scholarly journals Relationship between maxillary sinuses’ shapes and their contacts with upper jaw teeth roots according to computer tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
M.B. Cherkes
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Triangular Shape ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
Tooth Roots ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Background. Rhinosinusitis, affecting both maxillary and other sinuses, is a multidisciplinary issue which otolaryngologists, dentists, neurologists and ophthalmologists are constantly dealing with. There is a remarkable diagnostic value of anthropometric indicators of maxillary sinuses of people of different genders, using CT scan images of mature age patients. Purpose – establish a relationship between the shape of the maxillary sinuses and possible contacts of the tooth roots of the maxillary dental arch in healthy mature men and women. Materials and methods. The study was performed based on the results of 102 CBCT with normal maxillary sinuses variations in adults in the frontal and sagittal plane. The examinations were performed on Point 3D Combi 500 cone-beam tomograph. The paper belongs to the «description of case series» category whis is a type of study recognized by evidence based medicine and does not claim statistical significance of the results. Results and discussion. When examining the computer tomograms of men and women in the study group, it has been found out how the shape of the maxillary sinuses (MS) affects the contact of the tooth roots with the cortical plate and the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses. Six main shapes of the MS are defined: trapezoidal, square, round, oval, rectangular and triangular. In the frontal plane of CBCT, the most frequent contact with the MS cortical plate is observed in the triangular and rectangular shape of the MS, that is: in the MS rectangular shape it is in contact with the 15th, 25th tooth root in 13 people (56.5% of cases) and in the triangular shape – with the 15th, 25th tooth root in 17 people (56.5% of cases). Analyzing CBCT in the sagittal plane, the most frequent contact with the cortical plate of the left MS is observed in the MS triangular shape, namely – the sinus is in contact with the 25th tooth root in 38 people (59.4% of cases). In the sagittal plane of CBCT, the contact with the tooth roots was rarely observed in the MS square and round shape. In the MS square shape, the 13th and 14th tooth roots do not come into contact with its cortical plate, and, with the mucous membrane, there is no contact of all the roots of the teeth except the 16th, in 1 person only. Conclusions. The results of the study have made it possible to trace a number of patterns of influence of the maxillary sinus shape on the tooth roots contacting it. The contact of the MS cortical plate is most often observed with 16th and 26th tooth roots, while the MS mucous membrane – with 17th and 27th tooth roots of the upper jaw. It was found that in any shape of sinus in the frontal plane, no contact of the 13th, 23rd and 24th tooth roots of the maxillary dental arch with the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus was detected. In the CBCT frontal plane, it has been found that the most frequent contact with the MS cortical plate is observed in triangular, trapezoidal and rectangular form of the MS, and the rarest one – in oval, square and round form of MS. The study has established that in the sagittal plane of CBCT the most frequent contact with the MS cortical plate is observed in the MS triangular shape, and the rarest – in the round one.

scholarly journals Using Biofeedback to Reduce Step Length Asymmetry Impairs Dynamic Balance in People Poststroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110193
Author(s):  
Sungwoo Park ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Natalia Sánchez ◽  
Julie K. Tilson ◽  
Sara J. Mulroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Functional Gait ◽  
Full Body

Background People poststroke often walk with a spatiotemporally asymmetric gait, due in part to sensorimotor impairments in the paretic lower extremity. Although reducing asymmetry is a common objective of rehabilitation, the effects of improving symmetry on balance are yet to be determined. Objective We established the concurrent validity of whole-body angular momentum as a measure of balance, and we determined if reducing step length asymmetry would improve balance by decreasing whole-body angular momentum. Methods We performed clinical balance assessments and measured whole-body angular momentum during walking using a full-body marker set in a sample of 36 people with chronic stroke. We then used a biofeedback-based approach to modify step length asymmetry in a subset of 15 of these individuals who had marked asymmetry and we measured the resulting changes in whole-body angular momentum. Results When participants walked without biofeedback, whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal and frontal plane was negatively correlated with scores on the Berg Balance Scale and Functional Gait Assessment supporting the validity of whole-body angular momentum as an objective measure of dynamic balance. We also observed that when participants walked more symmetrically, their whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal plane increased rather than decreased. Conclusions Voluntary reductions of step length asymmetry in people poststroke resulted in reduced measures of dynamic balance. This is consistent with the idea that after stroke, individuals might have an implicit preference not to deviate from their natural asymmetry while walking because it could compromise their balance. Clinical Trials Number: NCT03916562.

