Pathways for Decarbonizing India’s Energy Future: Scenario Analysis Using the India Energy Policy Simulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthi Swamy ◽  
Apurba Mitra ◽  
Varun Agarwal ◽  
Megan Mahajan ◽  
Robbie Orvis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Open Source Systems

This working paper explores two climate policy packages or scenarios for India corresponding to differing medium- and long-term decarbonization objectives using the India Energy Policy Simulator (EPS), an open-source, systems dynamics model. The analysis enables the identification of cost-effective policy options across different economic sectors and timeframes for low- carbon development in India, as well as potential trade-offs and co-benefits between climate policies and development priorities.

A Tool for Designing Policy Packages To Achieve India’s Climate Targets: Methods, Data, and Reference Scenario of the India Energy Policy Simulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthi Swamy ◽  
Apurba Mitra ◽  
Varun Agarwal ◽  
Megan Mahajan ◽  
Robbie Orvis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Business As Usual

India is currently the world’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs) after China and the United States and is set to experience continued growth in its population, economy, and energy consumption. Exploring low-carbon development pathways for India is therefore crucial for achieving the goal of global decarbonization. India has pledged to reduce the emission intensity of its gross domestic product (GDP) by 33–35 per cent relative to 2005 levels by 2030 through its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), among other related targets for the renewable energy and forestry sectors. Further, countries, including India, are expected to respond to the invitation of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Paris Agreement to communicate new or updated NDCs with enhanced ambition and long-term low-GHG development strategies for 2050. To design effective policy packages to support the planning and achievement of such climate targets, policymakers need to identify policies that can reduce GHG emissions in a timely and cost-effective manner, while meeting development-related and other national objectives. The India Energy Policy Simulator (India EPS), an open-source, system dynamics model, can enable an integrated quantitative assessment of different cross-sectoral climate policy packages for India through 2050 and their implications for key variables of interest such as emissions, GDP, and jobs. The tool was developed by Energy Innovation LLC and adapted for India in partnership with World Resources Institute. It is available for open access through a Web interface as well as a downloadable application. This technical note describes the structure, input data sources, assumptions, and limitations of the India EPS, as well as the setup and key results of its reference scenario, referred to as the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in the model. It is intended as an update to the first technical note on the India EPS (Mangan et al. 2019) and accounts for the changes incorporated into the model since the first version.

Building Blocks for a Low-Carbon Economy: Catalytic Policy and Infrastructure for Decarbonizing the United States by 2050

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devashree Saha ◽  
Greg Carlock ◽  
Rajat Shrestha ◽  
John Feldmann ◽  
Haley Leslie-Bole
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Net Zero

This working paper identifies key climate policies and investments and estimates their emissions-reduction potential and associated costs, which can enable the United States to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50–52% compared to 2005 levels by 2030 and reach net-zero GHG emissions by midcentury, the goals set by the Biden administration.

Multisektorski pristup u tranziciji prema niskougljičnom razvoju i ciljevima Zelenog akcionog plana EU – iskustva Republike Hrvatske

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Vladimir Jelavić ◽  
◽  
Valentina Delija-Ružić
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The paper will describe a multisectoral approach in development of long-term planning documents based on the example of developing background papers for low-carbon development strategy in the Republic of Croatia until 2030, with a view to the year 2050. As part of its obligations under the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action (EU 2018/1999), the Republic of Croatia is obliged to develop an Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan and a Long-Term Decarbonisation Strategy. New strategic goals of the Green Plan for Europe, intended to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and raise global competitiveness of the European economy, set an ambitious goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Fulfilling that vision requires a multidisciplinary approach as it does not suffice to reduce emissions from energy, industry, general consumption and transport, but it is necessary to increase removals in agricultural and LULUCF sectors. The paper will describe the development process, the engagement of numerous stakeholders, the methodological approach and the main outcomes. The analyses include detailed modelling in energetics, by economic sectors and natural carbon storage of the LULUCF sector. There are comments on synergistic energy challenges and on maintaining a secure food supply, as well as on sustainable forest management, achieving clean air, use of space and more.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Reductions under Low Carbon Fuel Standards?

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P Holland ◽  
Jonathan E Hughes ◽  
Christopher R Knittel
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Effective Policy

A low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by limiting the carbon intensity of fuels. We show this decreases high carbon fuel production but increases low carbon fuel production, possibly increasing net carbon emissions. The LCFS cannot be efficient, and the best LCFS may be nonbinding. We simulate a national LCFS on gasoline and ethanol. For a broad parameter range, emissions decrease, energy prices increase, abatement costs are large ($80–$760 billion annually), and average abatement costs are large ($307–$2,272 per CO2 metric ton). A cost effective policy has much lower average abatement costs ($60–$868). (JEL Q54, Q58)

scholarly journals Clean energy and the hydrogen economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2098) ◽  
pp. 20160400 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Brandon ◽  
Z. Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Industrial Sectors

