scholarly journals POVERAVANjE SPROVOĐENjA OSTAVINSKOG POSTUPKA JAVNOM BELEŽNIKU – NEKOLIKO NAPOMENA IZ UGLA MEĐUNARODNOG PRIVATNOG PRAVA

Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Slavko Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
International Jurisdiction ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Paper Author ◽  
Conflict Of Law

Pursuant to Art. 110a of Non-Litigious Proceedings Act, the court can decide to delegate the conducting of the succession non-litigious proceedings to the notary public, but only if Serbian law is applicable to the succession. In this paper author explains in which cases the condition with regard to the applicability of Serbian law has been fulfilled as well as whether the notary public can decide on some other conflict-of-law issues which can arise in delegated proceedings. Bearing this in mind, author deals with application of conflict-of-law rules for succession contained in Art. 30 and 31 of Serbian Private International Law Act in order to clarify in which situations Serbian law is applicable to all succession law issues. After that, author analyses whether notary public can decide on some procedural issues with foreign element, such as the international jurisdiction, the capacity of a person to be a party and to act independently in the proceedings, lis alibi pendes and preliminary recognition of foreign court decision.

scholarly journals A Materialização do Direito Internacional Privado Brasileiro: o cancelamento da Súmula nº 207 do TST

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Zanchet Rosa
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Employee Protection ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Law ◽  
Abstract Labor ◽  
Conflict Of Law

Resumo: As relações de trabalho, da mesma forma como relações privadas em geral, têm assumido caráter internacional. O crescente fenômeno acarreta, contudo, o incremento de vulnerabilidade do trabalhador. Em nível internacional, esse desafio aumenta, especialmente porque as normas conflituais clássicas foram construídas a partir da sociedade liberal moderna, que buscava basicamente a manutenção da igualdade formal entre os indivíduos, sem preocupações de cunho material. Embora as soluções tradicionais ainda estejam presentes no Direito Internacional Privado Brasileiro, um precedente recente do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho alterou essa realidade. Assim, este trabalho tenciona analisar os efeitos dessa decisão do TST na evolução do Direito Internacional Privado Brasileiro. Na primeira parte do trabalho será analisada a insuficiência do método clássico na proteção do empregado. A principal manifestação desse método está no elemento de conexão da lei do local da execução do contrato de trabalho, ou lex loci laboris. A segunda parte avalia a solução adotada pela jurisprudência do TST, ao cancelar a Súmula nº 207 e consagrar o elemento de conexão da lei mais favorável ao empregado ou favor empregado como o principal para as relações de trabalho internacionais. Em conclusão, aborda-se o significado desse entendimento do TST para evolução do Direito Internacional Privado Brasileiro. Palavras-chaves: Direito Internacional Privado; Direito Internacional do Trabalho; Conflitos de Lei no Espaço; Elementos de Conexão; Lei Mais Favorável ao Empregado. Abstract: Labor relations, in the same way as private relations in general, have assumed an international character. The growing phenomenon entails, however, the increased vulnerability of the worker. On an international level, this challenge increases, especially because the Classic Conflict of Law Rules were built based on modern liberal society, whose basic aim was to maintain the formal equality between individuals, without any material concerns. Although traditional solutions are still present in Brazilian private international law, recent Supreme Labor Court precedent has changed this reality. Therefore, this paper intends to analyze the effects of this Supreme Labor Court decision in the Brazilian Private International Law. In the first part of this paper will be analyzed the insufficiency of the classical method in the employee protection. The main expression of this method lies in the connecting element of the law of the place of the labor contract, or lex loci laboris. The second part evaluates the solution adopted by the case law of the TST to cancel precedent nº. 207 and consecrate the connecting element of the law most favorable to the employee, or employee favor, as the main connecting element for international labor relations. Concluding, the meaning of this understanding of the Supreme Labor Court decision for the evolution of Brazilian Private International Law is discussed. Keywords: Private International Law; International Labor Law; Conflict of Law Rules; Connecting Elements; Law Most Favorable to the Employee.

