scholarly journals The Asian Rice Sector at a Crossroads

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarendu Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Key Issues

This paper examined the trend in Asian rice production, role of rice in human nutrition and documents structure of rice market in major Asian Countries, by analyzing supply demand and trade scenarios for the fast five decades. Country wise data from FAOSTAT and WTO were collected for the past five decades, to analyze key issues related to rice sector with special focus on rice markets in Asia. Rice Area and production has been increased significantly at higher rate than the population growth rate in Asia over the past fifty years. This resulted in increase of per capita availability of rice and contributed significantly to nutrition security. However, there are wide imbalances in supply-demand across Asian countries. Thus rice trade has become a major global economic activity in the recent past. The structural changes in global rice markets are discussed in detail in the paper.

New Agendas for Special Education Policy: What the National Reports Haven't Said

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Pugach ◽  
Mara Sapon-Shevin
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Special Education Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The calls for educational reform that have dominated the professional and lay literature for the past few years have been decidedly silent in discussing the role of special education either as a contributor or a solution to the problems being raised. As an introduction to this “Special Focus” on the relationship between general educational reform and special education, this article summarizes some of the more prominent reports with regard to their treatment (and nontreatment) of special education. The impact of proposed reforms for the conceptualization and operation of special education is the subject of the five articles that follow.

Reform in the Rail and Electricity sectors in Russia: Restructuring, Competition and the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Experience ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Sectors

The Russian Federation is in the process of making major structural changes to its railway and electricity sectors. Both sectors will be at least partly vertically disintegrated, with the aim of creating competition in the “upstream” sector while maintaining state ownership and control of the monopoly “grid”. This paper examines the details of reform and restructuring in the context of the international experience with reform and restructuring in these two sectors, and considers the role of the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy in reform, both in the past as an “advocate for competition” within the government, and in the future as the guarantor of non-discriminatory access to the grids by non-integrated upstream producers.

A survey of instrumented indentation studies on metallic glasses

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Schuh ◽  
T.G. Nieh
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Shear Banding ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rate Dependent

The development of instrumented nanoindentation equipment has occurred concurrently with the discovery of many new families of bulk metallic glass during the past decade. While indentation testing has long been used to assess the mechanical properties of metallic glasses, depth-sensing capabilities offer a new approach to study the fundamental physics behind glass deformation. This article is a succinct review of the research to date on the indentation of metallic glasses. In addition to standard hardness measurements, the onset of plasticity in metallic glasses is reviewed as well as the role of shear banding in indentation, structural changes beneath the indenter, and rate-dependent effects measured by nanoindentation. The article concludes with perspectives about the future directions for nanocontact studies on metallic glasses.

scholarly journals The interplay of transverse degrees of freedom and axial-vector mesons with short-distance constraints in g−2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Masjuan ◽  
Pablo Roig ◽  
Pablo Sanchez Puertas
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Axial Vector ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Vector Mesons ◽  
Distance Constraints ◽  
The Past

Abstract We revisit well-known short-distance constraints relating the hadronic light-by light Green's function to the〈VVA〉one, that have been a subject of debate over the past years in the context of the muon (g-2). Specifically, we identify a relation among the longitudinal and transverse degrees of freedom that is enforced by the axial anomaly that, by contrast, has not received attention in the past. Such relation allows, among other things, to overcome the problem of basis ambiguities when describing axial-vector mesons transition form factors, but further applications are discussed as well, with special focus on the role of axial-vector mesons in the HLbL contribution to the muon (g-2). Our results should also contribute to a better understanding of the, so far, controversial interplay among short-distance constraints with longitudinal and transverse degrees of freedom, such as axial-vector mesons. This is key to confront the theoretical and experimental result for the muon (g-2) that, currently, exhibits a 4.2σ tension.

scholarly journals La desmemoria en la historia oficial : reflexiones sobre la memoria y el olvido en el exilio español

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
José Antonio Mérida Donoso
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Past

The concepts of (collective) memory and history are similar in that they both deal with the notion of identity, yet diverge in their methods and dwell on the past events in different ways. History has now started to be regarded as an objective - a doubtful, though desirable attribute - "human" or "social" science, while memory remains the space of subjective experience. This article presents a series of reflections on Spain's recent past, focusing on the role of literature in preserving the collective memory and constructing a social identity.

