scholarly journals Costs and Returns Structure in Bottle Gourd on the Contract Vis-a-Vis Non-Contract Farms in the Jaipur District of Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Singh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Income Family ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Business Income ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm Business

The present investigation was undertaken with a view to studying the costs and returns structure by the contract and non-contract farmers under contract farming of bottle gourd. Primary data were collected for the agricultural year 2015-16. The cost concepts were used. The results of the study revealed that all types of incomes viz., gross income, family labour income, farm business income and net income were higher on the contract farms than on the non-contract farms. The net income per hectare from bottle gourd was 31.69 per cent higher on the contract farms as compared to the non-contract farms. The total costs were higher on contract farms than on non-contract farms. The net profit was higher on contract farms than on non-contract farms. Returns per rupee were higher on contract farms (` 1.82) than non-contract farms (`1.69).

scholarly journals Cost structure of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
J. M. Khichadiya ◽  
J. J. Makadia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Labour Income ◽  
Income Family ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Farm Business

This study was undertaken to determine economic analysis of production of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat during the year 2019-20.The study indicated that Bt cotton was a labour-intensive crop as farmer incurred highest share of 27.85 per cent and 10.95 per cent of cost of cultivation on hired labour charges and family labour charges, respectively. Overall, per hectare Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were found to be Rs. 54840, Rs. 55847, Rs. 63487, Rs. 63808 and Rs. 71448, respectively. The average annual yield of Bt cotton was 21.15 quintal per ha. Per quintal average cost of production over Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2,Cost C1 and Cost C2 were in the tune of Rs. 2592.90, Rs. 2640.52, Rs. 3001.74, Rs. 3016.92 and Rs. 3378.16, respectively. On over all basis, per hectare farm business income, family labour income and net income were Rs. 55410.66, Rs. 46763.66 and Rs. 38802.66, respectively. The returns per rupee on investment on Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were Rs. 2.01, Rs. 1.97, Rs.1.73, Rss 1.72 and Rs. 1.54 per hectare of Bt cotton cultivation, respectively.

Economic Aspects of Mustard Cultivation in Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

The results revealed that on an overall average size of landholding was estimated to be 0.97 ha. The total cultivated area at all categories of sample farms were found to be irrigated. Overall average, cost of cultivation was estimated `27819.43 per ha. The cost of cultivation showed positive relation with size of holding. The cost of cultivation was highest on medium farms (`32549.25) followed by small (`31528.40 and marginal (`29171.74), respectively. Overall average, cost of production was estimated `2446.44 per hectare. On an average input-output ratio on the basis Costs A1/A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 were recorded 1:2.86, 1:2.77, 1:1.91, 1:1.89 and 1:1.46, respectively. On the basis of Cost C2 input-output ratio was highest on marginal farms (1:1.47) followed by small (1:1.44) and medium (1:1.43), respectively. Overall average, net income and gross income were found `9859.33 and 40028.69 per ha, respectively.

B. ANALISA KELAYAKAN BISNIS PADA UMKM (Study Kasus Pada Usaha Tempe Murni Ita)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Agus Jonikar Ndraha ◽  
Avan Joko Prasetyawan ◽  
Ida Kurnia Wati ◽  
Ilmia Cahyasari ◽  
Nafa Alya Shintya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Gross Income

Abstrak Tahun demi tahun, persaingan bisnis tempe di wilayah Surabaya kian ketat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah studi untuk mengkaji kelayakan bisnis tersebut. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah Sebagai acuan untuk mengetahui semua biaya produksi, pendapatan kotor dan pendapatan bersih usaha tempe serta kelayakan usaha tempe di Surabaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah Sukomanunggal dengan menggunakan metode surve. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Rata-rata biaya total sebesar Rp 2.144.590 yang dihasilkan dari penjumlahan biaya tetap rata-rata sebesar Rp 160.590 dengan biaya variabel rata-rata sebesar Rp 1.984.000. Laba bersih rata-rata sekitar Rp 955.410 dari pendapatan rata-rata sebesar Rp 3.100.000 dikurangi dengan semua pengeluaran Rp 2.144.590. Analisis kewajaran usaha adalah dengan menyusun pendapatan dan pengeluaran secara keseluruhan. Rata-rata semua pendapatan Rp 3.100.000 dan semua pengeluaran rata-rata sebesar Rp 2.144.590. Dengan rasio 1,45 usaha tempe murni ITA layak untuk dijalankan.  Kata Kunci : Biaya produksi, Pendapatan kotor, Pendapatan bersih, Kelayakan usaha   Abstract From year to year, Tempe business competition in the Surabaya area is getting tougher. Therefore a study is needed to study the feasibility of the business. The purpose of this paper is as a reference to find out all the production costs, gross income, and net income of tempe businesses and the feasibility of tempe businesses in Surabaya. The study was carried out in the Sukomanunggal area using a survey method. The results showed that: The average total cost of Rp 2,144,590 resulted from the sum of the average fixed costs of Rp 160,590 with an average variable cost of Rp 1,984,000. Net profit averaged around Rp. 955,410 from an average income of Rp. 3,100,000 minus all expenses of Rp. 2,144,590. The reasonableness of business analysis is to compile overall income and expenditure. The average income of all Rp 3,100,000 and all expenses averaged Rp 2,144,590. With a ratio of 1.45, pure ITA tempe business is feasible to run.  Keywords : Production costs, Gross income, Net income, Business feasibility