Różne perspektywy dotyczące skutków art. 95 CISG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Danuta Pohl-Michałek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Sale Of Goods ◽  
Conflict Of Law

The 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) was adopted in order to provide uniform rules governing the international sale of goods. It has already been ratified by an impressive number of 92 Contracting States, with the major trading countries taking the lead. The CISG applies to contracts for the sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States, where the States are CISG Contracting States (Article 1(1)(a)). Moreover, it applies to contracts for the sale of goods when the contracting parties have their places of business in different States and when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a CISG Contracting State (Article 1(1)(b)). However, at the time of ratification, the prospective Contracting States are given the possibility of making additional reservations, including one set out in Article 95 CISG, which limits the application of Article 1(1)(b) of the Convention. Although there are some CISG Contracting States that initially applied the reservation but have since withdrawn it, there are still a few Contracting States where the reservation remains[1], including the two largest trading countries – China and the United States. The paper presents various approaches regarding the interpretation of the effects of the reservation set out in Article 95 CISG, which in fact challenge the principle of the uniform interpretation and application of the Convention’s provisions. The author argues that the Article 95 CISG reservation leads to increased confusion and problematic conflict of law issues that bring more chaos than benefits.   [1] The remaining Article 95 CISG Reservatory States are: Armenia, China, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Slovakia and the United States of America. Information is based on the official website: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=X-10&chapter=10 (accessed: 9.12.2019).

scholarly journals Prawo właściwe dla zobowiązań deliktowych wynikających z naruszenia zasad ochrony danych osobowych przyjętych w RODO

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Marek Świerczyński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
National Courts ◽  
International Data ◽  
Conflict Of Law

Disputes arising from international data breaches can be complex. Despite the introduction of new, unified EU regulation on the protection of personal data (GDPR), the European Union failed to amend the Rome II Regulation on the applicable law to non-contractual liability and to extend its scope to the infringements of privacy. GDPR only contains provisions on international civil procedure. However, there are no supplementing conflict-of-law rules. In order to determine the applicable law national courts have to apply divergent and dispersed national codifications of private international law. The aim of this study is to propose an optimal conflict-of-law model for determining the applicable law in case of infringement of the GDPR’s privacy regime.

scholarly journals The Impact of Brainerd Currie’s Governmental Interest on the Principle of the Closest Connection

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Т. V. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Matter Field ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Law Regulation ◽  
Conflict Of Law

In modern private international law, the principle of the closest connection involves not only the identification of the prevailing territorial connection, but also the consideration of substantive factors (protection of a weaker party, preferability to keep the transaction valid, etc.). The paper substantiates the thesis that, being initially based on the territorial localization of the relationship, the analyzed principle in the course of its development was enhanced with the achievements of others doctrinal approaches to the resolution of the conflict-of-law issue, including the concept of “governmental” or “state” interest developed by American legal scholar Brainerd Currie. A genius breakthrough suggested by B. Currie is examined as an attempt to overcome the mechanical approach of conflict-of-law rules, expand the subject matter field of assessment at the stage of resolving the conflict-o-law issue and, ultimately, evaluate the substantive law result of this decision within the framework of understanding law as a tool for the protection of an individual by the state. Nevertheless, substantive law factors, contrary to one of the main tenets of B. Currie’s teaching, do not replace traditional conflict-of-laws rules at all. To the extent that the conflict-of-law regulation mechanism balances predictability and flexibility of decisions, it complements the search for territorial connection with substantive law considerations. The research makes it possible to conclude that the principle of the closest connection in private international law of the Russian Federation, in the context of global trends in the development of approaches to the resolution of conflict-of-law issues, is complex in nature, as indicated by the explanation of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation that “when determining the closest connection, the court,” first, establishes ”the prevailing territorial connection” and, second, “may take into account the application of the law of which country will best realize the universally recognized principles of civil law and of its institutions.” As a consequence, it is the combination of territorial and substantive law components in the content of the principle of the closest connection that provides an appropriate balance between predictability and flexibility of the modern mechanism of conflict-of-law regulation.

United in Diversity – Regional Unification of the Conflict-of-law Rules in Matters of Matrimonial Property Regimes

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-178
Author(s):  
Lucie Zavadilová
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Part ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Property Regimes ◽  
Conflict Of Law

The unification of the conflict-of-law rules in matters of matrimonial property regimes at EU level seeks to mitigate differences in substantive law in particular legal systems. The aim of this contribution is to analyse the doctrine of overriding mandatory provisions and consider the applicability of the public policy exception, which limit the application of the law otherwise applicable determined in compliance with the unified conflict-of-law rules. The question author addresses in this paper is whether these institutes of the general part of private international law provide for sufficient safeguards to protect the fundamental values and public interests of the forum law in matters of matrimonial property regimes.

