scholarly journals REVIEW OF MEDICAL DESCRIPTION OF CERVICAL CYTOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Umbreen Naz ◽  
Farhan Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Mudassar Ashraf ◽  
Shoaib Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Transformation Zone ◽  
Cone Biopsy ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Cervical Area ◽  
Early Phases

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the cervical area or cervix which may present with the vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer gets in advanced stage. Dysplasia seen on cervical biopsy uses the term cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and is grouped into mild (CIN-1), moderate (CIN-2) and severe (CIN-3). The severity of CIN depends upon cellular disorganization, cellular immaturity, increased mitotic activity and nuclear abnormalities. The nuclear atypia, extent of mitotic activity and immature cellular proliferations identifies the degree of dysplasia. Thus, epithelial thickness which shows differentiation is the useful feature in decision about severity of CIN. Treatment of this cancer may be ablative and/ or excision. Cryotherapy is a reasonable treatment of CIN-1 and CIN-2 but not of CIN-3 which is severe cervical carcinoma. Burning the TZ-transformation zone (Electro diathermy) destroys the tissue more effectively than that of cryotherapy but it usually requires general anesthesia, however laser cold coagulations technique requires local anesthesia usually. Laser TZ Excision compromises the fertility. Knife cone biopsy is used as a preferred treatment for removal of abnormal cervical cells. Now the cone biopsy is generally performed using the laser surgery. Early diagnosis of cervical cancer is very necessary for better control and treatment of it. For early phases of cervical carcinoma, the cryotherapy is very reasonable, however in case of late stage of the disease laser methods are used alone or on combination. Therapy will be termed successful if cytology remains negative after at least six months of its treatment.

Increased sialylation and reduced fucosylation of exfoliated cervical cells are potential markers of carcinogenesis in the cervix

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingji Jin ◽  
Seung Cheol Kim ◽  
Hyoung Jin Kim ◽  
Woong Ju ◽  
Yun Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Cancerous Lesions ◽  
Cervical Cells

AbstractBackground:The Pap test has been used for over 50 years for primary screening of cervical cancer. There has been no study of glycosylation changes in Pap test samples despite considerable potential of the glycosylation changes as biomarkers for detecting cancerous lesions. In this study, we developed a 96-well platform for enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs) to evaluate glycosylation levels in cervical cells.Methods:A total of 117 samples of exfoliated cervical cells (ECCs) from 37 individuals with normal cytology, 20 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 19 with CIN 2, 26 with CIN 3 and 15 with cervical cancer were analyzed by ELLAs. The wells of 96-well plates were coated with lysates of the cervical cells, and sialylation and fucosylation levels were compared between the groups.Results:Sialylation levels increased and fucosylation levels decreased with increasing grade of cervical dysplasia. ELLAs for sialylation [ELLA-Conclusions:The sialylation and fucosylation levels of ECCs as measured by ELLAs have great potential as biomarkers for primary screening of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells from patients with risk factors for cervical cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lízia Maria Franco dos Reis Campos ◽  
Francisca da Luz Dias ◽  
Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes ◽  
Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uterine Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Cervical Cells

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Pap smears are the most common and inexpensive screening method for cervical cancer. We analyzed micronucleus prevalence in exfoliated cervical mucosa cells, to investigate associations between increased numbers of micronuclei and risk factors for cervical cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study, at Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON). METHODS: Exfoliated cervical cells were obtained from 101 patients between September 2004 and November 2005. Patients' ages, habits (passive or active smoking, alcoholism and numbers of sexual partners), age at first sexual intercourse, contraceptive methods used, histories of sexually transmitted diseases, use of hormone replacement therapy, numbers of pregnancies and abortions, inflammatory cytology and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were obtained. Cells were collected using Ayre spatulas, transferred to vials containing 0.9% saline solution for micronucleus tests and analyzed at 1000x magnification. The number of micronuclei in 1,000 epithelial cells per patient sample was counted. RESULTS: Comparisons between groups with active (7.9 ± 7.8) and passive (7.2 ± 10.6) smoking versus no smoking (3.7 ± 5.1); with/without alcoholism (7.8 ± 1.4 and 6.9 ± 10.1); with/without inflammatory cytology (10.7 ± 10.5 and 1.3 ± 1.7); and with CIN I, II and III and no CIN (respectively 4.3 ± 4.3, 10.6 ± 5.3, 22.7 ± 11.9 and 1.3 ± 1.4) found elevated micronucleus prevalence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells was greater in patients with one or more risk factors for uterine cervical cancer than in patients without risk factors.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF PROPIONATE ON THE SPECTRUM OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN CERVICAL CELLS DURING DIS- AND NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
E. V. Kayukova ◽  
T. E. Belokrinitskaya ◽  
P. P. Tereshkov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Long Chain

