scholarly journals WHO THREATENS JOURNALISTS IN PAKISTAN AND WHY? : AN ANALYSIS OF CONFESSIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF WORKING JOURNALISTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazli Hussain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Base Line ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Free Press ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Opportunity To Respond ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
Democratic Societies

Free press works as watchdog to guard the freedom of expression but legal and societal protection and respect is predestined to sustain. In democratic societies, societal pressures, economical persuasions, political and ideological dilemmas and the parasitism of national interests while the ruler’s ego, ruling interests and challenges of authorities in dictatorial regimes, are the areas bring to bear threats for journalists. A number of national and international studies proclaim press in Pakistan as not or partial free but don’t estimate the agents and their surreptitious ends which this study is aimed to dig out and locate using base line survey in consultation with working journalists all around the country, providing equal opportunity to respond the close ended questionnaire constructed under Likert’s Scale and Guttmann Scale on applicability’s priorities. The study also investigates senior journalists to explore the criterion more in depth. The results lead to generalize the conclusion and provide with significant roadmap of policy making and evoke further research in the relevant areas.

scholarly journals Women leadership barriers in healthcare, academia and business

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Kalaitzi ◽  
Katarzyna Czabanowska ◽  
Sally Fowler-Davis ◽  
Helmut Brand
Keyword(s):  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Women Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Context Specific

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the barriers to women leadership across healthcare, academia and business, and identify barriers prevalence across sectors. A barriers thematic map, with quantitative logic, and a prevalence chart have been developed, with the aim to uncover inequalities and provide orientation to develop inclusion and equal opportunity strategies within different work environments. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review method was adopted across five electronic databases. Rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to select relevant publications, followed by critical appraisal of the eligible articles. The geographical target was Europe, with a publication time range spanning the period from 2000 to 2015. Certain specialized international studies were also examined. The key themes were identified using summative content analysis and the findings were analyzed using qualitative meta-summary method to formulate hypotheses for subsequent research. Findings In total, 26 barriers were identified across the aforementioned sectors. A high degree of barriers commonalities was identified, with some striking differences between the prevalence of barriers across sectors. Research limitations/implications The results of this study may need further validation using statistical methodology given the knowledge base gaps regarding the range of barriers and the differences in their prevalence. Bias and interpretation in reporting anchored in different theoretical frameworks ought to be further examined. Additional variables such as ambiguously stated barriers, sector overlap, women’s own choices, cultural and educational background and analysis in the context of the economic crisis, ensuing austerity and migratory pressure, are also worth exploring. Practical implications Women’s notable and persisting underrepresentation in top leading positions across sectors reflects a critical drawback in terms of organizational and societal progress particularly regarding inclusion and balanced decision making. Practice-related blind spots may need to be further examined and addressed through specific policies. Originality/value The comparative nature of barriers to women leadership across three sectors allows the reader to contrast the differences in gender inequalities and to comprehend inclusion challenges in healthcare, academia and business. The authors draw attention to varying degrees of barriers prevalence that have been understudied and deserve to be further explored. This gap in knowledge extends to policy, thus, highlighting the need to address the gender equality and inclusion challenges in a context-specific manner across work environments.

scholarly journals Practices of Policy Making and Planning: A Case of Annapurna Rural Municipality in Kaski District

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Girdhari Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Public Policy Making ◽  
Rural Municipality

This paper makes a brief description and analysis of policy formulation and planning process adopted by the local government of Nepal. The main objective of the paper is to study the exercise of policy making and planning of Annapurna Rural Municipality in Kaski District of Gandaki Province, Nepal. The study is based on telephone interviews and person-to-person interviews with elected representatives of the rural municipality and secondary sources of data. Annapurna Rural Municipality has so far formulated more than 23 policies (acts, rules and regulations) for addressing the interest of its citizens. Of these policies, four are acts, two regulations, nine procedural laws and eight codes of conduct. Moreover, official policy makers have a prominent role in public policy making while the unofficial policymakers have little influence on the public policy making. There is no provision of direct participation of people in the policy formulation process. Also, the local government has not developed a practice of taking assistance from hired experts while formulating public policies that demand technical expertise and knowledge. It is observed that the planning process followed by the rural municipality consists of seven steps: tole level assembly, ward level meeting, assembly of Ward, decisions forwarded to office of rural municipality, recommendation by the executive committee, approval by assembly of rural municipality and implementation by executive bodies like the office of rural municipality, ward office, etc. The results indicated that the rural municipality has, to some extent, guaranteed the participation of its citizens in the planning and implementation activities. However, despite the bottom-up approach of planning being practiced, all people, irrespective of their political orientation, do not have equal opportunity to make their voice being heard to the planning process. However, it lacks inclusiveness.

Inter-American Security: Lessons From the South Atlantic

Worldview ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Viron P. Vaky
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The South ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Latin American Countries

The Falklands conflict left in its wake a remarkable amount of psychological and conceptual disarray—even consternation— in both Latin American and U.S. policy-making circles. As a consequence, there is a good deal of stock-taking on all sides regarding the nature of hemispheric relationships and where to go from here. This has occurred not because the Falklands crisis itself created substantially new facts or circumstances but because it made explicit certain international trends and new realities that up to now have been implicit and only partially understood.The conflict demonstrated, for example, the persistence and primacy of national interests in motivating individual Latin American countries, and also how discontinuous such interests can be with larger global issues.

Social media actors in the fight against terrorism: technology and its impact on human rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-300
Author(s):  
Tsvetelina van Benthem
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Democratic Societies

Terrorist propaganda spreads like a pandemic across online platforms. In this volatile climate, control over social media is increasingly seen as a determinant bastion of power by both terrorist groups seeking to exploit the ubiquity of internet platforms and states aiming to impose restrictions on content disseminated online. Social media actors are gradually taking centre stage in the fight against terrorism as they attempt to curb incitement to violence in its evolving manifestations via sophisticated algorithms. While such measures are necessary for the protection of the general population's right to life and security of the person, these measures carry inherent risks of over-caution and threaten freedom of expression – a core right in democratic societies. This article argues that, notwithstanding the risks in granting quasi-judicial functions to online intermediaries, they should be employed as a carefully tailored tool to secure protection against arbitrary domestic measures, particularly in the fight against terrorism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document