scholarly journals Self-Reported Versus Recorded Sleep Position: An Observational Study

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Gordon ◽  
Karen Grimmer ◽  
Patricia Trott
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Position ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Sleep Questionnaire ◽  
Video Record ◽  
Self Reports

Background: Patient reports of ‘usual’ and ‘recent’ sleep positions are used by allied health professionals to direct the management of waking and nocturnal musculoskeletal symptoms. However no published studies have determined if self reports of sleep position are valid, consistent or reliable. An observational study was conducted at the Centre for Sleep Research of the University of South Australia. Twelve subjects, four in each of the age groups 18 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years and 60 years and over, without any known sleep disorders or sleep-disturbing medical or emotional problems participated in the study. Subjects spent two non-consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory, where an infra-red light source allowed their sleep position during the night to be recorded on video. Prior to retiring, subjects recorded the position in which they believed they spent the most time during a ‘usual’ nights sleep. In the morning, they recorded the position in which they believed they spent the most time during the recorded nights sleep. Videos were viewed in order to count the number of position shifts per night and to calculate the total amount of time each subject spent lying prone, supine and on their side. Subjects’ pre- and post-sleep questionnaire responses were then compared to the video record to determine validity, the amount of time spent in each sleep position was compared across the two nights to determine consistency and pre-and post-sleep questionnaire responses were compared to determine reliability of self reported sleep position. High correlation was found when comparing subjects’ self report of their common sleep positions with the video record. The sensitivity of self reported ‘usual’ night side lying sleep position was 89% and ‘last’ night reports 95%. Sleep position was consistent across repeated nights’ sleep, and there was good reliability between subjects’ self report of ‘usual’ (92%) and ‘last night’ (83%) sleep positions. This study reports high validity, reliability and consistency in self reports of ‘usual’ and ‘recent’ sleep positions

scholarly journals A multitrait, multimethod matrix approach for a consumer-grade wrist-worn watch measuring sleep duration and continuity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L Bliwise ◽  
Christopher Chapple ◽  
Lena Maislisch ◽  
Eva Roitmann ◽  
Teodor Burtea
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Sleep Questionnaire ◽  
Large Correlation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Study Objectives We examined associations between self-reports about typical sleep patterns and sleep data derived from a wearable device worn on a nightly basis for a prolonged period (mean = 214 nights). We hypothesized that sleep characteristics would correlate better across different methods of assessment (self-report versus wearable) than they would correlate within the same method, a classic psychometric approach (multitrait, multimethod matrix). Methods A cross-national sample of 6,230 adult wearable users completed a brief sleep questionnaire collecting data on sleep duration and number of awakenings (NAW) and provided informed consent to link their responses to data from their wearable watches. The data collection for the wearable occurred over 12 months and the sleep questionnaire was completed subsequent to that. Results Results indicated a large (r = .615) correlation between sleep duration as assessed with the wearable and by self-report. A medium-to-large correlation (r = .406) was also seen for NAW. The multitrait, multimethod matrix suggested minimal method variance, i.e. similar “traits” (sleep duration and NAW) correlated across methods but within a given method, and such “traits” were generally unrelated. Conclusions The results suggest that the longer period of data collection with the wearable generates more stable estimates of sleep than have been reported in most studies of actigraphy. Alternatively, the data might imply that individuals modify their self-reports about sleep via daily feedback to align their perceptions to the output of the wearable.

scholarly journals O5A.2 Musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related accidents: a hospital-based case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A41.1-A41
Author(s):  
Adriano Dias ◽  
João Marcos Bernardes ◽  
Juan Gomez-Salgado ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire ◽  
Control Study