Impact of occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture on farm business income in source households of Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561-1576
Author(s):  
Bodrul Islam ◽  
Pradyut Guha
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Unskilled Labourer

PurposeThe present study aims at examining the determinants of occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture and their impact on farm business income (FBI) in Assam, India.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data for this study were collected during June–November, 2019 from 224 farm (cultivator) households in two contiguous districts in central Brahmaputra valley of Assam. The study used three-stage least square (3SLS) estimation technique for jointly determining the factors influencing migration and remittances and their impact on FBI.FindingsThe result of this study confirms that occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture significantly reduced household FBI. In contrast to the inflow of remittances from migrants helped in increasing the FBI. The migration in the study area considerably influenced by household size, total value of assets holding, networking influence, distance to commercial bank and flood proneness of the village; while the number of migrants, number of dependents and age of migrants seen to be strong predictor of inflow of remittances. Findings of present study offer evidence in support of the new economics of labour migration (NELM) theory.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is restricted to a single crop (paddy) and constrained by the collection of longitudinal data with a revisit to the farm household pre and post-migration of the unskilled labourer from household agriculture.Originality/valueThis paper is based on a novel data set that has especially been collected to examine the determinants of occupational migration from agriculture and their impact on the FBI in Assam that has not been studied before.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rural Entrepreneurship with Value Added Regram (Cajanus cajan) Using Mini Dal Mill

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Afifa Jahan ◽  
R. Arunjyothi ◽  
M. Jagan Mohan Reddy ◽  
T. Prabhakar Reddy ◽  
A. Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
The Cost

Pulses processing is a very huge business in India. In India, split of pulses are prepared called as “Dal” or “Dhal”. Regdram cultivating farmers are demotivated as there net returns are low due to continuous market fluctuation in prices of Redgram and this is becoming the reason for decrease in area of cultivation under Redgram. Milling pulses improves bio-availability of nutrients and Partial or complete removal of antinutritional and toxic compounds making it nutritive for human consumption. Mini dal mill is low investment enterprise to improve the net income of farmers. The present study concluded that the average gross income through sale of Redgram is Rs 41.3/KG without processing and Rs 63/KG with processing. The profitability is more with the processing of Redgram. The cost benefit ratio is 1:1.18 without processing and 1:1.80 with processing. Hence farmers must be educated to develop entrepreneurship and promote value added Redgram using mini dal mill.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FULL COSTING DAN VARIABLE COSTING UNTUK MENENTUKAN LABA BERSIH PT. BHASKARA MADYA JAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Nia Agustin Pratama ◽  
Teguh Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Cost

With the addition of profits, the company can pay all costs that are sacrificed, so that the company's operational activities are guaranteed and can run well. The problems examined in this study are intended to find out how the comparison of recording costs using the full costing method and variable costing affects the net profit of PT Bhaskara Madya Jaya. Both of these methods simultaneously involve raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs. What distinguishes the full costing method using fixed factory overhead loads and variable, if the variable costing only adds to the variable overhead load. Production costs that are not included in the raw material and direct labor costs are the overhead of the manufacturing plant itself. Descriptive method with a quantitative approach is the model of this research. With the use of saturated sampling. Documentation is a data collection technique that researchers use. The results of the study and details obtained by comparing the full costing method and variable costing. In detailing the cost of production, the full costing method produced a greater than the costing variable, this is due to the full costing method adding all the elements of costs, variable costs or fixed costs . Then from the results of the breakdown of net income, using the full costing method, the nominal profit is found to be far less than using the variable costing method.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Paddy Cultivation in Cuddalore District

