scholarly journals Possibility of using technogenically polluted floodplain landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (32) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
A.L. Silaev ◽  
E.V. Smolsky ◽  
G.V. Chekin ◽  
V. Yu. Simonov ◽  
A. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Increase In Productivity

The article provides a modern assessment of technogenically polluted floodplain landscapes of various rivers of the Polesian Lowland. The carried out ecological monitoring of productivity, radioactivity of perennial grasses and fertility of floodplain soils revealed the following results, tendencies and regularities: the most favorable set of conditions for obtaining an air-dry mass of grasses with the highest productivity up to 5 t / ha was found on the floodplain of the Iput River, possibly used as hayfields floodplain lands at present, with a 137Cs pollution density below 555 kBq / m2 obtained after the Chernobyl accident, the use of floodplains as hayfields with a 137Cs pollution density above 555 kBq / m2 is impossible, coarse fodder from the floodplains of the Iput and Besed rivers is 6.4 and 6.6 times higher than the permissible level of 137Cs content in products, the content of organic matter, calcium and magnesium grew in the landscape of the floodplain by subsystems: near-river → central → near-terrace landscape, a high content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, respectively, from 227 to 362 and 122 to 266 mg / kg were found in the near-terrace subsystem of the studied floodplains, the effect of fertility on an increase in productivity is positive, with the exception of the effect of acidity and negative on an increase in specific activity 137Cs, established an average role (0.30 ˂ r ˂ 0.70) of fertility indicators in increasing productivity, the correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.41 to 0.64 and -0.38, revealed a strong role (r ˃ 0.70) of the content of phosphorus available for a plant in a decrease in the specific activity of 137Cs in the air-dry mass of grasses, the correlation coefficient (r) was –0.70.

scholarly journals Effect of the cultivation of legumes on the dynamics of sod-podzolic soil fertility rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
U. M. Karbivska ◽  
A. O. Butenko ◽  
V. I. Onichko ◽  
I. M. Masik ◽  
Z. I. Hlupak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Gleyed Soil ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

The effect of cultivation of legumes on the fertility rate of sod-podzolic surface-gleyed soil has been investigated. Based on the obtained results it has been found that on average, during the years of cultivation, the fertilizer factor with a percentage of 62% turns out to be more influential in terms of yield obtained from 1 ha of dry mass. The highest nutrient content is observed on the alfalfa variant: alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen-80.4 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus-81.5 mg/kg of soil and exchangeable potassium-77.3 mg/kg of soil.

Effectiveness of the use of direct sowing and mineral fertilizers on the small-contour developed peatbog

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Direct Sowing

The results of studies on the effectiveness of low-cost agrobiophysics and technology tillage perennial grasses on soils depleted and abandoned peat bogs. The combination of direct sowing seed grasses with mineral fertilizers increased the yields of grasses, an increase in reserves of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the root layer of soil, mitigation of soil degradation of the peatbog.

scholarly journals Whole cell-based catalyst for enzymatic production of the osmolyte 2-O-α-glucosylglycerol

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina N. Schwaiger ◽  
Monika Cserjan-Puschmann ◽  
Gerald Striedner ◽  
Bernd Nidetzky
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sucrose Phosphorylase ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle

Abstract Background Glucosylglycerol (2-O-α-d-glucosyl-sn-glycerol; GG) is a natural osmolyte from bacteria and plants. It has promising applications as cosmetic and food-and-feed ingredient. Due to its natural scarcity, GG must be prepared through dedicated synthesis, and an industrial bioprocess for GG production has been implemented. This process uses sucrose phosphorylase (SucP)-catalyzed glycosylation of glycerol from sucrose, applying the isolated enzyme in immobilized form. A whole cell-based enzyme formulation might constitute an advanced catalyst for GG production. Here, recombinant production in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) was compared systematically for the SucPs from Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LmSucP) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSucP) with the purpose of whole cell catalyst development. Results Expression from pQE30 and pET21 plasmids in E. coli BL21(DE3) gave recombinant protein at 40–50% share of total intracellular protein, with the monomeric LmSucP mostly soluble (≥ 80%) and the homodimeric BaSucP more prominently insoluble (~ 40%). The cell lysate specific activity of LmSucP was 2.8-fold (pET21; 70 ± 24 U/mg; N = 5) and 1.4-fold (pQE30; 54 ± 9 U/mg, N = 5) higher than that of BaSucP. Synthesis reactions revealed LmSucP was more regio-selective for glycerol glycosylation (~ 88%; position O2 compared to O1) than BaSucP (~ 66%), thus identifying LmSucP as the enzyme of choice for GG production. Fed-batch bioreactor cultivations at controlled low specific growth rate (µ = 0.05 h−1; 28 °C) for LmSucP production (pET21) yielded ~ 40 g cell dry mass (CDM)/L with an activity of 2.0 × 104 U/g CDM, corresponding to 39 U/mg protein. The same production from the pQE30 plasmid gave a lower yield of 6.5 × 103 U/g CDM, equivalent to 13 U/mg. A single freeze–thaw cycle exposed ~ 70% of the intracellular enzyme activity for GG production (~ 65 g/L, ~ 90% yield from sucrose), without releasing it from the cells during the reaction. Conclusions Compared to BaSucP, LmSucP is preferred for regio-selective GG production. Expression from pET21 and pQE30 plasmids enables high-yield bioreactor production of the enzyme as a whole cell catalyst. The freeze–thaw treated cells represent a highly active, solid formulation of the LmSucP for practical synthesis.

Influence of cutting management on productivity and nutritional value of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л. Евстратова ◽  
Г. Евсеева ◽  
С. Смирнов ◽  
А. Камова
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
The Republic

В условиях Республики Карелия в 20152018 годах проведены трёхлетние научные исследования по определению оптимальных режимов скашивания и оценке их влияния на продуктивные и качественные характеристики бобовозлаковых травостоев с включением интродуцированных культур Medicago varia Mart. (сорт Таисия) и Festulolium F. Aschers.et Graebn. (сорт ВИК 90). Установлено, что в агроценозах массовая доля люцерны изменчивой при двуукосном режиме скашивания динамично возрастала с 4,029,1 до 34,442,2, а при трёхукосном с 3,927,6 до 48,860,3. Традиционный бобовый компонент Trifolium hybridum L. (сорт Первенец), наоборот, снизил своё участие в травостое с 22,451,4 до 1,315,3 и с 27,440,0 до 0,713,9 соответственно. Фестулолиум доминировал в травостое при трёхкратном скашивании в 1й и 2й годы пользования (56,1 и 69,5) и при двукратном во 2й и 3й годы (58,6 и 54,0). В среднем за 3 года как при двух, так и при трёхукосном режиме скашивания высокие показатели урожайности сухой массы (7,559,13 т/га), энергетической (6,2110,09 тыс. корм. ед./га 79,794,7 ГДж/га) и протеиновой (0,811,31 т/га) продуктивности обеспечили травостои: кострец безостый люцерна изменчивая клевер гибридный фестулолиум люцерна изменчивая клевер гибридный. Рассматриваемые значения превысили контроль (клеверозлаковый травостой) в 1,11,7 раза. Независимо от состава фитоценоза трёхкратное использование травостоев имело преимущество (на 18,661,7) только по сбору сырого протеина. В типичных погодных условиях полевого сезона лучшие результаты получены при двукратном режиме скашивания бобовозлаковых травостоев, а в экстремальных при трёхкратном. Последний обеспечил более равномерное распределение урожая зелёной массы по укосам и высокие показатели питательности корма. The investigations took place in the Republic of Karelia in 20152018. It was aimed to test cutting managements and their influence on grass productivity and quality and determine the optimal one. Legumegramineous ecosystems contained Medicago varia Mart. (variety Taisiya) and Festulolium F. Aschers.et Graebn. (variety VIK 90). The proportion of bastard alfalfa increased from 4.029.1 to 34.442.2 under two cuts, and from 3.927.6 to 48.860.3 under three cuts. The fraction of conventional grass component Trifolium hybridum L. (variety Pervenets) reduced from 22.451.4 to 1.315.3 and from 27.440.0 to 0.713.9, respectively. Festulolium prevailed in the 1st and 2nd years under three cuts (56.1 and 69.5) as well as in the 2nd and 3rd years under two cuts (58.6 and 54.0). Mixtures of smooth brome bastard alfalfa alsike clover festulolium bastard alfalfa alsike clover had the highest dry mass yield (7.559.13 t ha1), energy content (6.2110.09 thousand feed units ha1 79.794.7 GJ ha1) and protein concentration (0.811.31 t ha1). These values exceeded the ones of the control (clovergramineous mixture) by 1.11.7 times. Three cuts provided 18.661.7 more protein. Two cuts gave better results under typical regional climate, but three cuts were advantageous under unfavorable conditions.