III Trust Arbitration as a Matter of National Law, 17 Trust Arbitration in Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wüstemann Tina ◽  
Huber Roman
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Swiss Law ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Conflict Of Law

This chapter argues that Switzerland’s importance as centre for trust services as well as its longstanding tradition in international arbitration make it a perfect venue for trust arbitration, particularly in light of the scarcely developed arbitration law and practice in several offshore trust jurisdictions. Against this background, it examines whether trust disputes can be arbitrated in Switzerland, with a particular focus on the recognition of arbitration clauses in trust deeds. While Switzerland does not provide for the institution of trusts in its substantive law, it has ratified the Hague Trust Convention with took effect from 1 July 2007 and has enacted new conflict of law provisions, in particular Articles 149a to 149e of the Private International Law Statute (PILS), which operate so as to allow the full ‘implantation’ (or incorporation) of foreign trusts into Swiss law.

Law Applicable to Unilateral Juridical Acts and Uniform Conflict-of-law Rules

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Monika Pauknerová
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Technical Structure ◽  
Juridical Acts ◽  
Supranational Regulation ◽  
Conflict Of Law

Private international law smoothes the edges of civilian law and common law thanks to its specific legislative and technical structure. Conflict-of-law rules are considered to be neutral, and therefore more appropriate for unification, than substantive rules because countries are prepared to surrender their own individual solutions for the sake of uniform international or supranational regulation. This is evident in the successful unification of conflict-of-law rules at the global and European Union levels, as compared with the less common partial unifications of substantive rules. The paper illustrates several examples of unilateral legal acts in the European space, how diverse may be their substantive qualification in different legal systems, and what impacts these substantive differences may have upon the determination of the applicable law for obligations under European conflict-of-law rules. From the perspective of the conflict of laws, an issue remains open regarding what approach should be taken where a uniform legislative instrument – namely a European Regulation – fails to include a particular institution or act either expressly or impliedly.

scholarly journals Competencia en la modificación por tribunales españoles de medidas relativas a alimentos establecidas por tribunales extranjeros. Comentario al Auto del Tribunal Supremo de 17 de septiembre de 2019 = Jurisdiction and ammendments by Spanish courts of measures relating to alimony established by foreign courts. A commentary to the order of the Spanish Supreme Court of September 17, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
María José Valverde Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
International Law ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
International Jurisdiction ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Regulatory Instruments

Resumen: La modificación por tribunales españoles de medidas acordadas por tribunales extran­jeros es un tema candente por la conjunción de instrumentos normativos de muy diferente índole (eu­ropeos, internacionales y nacionales) que han de ser interpretados de forma integrada con el fin de determinar la competencia del órgano jurisdiccional correspondiente. En este estudio se aborda el Auto del Tribunal Supremo de 17 de septiembre de 2019; resolución que resuelve un conflicto negativo de competencia suscitado entre dos tribunales españoles, los cuales declararon su falta de competencia territorial en relación a una demanda de modificación de medidas adoptadas en sentencia de divorcio previamente pronunciada por un juzgado de Rumanía. La modificación de medidas solicitada en la de­manda presentada ante los tribunales españoles concernía al importe de la pensión alimenticia de la hija menor de los cónyuges divorciados.Palabras clave: modificación de medidas, pensión de alimentos, divorcio, competencia inter­nacional, competencia territorial de tribunales españoles, conflicto negativo de competencia, Derecho Internacional Privado.Abstract: The modification by Spanish courts of measures granted by foreign courts is a difficult topic due to the combination of different regulatory instruments of a very diverse nature (European, international and national). All of them must be interpreted in an integrated manner in order to determi­ne the competence of a specific court. In this study, the Order of September 17, 2019 rendered by the Spanish Supreme Court is analyzed. The order solves a negative conflict of jurisdiction between two Spanish courts, which declared their lack of territorial jurisdiction with regard to a claim of modification of measures adopted in a divorce decree previously pronounced by a Romanian court. The modification of measures was requested before the Spanish courts and concerned the amount of the child support of the daughter of the divorced spouses.Keywords: modification of measures, child support, divorce, International Jurisdiction, territo­rial jurisdiction of Spanish courts, negative conflict of jurisdiction, Private International Law.

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