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
E. Ragunath ◽  
R. Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Paddy Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Crop ◽  
The Cost

In this paper an attempt was made to analyze economics of paddy cultivation in Cuddalore district. Based on area under paddy, three blocks namely Kurinjipadi, Kumaratchi and Vridhachalam were selected. The total sample size was 120 paddy growers. The study revealed that area and production of paddy crop was declining during the period 1998-2008 while the productivity was growing positively during the same period. During 2009-2019, compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of paddy was depicting an increasing trend due to the role-played by high yielding varieties which created greater affinity towards paddy crop. The cost of production of paddy per hectare was estimated to be Rs. 56,617. The average gross income was found to be Rs. 92,077 per hectare and net income was observed to be Rs. 29,712 per hectare. Excessive usage of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers could be reduced to decrease the production cost and increase the efficiency of inputs. Adoption of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method was suggested to increase the productivity of paddy.

An Analysis of Farm Profitability of KVK Adopted and Non-Adopted Farmers in Chhattisgarh

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Farm Profitability ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
The Cost

In this study, an attempt was made to measure the farm profitability of KVK adopted and non-adopted farmers in the Janjgir district of Chhattisgarh. From Janjgir Krishi Vigyan Kendra, a list of 45 adopted farmers was obtained, and equal numbers of non-adopted farmers were selected using a proportionate random sampling method. The study was based on primary data collected from various sample respondents. Primary data were collected using pretested interview schedule and personal interview of selected respondents by survey method. The study revealed that the majority of adopted farmers belonged to the young aged category while more than half of the respondents were illiterate. The majority of farmers belonged to the OBC category. The cost and return in rice production showed that rice production was profitable. Adopted farmer made gross income 101641 ha and non-adopted farmer 99496.6 ha -1 -1 while the cost of production per hectare was 822.04 and 893.72 of adopted and non-adopted farmers, respectively.

scholarly journals Analisis Pendapatan Industri Tahu di Kota Wamena

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1250-1261
Author(s):  
Rein Rumbiak ◽  
◽  
Lulus Sedavit ◽  
Sumiyati Tuhuteru
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Business Income ◽  
The Cost

Agricultural cannot development without the support of the economic sector, especially industry, in this case the development of the agricultural product processing industry (agro-industry) is one of the priorities in national development in industrial sector. Tofu processing business income is very dependent on the selling price of the product and the costs incurred to produce tofu, the higher the product selling price and the lower the cost, the higher the business income. This study aims to determine the level of profit obtained by each industry that has been operating for a long time. The research was conducted in July - September 2018, on the tofu industry in Wamena City. The method used is a case study method with the type of data collected including primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method uses Cost Analysis, Revenue Analysis, and Income Analysis. The results showed that the tofu "Tahu Tempe Jaya" industry was not profitable, compared to the tofu "Tahu Ayu Rezeki" industry which was profitable.

THE EFFECT OF PRODUCTION COST TO NET PROFIT; A CASE STUDY OF PT. INDORAMA SYNTHETICS TBK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Mutia Wulandari ◽  
Ahmad Abror ◽  
Manohara Inggita
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Net Profit

Production is the largest cost part of the company. A production process at each company would require a considerable cost. “Production costs are costs incurred in order to process raw materials into products and goods are ready for sale. This study aims to determine how much influence the cost of production to net income. Abstract This study used descriptive method with quantitative approach. The population used in this study was the financial statements; costs production statement, Profit and loss statement from the year 2010-2014 of PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Sample selection has done by using purposive sampling method with amount of data processed 6 years. The data used are primary data. Data were tested using SPSS 21.0, the data analysis used was simple regression analysis, correlation analysis, determination coefficient analysis and hypothesis test using parameter significance test (t test). The result of this research show that partially production cost have a significant effect to net profit. Based on t-test known that the hypothesis was accepted since the t count was higher than t-table value. The t-count was equal to 3,095, while the t-table was 2,776, with a significant value of 0.036 smaller than 0.05, which means that production costs significantly affect net income at PT Indorama Synthetics Tbk.

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