scholarly journals DOES BRAIN ACTIVATION DURING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT TASKS DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN GOOD AND BAD MOVERS? AN INTEGRATED NEUROIMAGING ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR CONTROL IN YOUNG ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0013
Author(s):  
Manish Anand ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh ◽  
Scott Bonnette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Timing Error ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Increased Activity

Background: Aberrant frontal and sagittal plane knee motor control biomechanics contribute to increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. Emergent data further indicates alterations in brain function may underlie ACL injury high risk biomechanics and primary injury. However, technical limitations have limited our ability to assess direct linkages between maladaptive biomechanics and brain function. Hypothesis/Purpose: (1) Increased frontal plane knee range of motion would associate with altered brain activity in regions important for sensorimotor control and (2) increased sagittal plane knee motor control timing error would associate with altered activity in sensorimotor control brain regions. Methods: Eighteen female high-school basketball and volleyball players (14.7 ± 1.4 years, 169.5 ± 7 cm, 65.8 ± 20.5 kg) underwent brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a bilateral, combined hip, knee, and ankle flexion/extension movements against resistance (i.e., leg press) Figure 1(a). The participants completed this task to a reference beat of 1.2 Hz during four movement blocks of 30 seconds each interleaved in between 5 rest blocks of 30 seconds each. Concurrent frontal and sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) kinematics were measured using an MRI-compatible single camera motion capture system. Results: Increased frontal plane ROM was associated with increased brain activity in one cluster extending over the occipital fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus ( p = .003, z > 3.1). Increased sagittal plane motor control timing error was associated with increased brain activity in multiple clusters extending over the occipital cortex (lingual gyrus), frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex ( p < .001, z > 3.1); see Figure 1 (b). Conclusion: The associations of increased knee frontal plane ROM and sagittal plane timing error with increased activity in regions that integrate visuospatial information may be indicative of an increased propensity for knee injury biomechanics that are, in part, driven by reduced spatial awareness and an inability to adequately control knee abduction motion. Increased activation in these regions during movement tasks may underlie an impaired ability to control movements (i.e., less neural efficiency), leading to compromised knee positions during more complex sports scenarios. Increased activity in regions important for cognition/attention associating with motor control timing error further indicates a neurologically inefficient motor control strategy. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Association between Odontogenic and Maxillary Sinus Conditions: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2849
Author(s):  
Piotr Kuligowski ◽  
Aleksandra Jaroń ◽  
Olga Preuss ◽  
Ewa Gabrysz-Trybek ◽  
Joanna Bladowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Odontogenic infections can directly trigger maxillary sinusitis. CBCT is an excellent choice for precise examination of maxillary sinuses and hard tissues within the oral cavity. The objective of this retrospective and the cross-sectional study was to analyze the influence of odontogenic conditions on the presence and intensity of maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening using CBCT imaging. Moreover, periodontal bone loss and anatomic relationship between adjacent teeth and maxillary sinuses were assessed to evaluate its possible impact on creating maxillary thickening. The study sample consisted of 200 maxillary sinuses of 100 patients visible on CBCT examination with a field of view of 13 × 15 cm. The presented study revealed a significant influence of periapical lesions, inappropriate endodontic treatment, severe caries, and extracted teeth on the presence of increased thickening of maxillary sinus mucous membrane. In addition, an increase in the distance between root apices and maxillary sinus floor triggered a significant reduction of maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening. The presence of periodontal bone loss significantly increases maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening.

scholarly journals Biologically Inspired Design and Development of a Variable Stiffness Powered Ankle-Foot Prosthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Agboola-Dobson ◽  
Guowu Wei ◽  
Lei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Passive Rotation ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Biologically Inspired Design

Recent advancements in powered lower limb prostheses have appeased several difficulties faced by lower limb amputees by using a series-elastic actuator (SEA) to provide powered sagittal plane flexion. Unfortunately, these devices are currently unable to provide both powered sagittal plane flexion and two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) at the ankle, removing the ankle’s capacity to invert/evert, thus severely limiting terrain adaption capabilities and user comfort. The developed 2-DOF ankle system in this paper allows both powered flexion in the sagittal plane and passive rotation in the frontal plane; an SEA emulates the biomechanics of the gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon for flexion while a novel universal-joint system provides the 2-DOF. Several studies were undertaken to thoroughly characterize the capabilities of the device. Under both level- and sloped-ground conditions, ankle torque and kinematic data were obtained by using force-plates and a motion capture system. The device was found to be fully capable of providing powered sagittal plane motion and torque very close to that of a biological ankle while simultaneously being able to adapt to sloped terrain by undergoing frontal plane motion, thus providing 2-DOF at the ankle. These findings demonstrate that the device presented in this paper poses radical improvements to powered prosthetic ankle-foot device (PAFD) design.