Background.Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is one of the leading links in carcinogenesis. The objective to confirm the hypothesis of a propionate pathway for the synthesis of long-chain acids with an odd number of carbon atoms in cervical cancer.Materials and methods.As samples for the study were biopsies of the colli uteri, from which a suspension of tumor cells was obtained (20 – cervical cancer, 20 – cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III grade, 18 – endocervical scraping from healthy women). The spectrum of fatty acids (FA) was analyzed before, after 24 hours incubation without and with 50 μmol/l propionic acid by the gas chromatography method.Results.Metabolism of FA is multidirectional in different locus in cervical cancer. In the locus of cervical cancer, most likely, there is a propionic pathway for the synthesis of FA using palmitate. In cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III grade, the metabolism of FA is another. Palmitic acid was used for synthesis stearate, which was metabolized to oleic acid.Сonclusion.The specificity of biochemical changes within one organ and one pathology has been revealed, which reflects the stage-by-stage development of the oncological process.

scholarly journals CIN III Diagnosed following Surgical Termination of Pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ciara Mackenzie ◽  
Abiodun Fakokunde ◽  
Abha Govind ◽  
Delaram Kermani
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Transformation Zone ◽  
Cin Iii ◽  
Products Of Conception ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

We present a case of a 30-year-old mother of four who was incidentally diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III following surgical termination of pregnancy. Five years previously a routine smear test had shown mild dyskaryosis but was never repeated. She was referred to colposcopy and, underwent loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) and subsequently vaginal hysterectomy. Without this incidental finding she would have undoubtedly developed cervical cancer. We discuss the deficiencies in current cervical cancer prevention strategies and termination of pregnancy services. We emphasise the importance of ensuring that patients with dyskaryosis are not lost to follow-up and we consider whether there should be clearer guidance on the value of histological examination of products of conception following termination of pregnancy.

Survivin and Telomerase Expression in the Uterine Cervix of Women With Human Papillomavirus-Induced Lesions

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyliana Coutinho Resende Barbosa ◽  
Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da Silva ◽  
José Carlos Corrêa ◽  
Julisa Chamorro Lascasas Ribalta
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survivin Expression ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Invasive Cervical Carcinoma

Introduction:Infection by human papillomavirus is the most important risk factor in the pathogenesis of uterine cervical cancer. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of survivin protein and telomerase enzyme in samples of uterine cervix from women with human papillomavirus-induced lesions and to determine the relationship between survivin and telomerase expression and the different grades of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma.Methods:Biopsy samples from the uterine cervix of 105 women aged 18 to 80 years were analyzed. The patients were divided into 5 groups: WN group, 20 patients without neoplasia; CIN-1 group, 24 patients with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), grade 1; CIN-2 group, 20 patients with CIN grade 2; CIN-3 group, 24 patients with CIN, grade 3; and ICC group, 17 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma. Human papillomavirus detection, telomerase activity, and survivin expression were assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and immunochemistry, respectively.Results:There was a significant increase in the expression of telomerase and survivin associated with the severity of the lesion.Conclusions:The results suggest that mechanisms that promote both cell proliferation (telomerase activity) and cell survival (survivin expression) are active in cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. There was a negative correlation between survivin expression and the number of PCR cycles necessary to detect telomerase activity in the total sample, achieving statistical significance in patients in the CIN-3 group.

DKK-1 in Serum as a Clinical and Prognostic Factor in Patients with Cervical Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Ling Huang ◽  
Shulan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Objectives Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is involved in osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancer development and can become a potential therapeutic target of these diseases. The different expression of DKK-1 in different cancers shows that the function of DKK-1 depends on the histological type of the cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment. Because DKK-1 is a secreted protein, we investigated whether it could be found in the serum of patients with cervical cancer. Study design The expression of DKK-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum of 60 healthy women, 60 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 156 patients with cervical cancer. Detailed treatment information of all 156 patients with cervical cancer and exhaustive follow-up data of 138 patients were collected. Results The levels of serum DKK-1 were significantly increased in patients with cervical cancer (11.90 [SD, 17.28] μg/mL) compared with healthy women (1.48 [SD, 1.86] μg/mL) and patients with CIN (4.77 [SD, 10.24] μg/mL) (p=0.00, p=0.00). The expression of DKK-1 in serum was correlated with lymphatic metastasis and tumor diameter in cervical carcinoma and associated with the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. Conclusions DKK-1 detection with ELISA as a biological marker can be used for the detection and diagnosis of cervical carcinoma. DKK-1 in serum is a good predictor of poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.

A combined ultrastructural and gene molecular research for the relationship between human uterine cervical carcinoma and human papillomavirus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Kun Lee ◽  
Jingyi Si ◽  
Ricai Han ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bingbing Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Normal Cervical Epithelium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Cervicitis

There are more supports for the view that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection might be an etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer when the association of persistent condylomata is considered. Biopsies from 318 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix, 48 with cervical and vulvar condylomata, 14 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 34 with chronic cervicitis and 24 normal cervical epithelium were collected from 5 geographic regions of China with different cervical cancer mortalities. All specimens were prepared for Dot blot, Southern blot and in situ DNA-DNA hybridizations by using HPV-11, 16, 18 DNA labelled with 32P and 3H as probes to detect viral homologous sequences in samples. Among them, 32 cases with cervical cancer, 27 with condyloma and 10 normal cervical epitheliums were randomly chosen for comparative EM observation. The results showed that: 1), 192 out of 318 (60.4%) cases of cervical cancer were positive for HPV-16 DNA probe (Table I)

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