This hospital-based case-control study aimed to determine whether self-reports of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) were associated with the occurrence of work-related accidents. Study participants were recruited from the emergency department at Botucatu Medical School University Hospital. Cases were workers who suffered work-related accidents that required hospitalization, while controls were selected patients who suffered a non-work-related accident. Participants were interviewed using a standardized structured questionnaire with close-ended questions and a modified version of the Brazilian Portuguese Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Associations between self-reports of MSS and work-related accidents were analyzed with two logistic regression models (one for symptoms that occurred in the 12 months period and the other for those that occurred in the previous 7 days). These analyses were performed in two steps: univariate and multiple model. Variables with a P-value ≤0.25 in the univariate analysis were included in the multiple models, using the forward stepwise selection procedure. In the multiple models two-sided P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Altogether, 80 cases and 125 controls were included. The participants had a mean age of 36.9 years (SD = 11.4) and 72.2% were men. In the 12 months multiple logistic regression model, self-report of MSS in the upper limbs (OR 2.689 95% CI 1.357-5.326) was associated with increased odds of work-related accidents occurrence, while in the 7 days multiple logistic regression model, self-report of MSS in the upper limbs (OR 2.374 95% CI 1.083-5.201) and in the vertebral column (OR 2.154 95% CI 1.017-4.561) were associated. Thus, this case–control study suggests that MSS in the upper limbs and in the vertebral column are associated with increased odds of work-related accidents; and that the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire may be used as a complementary screening tool for identifying workers at risk for work-related accidents.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

An Alternative to Self-Reports of Trait and State Affect

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Quirin ◽  
Regina C. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
State Affect ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Automatic Activation

Self-report measures for the assessment of trait or state affect are typically biased by social desirability or self-delusion. The present work provides an overview of research using a recently developed measure of automatic activation of cognitive representation of affective experiences, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT). In the IPANAT, participants judge the extent to which nonsense words from an alleged artificial language express a number of affective states or traits. The test demonstrates appropriate factorial validity and reliabilities. We review findings that support criterion validity and, additionally, present novel variants of this procedure for the assessment of the discrete emotions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear.

An Initial Investigation of the Use of Comparative Referents to Assess Social Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Seligman ◽  
Erin F. Swedish ◽  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Jessica M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Social Quality Of Life ◽  
Comparison Measures

Abstract. The current study examined the validity of two self-report measures of social anxiety constructed using social comparative referent points. It was hypothesized that these comparison measures would be both reliable and valid. Results indicated that two different comparative versions – one invoking injunctive norms and another invoking descriptive norms – showed good reliability, excellent internal consistency, and acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The comparative measures also predicted positive functioning, some aspects of social quality of life, and social anxiety as measured by an independent self-report. These findings suggest that adding a comparative reference point to instructions on social anxiety measures may aid in the assessment of social anxiety.

What Women Say They Want versus What Men Imagine They Do: A new and convenient method reveals novel insights about self-reported vs. perceived preferences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Pierre Jago ◽  
Karen R. Dobkins
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Gender

To appeal to the opposite gender, previous research indicates that men emphasize their wealth, status, and ambition, whereas women emphasize their physical attractiveness. Such behavior seems surprising given previous surveys in which men and women reported these traits to be less important than others such as trustworthiness, intelligence, and warmth. We addressed one potential reason for any disconnect, which is that men’s and women’s beliefs about what the opposite gender prefers are misguided—according to the opposite genders’ self-reports. Using a new method, we asked participants to both self-report the traits they prefer in a romantic partner and to indicate what they imagine the opposite gender prefers. The results reveal striking discrepancies between what people report wanting in a potential partner and what the opposite gender imagines they want. Additionally, women appear to be better at imagining men’s preferences, and we discuss several reasons why this might be the case.

scholarly journals Reporting on one's behavior: a survey experiment on the nonvalidity of self-reported COVID-19 hygiene-relevant routine behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Pelle Guldborg Hansen ◽  
Erik Gahner Larsen ◽  
Caroline Drøgemüller Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Reports

Abstract Surveys based on self-reported hygiene-relevant routine behaviors have played a crucial role in policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, using anchoring to test validity in a randomized controlled survey experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrate that asking people to self-report on the frequency of routine behaviors are prone to significant measurement error and systematic bias. Specifically, we find that participants across age, gender, and political allegiance report higher (lower) frequencies of COVID-19-relevant behaviors when provided with a higher (lower) anchor. The results confirm that such self-reports should not be regarded as behavioral data and should primarily be used to inform policy decisions if better alternatives are not available. To this end, we discuss the use of anchoring as a validity test relative to self-reported behaviors as well as viable alternatives to self-reports when seeking to behaviorally inform policy decisions.