scholarly journals Habitual Physical Activity as a Determinant of the Effect of Moderate Physical Exercise on Postural Control in Older Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Stemplewski ◽  
Janusz Maciaszek ◽  
Maciej Tomczak ◽  
Robert Szeklicki ◽  
Dorota Sadowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of exercise on postural control (PC) among the elderly with lower or higher level of habitual physical activity (HPA). The study involved 17 elderly men (mean age 72.9 ± 4.79 years). Mean velocity of the center of pressure (COP) displacements was measured using a force plate both before and after cycle ergometer exercise. A significantly higher increase in mean velocity of COP displacements and its component in the sagittal plane were observed in the group with lower level of HPA in comparison with the group with higher HPA level. Simultaneously, a relatively similar reaction to the exercise in the frontal plane was observed in both groups, possibly connected to the specific type of used exercise, which mainly activated the sagittal muscles.

Correlation between craniovertebral angle in the sagittal plane and angles and indices measured in the frontal plane at the moment of inducing forward head posture

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samira Molaeifar ◽  
Farzaneh Yazdani ◽  
Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Craniovertebral Angle

BACKGROUND: Forward head posture (FHP) is the most common malposition in the head and neck area. With the growing use of digital devices, the prevalence of FHP may be expected to increase dramatically. Thus far, FHP has been evaluated only in the sagittal plane. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure angles and indices from anatomical landmarks in the frontal plane and determine the possible correlations between these variables and craniovertebral angle (CVA) as an index of FHP in the sagittal plane. METHODS: Fifty eight healthy individuals (29 men, 29 women) between 18 and 40 years old participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were evaluated with an 8-camera motion analysis system. After markers were placed on predetermined landmarks, the participants were asked to maintain their head and neck in the neutral position for 5 seconds. Then participants induced FHP by flexing and lowering their head. The correlation between CVA and a set of angles and indices was calculated at the moment of FHP induction. RESULTS: A moderate correlation was observed between 3-D CVA and the angle formed between the sternum and both tragi for the whole sample and separately in both sexes. A moderate negative correlation was observed between 3-D CVA and height, weight, and BMI in women. A moderate negative correlation was observed between 3-D CVA and height, weight, BMI, and hours on digital devices in men. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in CVA in the sagittal plane can be predicted from changes in the angle formed between the midpoint of the sternum and the left and right tragi in the frontal plane.

scholarly journals Static Range of Motion of the First Metatarsal in the Sagittal and Frontal Planes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Tavara-Vidalón ◽  
Manuel Monge-Vera ◽  
Guillermo Lafuente-Sotillos ◽  
Gabriel Domínguez-Maldonado ◽  
Pedro Munuera-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Future Design ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Medial Cuneiform ◽  
First Ray ◽  
Degree Equation

The first metatarsal and medial cuneiform form an important functional unit in the foot, called “first ray”. The first ray normal range of motion (ROM) is difficult to quantify due to the number of joints that are involved. Several methods have previously been proposed. Controversy exists related to normal movement of the first ray frontal plane accompanying that in the sagittal plane. The objective of this study was to investigate the ROM of the first ray in the sagittal and frontal planes in normal feet. Anterior-posterior radiographs were done of the feet of 40 healthy participants with the first ray in a neutral position, maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantarflexed. They were digitalized and the distance between the tibial malleolus and the intersesamoid crest in the three positions mentioned was measured. The rotation of the first ray in these three positions was measured. A polynomic function that fits a curve describing the movement observed in the first ray was obtained using the least squares method. ROM of the first ray in the sagittal plane was 6.47 (SD 2.59) mm of dorsiflexion and 6.12 (SD 2.55) mm of plantarflexion. ROM in the frontal plane was 2.69 (SD 4.03) degrees of inversion during the dorsiflexion and 2.97 (SD 2.72) degrees during the plantarflexion. A second-degree equation was obtained, which represents the movement of the first ray. Passive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the first ray were accompanied by movements in the frontal plane: 0.45 degrees of movement were produced in the frontal plane for each millimeter of displacement in the sagittal plane. These findings might be useful for the future design of instruments for clinically quantifying first ray mobility.

