scholarly journals Reflexão sobre Autonomia no Doente Mental: Aspectos Ético -Legais

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1514
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Rodrigues ◽  
Elvira Ferreira ◽  
Carmen Martins ◽  
Teresa Pereira ◽  
Leonel Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Mental Health Nurse ◽  
Health Nurse ◽  
The Look

São vários os significados que podemos atribuir à autonomia, variando de acordo com o olhar de quem se propõe estudá-la, ou como quer respeitá-la nas pessoas. De uma forma mais abrangente, a pessoa autónoma é aquela que tem liberdade de pensamento, livre de coações internas ou externas, para escolher entre as opções que lhe são apresentadas. A pessoa com doença mental pode ter a sua autonomia comprometida de forma transitória ou permanente, podendo este comprometimento variar de acordo com o grau de gravidade da doença. O enfermeiro, num encontro face a face com a pessoa com patologia psiquiátrica, procura restabelecer a ordem perturbada, possibilitando a lucidez de pensamento, domínio dos sentimentos e afirmação de uma vontade livre, de forma a favorecer a confiança em si mesmo e o crescimento em termos de autonomia. Ajudar a pessoa a descobrir um sentido realizador para a sua vida, intervir na melhoria da sua qualidade, e promover a sua autonomia são as principais tarefas do enfermeiro de saúde mental, tendo sempre presente que o doente é o primeiro agente do seu processo terapêutico. Algumas limitações do direito de autonomia do doente são justificadas no período em que as condições mentais alteram a sua capacidade de tomar decisões. Porém, logo que se recuperem, devemos ajudar para que ele próprio seja o decisor nas suas escolhas e opções. Por detrás do condicionalismo da doença mental existe uma pessoa em busca de sentido e de liberdade, que lança a toda a equipa variados desafios. Pretendemos com este trabalho reflectir sobre a nossa prática diária, de forma a promover a autonomia no acto de cuidar e, salvaguardar o respeito pela dignidade da pessoa doente, utilizando a competência humanizada e a atenção holística adequada a cada caso.   There are several meanings that we can attribute to autonomy, varying according to the look of those who propose to study it, or how they want to respect it in people. In a broader sense, an autonomous person is one who has freedom of thought, free from internal or external coercion, to choose among the options presented to him or her. The person with mental illness may have their autonomy compromised temporarily or permanently, and this compromise may vary according to the severity of the illness. The nurse, in a face-to-face encounter with the person with psychiatric pathology, seeks to reestablish the disturbed order, enabling clarity of thought, mastery of feelings, and affirmation of a free will, in order to foster self-confidence and growth in terms of autonomy. Helping people discover a fulfilling meaning to their lives, intervening to improve their quality of life, and promoting their autonomy are the main tasks of the mental health nurse, always keeping in mind that the patient is the first agent of his therapeutic process. Some limitations to the patient's right to autonomy are justified in the period when mental conditions alter their ability to make decisions. However, as soon as he recovers, we must help him to be the decision-maker in his own choices and options. Behind the constraints of mental illness there is a person in search of meaning and freedom, who challenges the whole team. With this paper we intend to reflect on our daily practice, in order to promote autonomy in the act of caring, and to safeguard the respect for the patient's dignity, using humanized competence and holistic attention appropriate to each case.

Quality of Life, Physical Activity Level and Psychological Profile of Nigerians with Serious Mental Illness and Healthy Psychotropic Naive Subjects (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Arinze Okonkwo ◽  
Peter Olarenwaju Ibikunle ◽  
Izuchukwu Nwafor ◽  
Andrew Orovwigho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparently Healthy