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Peanuts in Israel

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hagin ◽  
H. Koyumjisky
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Potassium Exchange

SummaryResponse to potassium fertilization was tested, over a two-year period, in 24 experimental fields, predominantly in coarse-textured soils. Only two fields showed significant yield increases. Potassium availability was estimated on the basis of (a) the free energy (ΔF) of potassium exchange for calcium and magnesium, (b) the proportion of potassium in total exchangeable cations, and (c) soluble potassium extraction in correlation with the potassium content of the plants. Woodruff's method (ΔF) yielded the best agreement (correlation coefficient r = 0·77). ΔF values showed a sufficient supply of available potassium, which may have accounted for the lack of response to fertilization.

scholarly journals Inoculation Methods and Doses and Relationship with the Vegetative and Reproductive Development of Soybeans

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
David Peres da Rosa ◽  
Junior Verardi ◽  
Junior Santana Girardi ◽  
Paulo Henrique Conte ◽  
Roger Toscan Spagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Seed Method ◽  
Root Resistance ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Number Of Seeds

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the method of in-furrow inoculant application with the other existing methods, as well as, in different doses in the development of soybean culture. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a two-factorial scheme (4 x 3), with four inoculation methods, without inoculation (control), by seed, in-furrow and leaf spray, with three doses, 100, 200 and 400%. Leaf and root dry mass, number of nodules, pods per plant, number of seeds per vegetables, height, knots per plant, productivity, root resistance and average chlorophyll content were measured. The combination of factors did not affect plant height, leaf dry matter, root resistance, grains and pods per plant, plant per knot and weight of 100 seeds, affecting only other parameters, in which the largest root dry matter occurred in in-furrow inoculation in the dose of 400%, with 3.82 g plant-1, against 3.43 g plant-1 in the by seed method in the same dose. In the in-furrow application at the 100% dose, the highest number of grains pod-1 occurred, with 3.42 grains pod-1, combined with an increase in pods plants-1, and a 19% increase in productivity relative to the control, and 9.5% at the third increase, in the spray. Co-inoculation methods affect the development of soybeans, and the method that provided the greatest of soybean development was by in-furrow.

scholarly journals Biochemical Tumor Marker Status and Its Role in Treatment Response in Patients Who Received High-Specific-Activity I-131 MIBG in Advanced Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (PPGL): Results From a Pivotal Phase 2 Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A164-A165
Author(s):  
Camilo Jimenez ◽  
Bennett B Chin ◽  
Richard A Noto ◽  
Richard B Noto ◽  
Joseph S Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Objective Tumor Response ◽  
Biomarker Response

Abstract Background: High-specific-activity iodine-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (HSA I-131 MIBG; AZEDRA®) has been approved for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients (pts) 12 years and older with iobenguane scan positive, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic PPGL who require systemic anticancer therapy. We have previously presented data showing improved biomarker responses in pts treated with HSA I-131 MIBG. Here we report the impact of biomarker status on the study primary endpoint and objective tumor response. Methods: Pts with iobenguane-avid PPGL who were ineligible for surgery, failed prior therapy or not candidates for chemotherapy, and on a stable antihypertensive medication regimen were treated. Pts received up to two therapeutic doses, each at ~18.5 GBq (or 296 MBq/kg for pts ≤62.5 kg), administered ~90 days apart. Biomarkers were analyzed at baseline and over a 12-month efficacy period. Confirmed biochemical responses (at least ≥ 50% decrease in abnormal tumor marker value for all hypersecreted biomarkers) required subsequent responses to be identical to or better compared with the previous assessment. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit, defined as the proportion of pts with at least 50% reduction of all antihypertensive medication(s) for ≥6 months beginning during the efficacy period. The secondary endpoint, confirmed objective tumor response by RECIST, was also evaluated. Results: 68 pts received at least one therapeutic dose of HSA I-131 MIBG. For all pts with hypersecretory tumors (with a baseline biochemical marker level of ≥1.5× ULN) (n=60), a comparison of biomarker response with antihypertensive therapy yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.35 (P = 0.006; Fisher exact P = 0.012). For pts with norepinephrine only-hypersecreting tumors (n=31), a correlation coefficient of 0.47 (P = 0.008; Fisher exact P = 0.015) was observed. The overall biomarker response also correlated with objective tumor response (n=55) yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.36 (P = 0.007; Fisher exact P = 0.012) for all pts with hypersecreted biomarkers. Pts who were not biochemical hypersecretors for any biomarker (n=6) had only one responder for the primary endpoint and no objective tumor responses. Conclusions: The biomarker data from this study establish a moderate but statistically significant correlation between biomarker response following treatment with HSA I-131 MIBG and objective tumor response and durable reduction of antihypertensive therapy. This correlation was improved with norepinephrine only-hypersecreting tumors in pts with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic PPGL.