In recent years, new-found interest in the hydrogen economy from both industry and academia has helped to shed light on its potential. Hydrogen can enable an energy revolution by providing much needed flexibility in renewable energy systems. As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen offers a range of benefits for simultaneously decarbonizing the transport, residential, commercial and industrial sectors. Hydrogen is shown here to have synergies with other low-carbon alternatives, and can enable a more cost-effective transition to de-carbonized and cleaner energy systems. This paper presents the opportunities for the use of hydrogen in key sectors of the economy and identifies the benefits and challenges within the hydrogen supply chain for power-to-gas, power-to-power and gas-to-gas supply pathways. While industry players have already started the market introduction of hydrogen fuel cell systems, including fuel cell electric vehicles and micro-combined heat and power devices, the use of hydrogen at grid scale requires the challenges of clean hydrogen production, bulk storage and distribution to be resolved. Ultimately, greater government support, in partnership with industry and academia, is still needed to realize hydrogen's potential across all economic sectors. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.

scholarly journals Belgian Energy Transition: What Are the Options?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Gauthier Limpens ◽  
Hervé Jeanmart ◽  
Francois Maréchal
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Days Open

Different scenarios at different scales must be studied to help define long term policies to decarbonate our societies. In this work, we analyse the Belgian energy system in 2035 for different carbon emission targets, and accounting for electricity, heat, and mobility. To achieve this objective, we applied the EnergyScope Typical Days open source model, which optimises both the investment and the operation strategy of a complete energy system for a target year. The model includes 96 technologies and 24 resources that have to supply, hourly, the heat, electricity, mobility, and non-energy demands. In line with other research, we identify and quantify, with a merit order, different technological steps of the energy transition. The lack of endogenous resources in Belgium is highlighted and estimated at 275.6 TWh/y. It becomes obvious that additional potentials shall be obtained by importing renewable fuels and/or electricity, deploying geothermal energy, etc. Aside from a reduction of the energy demand, a mix of solutions is shown to be, by far, the most cost effective to reach low carbon emissions.

Information Processing: Rational and Irrational Transcended

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Literature ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Cost Effective Method

A large and probably increasing proportion of literature on the environment is based on the assumptions of rational choice theory. People are held to be almost errorless maximizers of individual utility. They are seen as being quite clear about their goals, having perfect information about the means to achieve those goals, and being able to calculate rapidly and precisely the exact trade-offs and Bayesian optima that allow them to reach their goals by the most cost-effective method. A further assumption, often unspoken (occasionally even denied) but in practice almost always accepted, is that people’s goals are narrowly individualistic—short-term and narrow, not long-term and wide. This assumption is not really entailed by rational choice theory, but rational choice theorists often make it. Rational choice theory has its uses, but these assumptions are questionable (at the very least). Perhaps the commonest counterview in the environmental literature is based on the assumption that rational individualism is a product of the modern capitalist world, and that other peoples have based their lives on more communitarian and ecologically sensitive intuitions. Carolyn Merchant, chronicler of Radical Ecology, provides a particularly powerfully argued summary of the variants of this view. Unfortunately, anthropological evidence shows fairly conclusively that many premodern cultures ruined their environments through shortsighted and wasteful practices (see chapter 8). This chapter argues for a different way of understanding human successes and mistakes. A number of lines of evidence suggest that humans do indeed practice something like the rational calculus but that they are not perfect at it and that they are greatly influenced by social and emotional factors. The result is that their decision making often closely approximates rational choice but often deviates from rational choice models in dramatic but often predictable ways. This fact goes a long way to explain many of the mistakes we see in environmental management. It also helps explain the question posed earlier in this book : Why do people often use religious and mythic institutions to motivate rational behavior? If rational choice theory were adequate, people would not need the panoply of religion and myth to get them to act sensibly.

scholarly journals Current State and Prospects of Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of France

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
A. B. Sekacheva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Current State

This article examines the current state and features of the functioning of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) in France and its development prospects for the period up to 2050 as well. The author paid particular attention to the issues of nuclear power in this country and the possibility of replacing it with alternative sources in the medium and long term. The point of ensuring energy security in the use of nuclear power plants, which is solved thanks to effective state regulation of this industry, is considered. Separately, the author presented the analyses of energy problems of France in the interaction with the supranational structures of the European Union and considered the participation of this country in the development of a common energy policy for the integration. The author determined the advantages of the French fuel and energy sector in comparison with other EU member states. The results of the study substantiated conclusions about the prospects for further development in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy. These prospects the author outlined in the country’s national carbon reduction strategy and long-Term energy program. Currently, achieving the targets set out in these documents is a difficult task, hence the inconsistency that is evident in the state energy policy. It is primarily due to the future of nuclear energy, which France has disagreed with the EU leadership and leading member States.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Antithrombotic Therapy for DVT/PE

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Hyers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Long Term Therapy

SummaryProblems with unfractionated heparin as an antithrombotic have led to the development of new therapeutic agents. Of these, low molecular weight heparin shows great promise and has led to out-patient therapy of DVT/PE in selected patients. Oral anticoagulants remain the choice for long-term therapy. More cost-effective ways to give oral anticoagulants are needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document