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL), physical activity (PA) level and psychological profile (PF) of patients with serious mental illness have been neglected during patient’s management OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected psychotropic drugs on the QoL, PA level and PF of patients with serious mental illness METHODS A cross sectional survey involving one hundred and twenty-four subject [62 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) and 62 apparently healthy subjects as control] using purposive and consecutive sampling respectively .Questionnaires for each of the constructs were administered to the participants for data collation. Analysis of the data was done using non parametric inferential statistics of Mann-Whitney U independent test and Spearman’s rho correlation with alpha level set as 0.05. RESULTS Significant difference was recorded in the QoL (p<0.05) of patient with SMI and apparently healthy psychotropic naive participants. There was a significant correlation between the QoL (p<0.05) and PF of participants with SMI. Participants with SMI had significantly lower QoL than apparently healthy psychotropic naive subject. QoL of the healthy psychotropic naive group was better than those of the participants with SMI. Female participants with SMI had higher PA than their male counterparts CONCLUSIONS Psychological profiles of male participants with SMI were lower than male healthy psychotropic naive participants. Clinicians should take precaution to monitor the QoL, PA level and PF because the constructs are relevant in evaluation of treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Effect of Peer Mentoring on Quality of Life among CKD Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nasrollah Ghahramani ◽  
Vernon M. Chinchilli ◽  
Jennifer L. Kraschnewski ◽  
Eugene J. Lengerich ◽  
Christopher N. Sciamanna
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Peer Mentoring ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Online Mentoring ◽  
Peer Mentors ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Domain Scores

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> CKD is associated with decreased quality of life (QOL). Peer mentoring (PM) leads to improved QOL in various chronic diseases. The effectiveness of PM on QOL of patients with CKD has not been previously studied. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to test the effectiveness of face-to-face (FTF) and online mentoring by trained peers, compared with usual care, on CKD patients’ QOL. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We randomized 155 patients in one of 3 groups: (1) FTF PM (<i>n</i> = 52), (2) online PM (<i>n</i> = 52), and (3) textbook only (<i>n</i> = 51). Peer mentors were patients with CKD, who received formal training through 16 h of instruction. Participants in all 3 groups received a copy of an informational textbook about CKD. Participants assigned to PM received either 6 months of FTF or online PM. The outcomes included time-related changes in domain scores of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL)-36 for each of the groups over the 18-month study period. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared with baseline, online PM led to improved scores in domains of the KDQOL-36 at 18 months: Effects of Kidney Disease (<i>p</i> = 0.01), Burden of Kidney Disease (<i>p</i> = 0.01), Symptoms and Problems of Kidney Disease (<i>p</i> = 0.006), SF-12 Physical Composite Summary (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and SF-12 Mental Composite Summary (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). There were no statistically significant changes from baseline in domain scores of KDQOL-36 within the FTF PM and textbook-only groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Among patients with CKD, online PM led to increased scores in domains of the KDQOL-36 at 18 months. The study was limited to English-speaking subjects with computer literacy and internet access.

Triple P for Parents of Children with Phenylketonuria: A Nonrandomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Mitchell ◽  
Alina Morawska ◽  
Grace Kirby ◽  
James McGill ◽  
David Coman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Triple P ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nonrandomized Trial

Abstract Objective Families of children with phenylketonuria (PKU) report child emotional and behavioral problems, parenting stress, and parenting difficulties, which are associated with worse health-related quality of life. This study aimed to examine acceptability and feasibility of a brief, group-based parenting program (Healthy Living Triple P) for families of children with PKU. Methods An uncontrolled nonrandomized trial design was used. Families of children aged 2–12 years (N = 17) completed questionnaire measures assessing child behavior and impact of PKU on quality of life (primary outcomes), and parenting behavior, self-efficacy and stress, and children’s behavioral and emotional adjustment (secondary outcomes). Routinely collected blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels were obtained from the treating team. Parents selected two child behaviors as targets for change. The intervention comprised two, 2-hr group sessions delivered face-to-face or online. Assessment was repeated at 4-week postintervention (T2) and 4-month follow-up (T3). Results Attrition was low and parent satisfaction with the intervention (face-to-face and online) was high. All families achieved success with one or both child behavior goals, and 75% of families achieved 100% success with both behavior goals by T3; however, there was no change in health-related quality of life. There were moderate improvements in parent-reported ineffective parenting (total score, d = 0.87, 95% CI −1.01 to 2.75) and laxness (d = 0.59, 95% CI −1.27 to 2.46), but no effects on parenting stress or children’s adjustment. Phe levels improved by 6month post-intervention for children with elevated preintervention levels. Conclusions Results support intervention acceptability and feasibility. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to establish intervention efficacy.

