezinski, R. Pipes, J. P. Scanlan, A. Toynbee, F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington.An analysis of the concepts of Western philosophical Russian studies shows that the key tendency of modern foreign doctrines about Russia is a fundamental refusal to reveal the moment of universality of the idea of Russia. The very need for philosophy, i.e. in the logic and dialectics of the history of Russia is considered not from the standpoint of the reasonable necessity of the concept, but from the point of view of the abstract rational randomness of the empirical phenomena of the historical existence of Russian society and state. The author comes to the conclusion that all the special concepts of the idea of Russia contain a dialectical contradiction and can remove it only in its own logical selfdenial. The latter should become the beginning of a reasonable and integral paradigm of the philosophical understanding of Russia in world history.

Can we educate a genius? Deliberations on the margins of the writings of Nietzsche

2017 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gurczyńska-Sady
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Process

The article deals with the issue of systemic education. The author asks a classic question of whether traditional education systems should concentrate on students with average abilities or maybe they should foster the most talented ones. Considerations on this subject are conducted with regard to the multi-layered thought of Nietzsche, whose position is so invaluable that in a possible polemic it is situated as an exceptionally radical. Writing down the natural history of mankind, Nietzsche formulates a thesis that the moment of the creation of the first human communities, the moment of the socialisation of man, was extremely unfavourable as far as man’s strength, ability and creativity are concerned. He presents socialisation, which is part of the education process, as beneficial for the community and detrimental to the individual. This situation in the course of history remains the same, which – after the adoption of Nietzschean assumptions – gives cause to adopt a radical position of those who deem the education system unfit to foster outstanding individuals. Nietzsche’s view, in comparison with other views, is so innovative that it considers the inability as genealogically founded. Although the educational system from the point of view of the majority contributes to the emergence of new content, ideas or values, it remains inefficient for individuals of genius.

Extending the useful angle range for elastic inversion through the amplitude-versus-angle full-waveform inversion method

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. R213-R226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio A. M. Oliveira ◽  
Igor L. S. Braga ◽  
Murillo B. Lacerda ◽  
Geovane F. Ouverney ◽  
Anderson W. P. de Franco
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Full Waveform Inversion ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Amplitude Versus

We have developed the amplitude versus angle full-waveform inversion (AVA-FWI) method. This method considers the complete seismic response of the layered medium, and so it is capable of correctly handling seismic amplitudes from prestack data with a wide angle range. This capability is very important because a reliable estimate of the elastic parameters and the density requires an incidence angle that goes beyond 30°. Our method inputs seismic traces from prestack time-migrated gathers ordered by angle of incidence and works under the local 1D assumption. AVA-FWI is a nonlinear inversion based on forward modeling by the reflectivity method, which substantially increases its computational cost with respect to conventional AVA inversion. To address this problem, we developed an efficient routine for angle gather modeling and a new method for differential seismogram generation that greatly reduces the amount of computation involved in this task. The AVA-FWI method was applied to synthetic data and to a geophysical reservoir characterization case study using the North Viking Graben open data set.

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