scholarly journals The Changes of Nutrient Content in Soil in Long-term Fertilizer Experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Janis Vigovskis ◽  
Aivars Jermuss ◽  
Agrita Svarta ◽  
Daina Sarkanbarde
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Drainage Field

<p>The paper describes the influence of long term (more than 30 years) fertilizer application to the changes of soil properties and identifies the influence of different fertilization rates to phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium accumulation in soil.</p><p>The research has been carried out at the Research Institute of Agriculture of Latvian University of Agriculture in the long-term subsurface drainage field established in Skrīveri in 1981 under the guidance of professor J. Štikāns.  The long-term drainage field was established in the uncultivated gleyic sod-podzolic <em>Hypostagnic</em> <em>Endogleyic Albeluvisol (Hypereutric), stw-ng-AB(he) </em>loam that had not been used in agriculture for 20 years before. The experimental field was established with four rates of mineral fertilizers: without fertilizers, N45P30K45; N90P60K90 N135P90K135 calculated in form of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O. Since 1994 a seven-year crop rotation has been organized: 1) winter triticale, 2) potatoes, 3) spring wheat, 4) spring oilseed rape, 5) spring barley + perennial grasses (red clover, timothy), 6) perennial grasses, 1st year of using, and 7) perennial grasses 2nd year of using. Mineral fertilizers were applied according to the anticipated rates of plant nutrient elements annually during the cultivation of soil before sowing. For winter cultivars the phosphorus as superphosphate and potassium as potassium chloride fertilizers were cultivated before the sowing in autumn and nitrogen in form of ammonium nitrate was applied the next spring at the beginning of vegetation and at the stage of tillering. During the vegetation period all the required common agro-technical measures were taken – treatment with herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.</p><p>After 32 years of trial similar soil parameters showed significantly different content of nutrients related to the different level of fertilizer application. On a low background of fertilizers (N45P30K45) a small increase of mobile phosphorus in soil has only been observed in recent years. At the fertilizer rate N90P60K90 the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil gradually begins to grow. Fertilization norm N135P90K135 caused a constant accumulation of nutrients in soil. In 30 years’ time the content of exchangeable phosphorus (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 20 times (from 9 till 184 mg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>) and exchangeable potassium (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 4 times (from 64 till 223 mg K<sub>2</sub>O kg<sup>-1</sup>). There were no relation between different fertilizing rates and calcium and magnesium content in soil observed.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Influence of Fertilization on Gray-Brown Soils on Change of Food Mode in Soil Under Winter Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
R. Guliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

The article shows the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer norms on gray–brown soils and changes in the nutritional regime in winter wheat soils under irrigation in the Ganja–Gazakh region. It was found that the application of mineral and organic fertilizers for winter wheat in gray–brown soils significantly affected the change in the nutrient regime of the soil, significantly increasing the amount of nutrients easily absorbed by plants in the plowed and subsoil layers of the soil, as compared to the control (unfertilized) option, effective fertility increased, which in turn had a significant impact on productivity. At the end of the growing season, depending on the norm of mineral fertilizers in the soil layer 0–60 cm, ammonia nitrogen is 13.1–14.1, nitrate nitrogen is 7.2–7.4, mobile phosphorus is 7.0–8.0 and exchangeable potassium — 15.6–19.2 mg/kg, depending on the rate of organic fertilizers at the end of the growing season, ammonia nitrogen 12.6-–13.7, nitrate nitrogen 5.3–5.7, mobile phosphorus 6.2–6.6 and metabolic potassium while it increased by 20.4–21.2 mg/kg.

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