scholarly journals Peripheral Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain—The Role of Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Interactions and Their Implications for Topical Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kocot-Kępska ◽  
Renata Zajączkowska ◽  
Joanna Mika ◽  
Jerzy Wordliczek ◽  
Jan Dobrogowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Topical Analgesics ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Neuropathic pain in humans arises as a consequence of injury or disease of somatosensory nervous system at peripheral or central level. Peripheral neuropathic pain is more common than central neuropathic pain, and is supposed to result from peripheral mechanisms, following nerve injury. The animal models of neuropathic pain show extensive functional and structural changes occurring in neuronal and non-neuronal cells in response to peripheral nerve injury. These pathological changes following damage lead to peripheral sensitization development, and subsequently to central sensitization initiation with spinal and supraspinal mechanism involved. The aim of this narrative review paper is to discuss the mechanisms engaged in peripheral neuropathic pain generation and maintenance, with special focus on the role of glial, immune, and epithelial cells in peripheral nociception. Based on the preclinical and clinical studies, interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells have been described, pointing out at the molecular/cellular underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain, which might be potentially targeted by topical treatments in clinical practice. The modulation of the complex neuro-immuno-cutaneous interactions in the periphery represents a strategy for the development of new topical analgesics and their utilization in clinical settings.

scholarly journals A Sociotechnical Framework for Smart Urban Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaxiong Jiang ◽  
Stan Geertman ◽  
Patrick Witte
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Urban Contexts

Over the past decade, the dominant entrepreneurial form of urban governance has seriously hindered the transformation of cities by neglecting the role of urban contexts in shaping governance structures and outcomes. To promote alternatives, this article presents a sociotechnical framework for smart urban governance. This framework explicitly examines the impacts of urban contexts on the sociotechnical interaction between urban technological innovation and urban governance in the realm of smart cities. Three real-world cases were used to demonstrate how the framework can be applied in different urban contexts. The results show that the alleged smartness in smart urban governance by no means implies the simple acceptance, adoption, and use of technology; instead, it needs to be conditionate. For successful smart urban governance, urban technological innovation should be effectively attuned to the wider urban actors and preexisting urban challenges (i.e., the urban governance process), with a special focus on the urban context.

scholarly journals SAPONINS AND SAPOGENINS OF AGAVE WITH RESPECT TO DIVERSE PHARMACOLOGICAL ROLE OF HECOGENIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
DEEPA K. INGAWALE (MANDLIK)
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Steroidal Sapogenin ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agave Sisalana ◽  
Agave Cantala

The review outlines the current understandings of saponins and sapogenins in agave species with special focus on pharmacological role of hecogenin in numerous preclinical studies. A systematic literature survey was done on the pharmacological activities of hecogenin during the past 40 y with electronic databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus. Hecogenin, a steroidal sapogenin found abundantly in the leaves of Agave genus species such as, Agave sisalana, Agave cantala, Agave aurea and many more. This phytosteroid (hecogenin) is used as initial material for the synthesis of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Hecogenin has exhibited potential role in the management of a number of disorders such as inflammation, arthritis, cancer, gastric ulcer, cardiotonic and larvicidal activity. In this review, we have summarized the saponins and sapogenins present in the Agave species and pharmacological roles of hecogenin with their mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Molecular Crosstalking among Noncoding RNAs: A New Network Layer of Genome Regulation in Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ragusa ◽  
Cristina Barbagallo ◽  
Duilia Brex ◽  
Angela Caponnetto ◽  
Matilde Cirnigliaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes

Over the past few years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been extensively studied because of the significant biological roles that they play in regulation of cellular mechanisms. ncRNAs are associated to higher eukaryotes complexity; accordingly, their dysfunction results in pathological phenotypes, including cancer. To date, most research efforts have been mainly focused on how ncRNAs could modulate the expression of protein-coding genes in pathological phenotypes. However, recent evidence has shown the existence of an unexpected interplay among ncRNAs that strongly influences cancer development and progression. ncRNAs can interact with and regulate each other through various molecular mechanisms generating a complex network including different species of RNAs (e.g., mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs). Such a hidden network of RNA-RNA competitive interactions pervades and modulates the physiological functioning of canonical protein-coding pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis in cancer. Moreover, the pivotal role of ncRNAs as keystones of network structural integrity makes them very attractive and promising targets for innovative RNA-based therapeutics. In this review we will discuss: (1) the current knowledge on complex crosstalk among ncRNAs, with a special focus on cancer; and (2) the main issues and criticisms concerning ncRNAs targeting in therapeutics.

Minority Rights and the Constitutional Dilemmas of Pakistan

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-443
Author(s):  
Javaid Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Role Of Religion

Rights of religious minorities and the role of religion within the constitutional framework represent two key issues which have dominated Pakistan's fifty-four years of political history. This article analyses Pakistan's constitutional approaches towards its religious minorities. This analysis reveals that the State has been unable to establish a coherent constitutional framework in which to protect its religious minorities. Furthermore, as a consequence of politicisation of religion over the past three decades, Pakistan's religious minorities are increasingly being victimised and persecuted. The article identifies a number of laws and practices through which discrimination has been perpetuated and highlights the existing unfortunate situation of religious minorities within Pakistan.

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