scholarly journals 3D kinematic analysis of patients’ gait before and after unilateral total hip replacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Kolářová ◽  
Tomáš Vodička ◽  
Michal Bozděch ◽  
Martin Repko
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Analysis System

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe changes in the kinematic parameters in the patients’ gait after total hip replacement. Methods: Research group of men in the end stage of osteoarthritis indicated to the THR (n = 10; age 54.1 ± 7.5 years; weight 92.2 ± 9.6 kg; height 179.7 ± 5.9 cm). All participants underwent a total of three measurements: before surgery, 3 and 6 months after the surgery. Using the 3D kinematic analysis system, the patients’ gait was recorded during each measurement session and kinematic analysis was carried out. The parameters that were monitored included the sagittal range of motion while walking in the ankle, the knee and the hip joints of the operated and the unoperated limb, and the range in the hip joint’s frontal plane, the rotation of pelvis in the frontal and transverse planes, as well as the speed of walking and the walking step length. Results: Significant increases were found in sagittal range of motion in the operated hip joint, sagittal range of motion in the ankle joint on the unoperated side and in the walking step length of the unoperated limb. Conclusions: During walking after a THR, the sagittal range of motion in the ankle of the unoperated limb increases. Also, the range of motion in the sagittal plane on the operated joint increases, which is related to the lengthening of the step of the unoperated lower limb.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE STATE OF THE MAXILLARY SINUSES IN A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER V. KOLSANOV ◽  
◽  
TATYANA JU. VLADIMIROVA ◽  
PAVEL V. ZELTER ◽  
OLESYA V. ZELYOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Lower Wall ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

The aim of the study was to identify possible changes in the maxillary sinuses during new coronavirus infection in comparison with the changes in the sinuses occurring during acute respiratory infections and to correlate the gender structure of the study groups. Material and methods. The study included 40 patients (18 women and 22 men) with a confirmed new coronavirus infection, hospitalized at the Covid Hospital Clinics of Samara State Medical University in 2020. All patients underwent multispiral computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses on a Ge revolution Evo 128 tomograph on the 10th day after the appearance of the first clinical symptoms. We also examined a control group of patients with acute respiratory infections with similar complaints of impaired sense of smell, rhinorrhea, and upper maxillary sinus discomfort. This group also included 40 people (24 women and 16 men). Statistical processing of the study results was performed using Microsoft Excel software package, the Mann – Whitney method of statistical significance calculation was used. Results and discussions. In 18 (45%) patients with a confirmed new coronavirus infection, a slight mucosal thickening along the lower wall of the maxillary sinuses was found symmetrically on both sides. Six (15%) of them were women and 12 (30%) were men. The age of the examined patients ranged from 31 to 83 years. Chronic sinusitis was noted in the history of 8 (20%) of the examined patients. In 6 (15%) patients with chronic sinusitis no abnormalities were detected in the maxillary sinuses at the time of examination. Two of them had parietal thickening of the mucous membrane along the lower wall of the maxillary sinuses. In the control group, there was significant symmetric parietal thickening of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses in 24 (60%) examined patients (14 women and 10 men). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of changes in the studied and control groups. Conclusion. According to the results of this study, there were no data on the pattern of occurrence of changes in the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses in new coronavirus infection with gender background or the presence of chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinuses in the history compared with the control group of examined patients after acute respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Competitive and Recreational Running Kinematics Examined Using Principal Components Analysis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Wenjing Quan ◽  
Huiyu Zhou ◽  
Datao Xu ◽  
Shudong Li ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Recreational Runners

Kinematics data are primary biomechanical parameters. A principal component analysis (PCA) of waveforms is a statistical approach used to explore patterns of variability in biomechanical curve datasets. Differences in experienced and recreational runners’ kinematic variables are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare any differences in kinematics parameters for competitive runners and recreational runners using principal component analysis in the sagittal plane, frontal plane and transverse plane. Forty male runners were divided into two groups: twenty competitive runners and twenty recreational runners. A Vicon Motion System (Vicon Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK) captured three-dimensional kinematics data during running at 3.3 m/s. The principal component analysis was used to determine the dominating variation in this model. Then, the principal component scores retained the first three principal components and were analyzed using independent t-tests. The recreational runners were found to have a smaller dorsiflexion angle, initial dorsiflexion contact angle, ankle inversion, knee adduction, range motion in the frontal knee plane and hip frontal plane. The running kinematics data were influenced by running experience. The findings from the study provide a better understanding of the kinematics variables for competitive and recreational runners. Thus, these findings might have implications for reducing running injury and improving running performance.

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