Predictors of quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients with schizophrenia, major mood disorder, and without mental illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Dickerson ◽  
Karen Wohlheiter ◽  
Deborah Medoff ◽  
Lijuan Fang ◽  
Julie Kreyenbuhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Diabetes Patients

scholarly journals Attitudes towards disclosing a mental illness: impact on quality of life and recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Mayer ◽  
Patrick W. Corrigan ◽  
Daniela Eisheuer ◽  
Nathalie Oexle ◽  
Nicolas Rüsch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The decision whether to disclose a mental illness has individual and social consequences. Secrecy may protect from stigma and discrimination while disclosure can increase social support and facilitate help-seeking. Therefore, disclosure decisions are a key reaction to stigma. The first aim of this study was to test a newly developed scale to measure disclosure attitudes, the Attitudes to Disclosure Questionnaire (AtDQ). The second aim was to examine the impact of attitudes towards disclosing a mental illness on quality of life and recovery. Methods Among 100 participants with mental illness, disclosure attitudes, quality of life, recovery, benefits of disclosure, secrecy, social withdrawal, self-stigma, and depressive symptoms were assessed at weeks 0, 3 and 6. Psychometric properties of the AtDQ were analysed. Longitudinal associations between disclosure attitudes at baseline and quality of life and recovery after 6 weeks were examined in linear regressions. Results The analyses of the AtDQ indicated one-factor solutions, high acceptability, high internal consistency, and good retest reliability for the total scale and the subscales as well as high construct validity of the total scale. Results provided initial support for sensitivity to change. More positive disclosure attitudes in general and in particular regarding to family at baseline predicted better quality of life and recovery after 6 weeks. Conclusion The current study provides initial support for the AtDQ as a useful measure of disclosure attitudes. Disclosing a mental illness, especially with respect to family, may improve quality of life and recovery of people with mental illness.

Organisation of running events – reducing exclusions and improving the quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Jacek Łuczak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Estimation Risk ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Social Nature

Physical activity is a basic factor of human development – it brings satisfaction, vitality, energy, has a therapeutic dimension and affects the quality of life. Among the large group of amateur athletes, there are people vulnerable to social exclusions related to disabilities, psychological dysfunctions, sex and social status. For these people sport is a cure for loneliness and lack of self-confidence, as well as it positively affects their motivation to overcome barriers, which is reflected in other spheres of their lives. One sport that in particular integrates different social groups is running, as confirmed by the growing number of amateur runners, training activities dedicated to them and running events organised for them. However, it is important that organisers of such events ensure the safety of participants and take care of their satisfaction and comfort by holistic planning of all organisational activities. The study hypothesised that factors concerning the safety, comfort and satisfaction of participants play a vital role in organising running events. The aim of the article was to identify and assess the risk of organising running competitions for amateurs in the context of ensuring safety and satisfaction for all participants of the event. In particular, the author noted the risk factors of a social nature, conducive to integration, associated with countering exclusions. The paper presents test results for national competitions involving 21 and 42 km runs. The identification of risk factors was performed by 10 experts (the Delphi method) and 27 representatives of 7 running events organised in Poland (2017–2018) (risk estimate, a questionnaire) took part in the risk estimation. Risk estimation was carried out on the basis of average (effect and probability). The results of the study provide unequivocal information about the spheres of organising sporting events which in the highest degree can affect the safety and comfort of their participants and the perception of the competition itself. Among the key risks there were: inadequate financial and organisational resources, route capacity, or technical problems. Moreover, the paper includes an attempt to discuss results of other research.

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