scholarly journals Comparison of In-Situ and Retrospective Self-Reports on Assessing Hearing Aid Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Elizabeth Stangl ◽  
Octav Chipara ◽  
Anna Gudjonsdottir ◽  
Jacob Oleson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Outcome Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a methodology involving repeated surveys to collect in-situ self-reports that describe respondents' current or recent experiences. Audiology literature comparing in-situ and retrospective self-reports is scarce. Purpose To compare the sensitivity of in-situ and retrospective self-reports in detecting the outcome difference between hearing aid technologies, and to determine the association between in-situ and retrospective self-reports. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Thirty-nine older adults with hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis The study was part of a larger clinical trial that compared the outcomes of a prototype hearing aid (denoted as HA1) and a commercially available device (HA2). In each trial condition, participants wore hearing aids for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured using EMA and retrospective questionnaires. To ensure that the outcome data could be directly compared, the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile was administered as an in-situ self-report (denoted as EMA-GHABP) and as a retrospective questionnaire (retro-GHABP). Linear mixed models were used to determine if the EMA- and retro-GHABP could detect the outcome difference between HA1 and HA2. Correlation analyses were used to examine the association between EMA- and retro-GHABP. Results For the EMA-GHABP, HA2 had significantly higher (better) scores than HA1 in the GHABP subscales of benefit, residual disability, and satisfaction (p = 0.029–0.0015). In contrast, the difference in the retro-GHABP score between HA1 and HA2 was significant only in the satisfaction subscale (p = 0.0004). The correlations between the EMA- and retro-GHABP were significant in all subscales (p = 0.0004 to <0.0001). The strength of the association ranged from weak to moderate (r = 0.28–0.58). Finally, the exit interview indicated that 29 participants (74.4%) preferred HA2 over HA1. Conclusion The study suggests that in-situ self-reports collected using EMA could have a higher sensitivity than retrospective questionnaires. Therefore, EMA is worth considering in clinical trials that aim to compare the outcomes of different hearing aid technologies. The weak to moderate association between in-situ and retrospective self-reports suggests that these two types of measures assess different aspects of hearing aid outcomes.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Gomolemo Mahakwe ◽  
Ensa Johnson ◽  
Katarina Karlsson ◽  
Stefan Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Language Difficulties ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Psychometric Quality ◽  
Communication Challenge

Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important for documenting emotional and abstract concepts, such as anxiety. Children may not always be able to communicate their symptoms due to language difficulties, a lack of developmental language skills, or the severity of their illness. Instruments with sufficient psychometric quality and pictorial support may address this communication challenge. The purpose of this review was to systematically search the published literature and identify validated and reliable self-report instruments available for children aged 5–18 years to use in the assessment of their anxiety to ensure they receive appropriate anxiety-relief intervention in hospital. What validated self-report instruments can children with cancer use to self-report anxiety in the hospital setting? Which of these instruments offer pictorial support? Eight instruments were identified, but most of the instruments lacked pictorial support. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) 3.0 Brain Tumor Module and Cancer Module proved to be useful in hospitalized children with cancer, as they provide pictorial support. It is recommended that faces or symbols be used along with the VAS, as pictures are easily understood by younger children. Future studies could include the adaptation of existing instruments in digital e-health tools.

scholarly journals The Parent Version of the Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization Scale (SPTS-P): A Preliminary Validation

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Jaimie K. Beveridge ◽  
Maria Pavlova ◽  
Joel Katz ◽  
Melanie Noel
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Sensitivity To Pain ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Parent Version

Sensitivity to pain traumatization (SPT) is defined as the propensity to develop responses to pain that resemble a traumatic stress reaction. To date, SPT has been assessed in adults with a self-report measure (Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization Scale (SPTS-12)). SPT may also be relevant in the context of parenting a child with chronic pain, as many of these parents report clinically elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study aimed to develop and validate a measure of parent SPT by adapting the SPTS-12 and evaluating its psychometric properties in a sample of parents whose children have chronic pain. In total, 170 parents (90.6% female) and children (aged 10–18 years, 71.2% female) were recruited from a tertiary chronic pain program. Parents completed the parent version of the SPTS-12 (SPTS-P) and measures of PTSS, depression, and parenting behaviors. Youth completed measures of pain. Consistent with the SPTS-12, the SPTS-P demonstrated a one-factor structure that accounted for 45% of the variance, adequate to good reliability and moderate construct validity. Parent SPT was positively related to their protective and monitoring behaviors but was unrelated to youth pain intensity, unpleasantness, and interference. These results provide preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the SPTS-P and highlight the interaction between parent distress about child pain and parent responses to child pain.

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