scholarly journals Variable Presentations in Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nasir Ahmad Lone ◽  
Akshit Kumar ◽  
Waseem Ahmed Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Paradoxical Emboli

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are a group of vascular anomalies of lung which present with variable clinical symptoms. Most patients with PAVM are asymptomatic but it can cause dyspnea on exertion, paradoxical emboli to brain causing various central nervous system complications like stroke and brain abscess, hemoptysis and rupture. The age at the presentation can range from 1st to 7th decade but the majority of patients present before the age of 30 years. PAVM is strongly associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasis which presents with epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasias and AV malformations of various organs. In our case series, we have patients ranging from 3 yrs to 75 years with presentation ranging from asymptomatic to exertional dyspnea, hemoptysis and neurological complications.

scholarly journals Clinico-radiological profile and outcome of dengue patients with central nervous system manifestations: A case series in an Eastern India tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souren Pal ◽  
Kaushik Sen ◽  
Nirendra Mohan Biswas ◽  
Anirban Ghosal ◽  
S. K. Rousan Jaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Cns Involvement

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Dengue, an acute viral disease, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, has a variable clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. However, neurological complications, in general, are unusual but have been observed more frequently in the recent past, and some studies highlighted varied neurological complications during the course of illness. Although dengue is classically considered a nonneurotropic virus, there is increasing evidence for dengue viral neurotropism. In this study, we have evaluated clinico-radiological profile and outcome of nine serologically confirmed dengue patients having varied manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Materials and Methods: All the consecutive patients presented with neurological complications with positive serology for dengue infection (IgM positivity) in Department of Medicine, in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India from August 2013 to October 2014 were included in the study. These patients were subjected to a detailed clinical evaluation, laboratory assessment including complete hemogram, coagulation profile, liver function test, serum electrolytes, and routine CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) study with the exclusion of other common neuroinvasive pathogens. Results: Out of 9 patients with neurological complications associated with confirmed dengue infection, 2 (22%) patients had dengue encephalopathy, 5 (56%) patients have dengue encephalitis, 1 (11%) patient had dengue meningitis, and 1 (11%) patient had postdengue immune-mediated CNS involvement. Conclusion: This case series reaffirms the occurrence of varied CNS manifestations in dengue virus infection and underlines the importance of inclusion of dengue in the differential diagnosis of acute encephalitis syndrome.

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations

2018 ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are dilated directly, connecting pulmonary arteries and veins with no capillary bed. They are generally congenital and frequently occur in patients with autosomal-dominant hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), so they should be screened for PAVM. HHT causes variable-sized arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) from telangiectases to larger connections and affects mucocutaneous surfaces. Epistaxis is the most common symptom, and these vascular lesions can occur in other organs, including the lungs, central nervous system, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. PAVMs can result in hypoxemia with dyspnea, paradoxical embolization with ischemic stroke and abscess formation, and hemorrhage. Treatment consists of embolization of sufficiently sized lesions; antibiotic prophylaxis before procedures prone to produce bacteremia, such as dental processes that can cause abscesses; and avoidance of air or clots in intravenous (IV) lines. Lifelong follow-up is essential to assess for adequacy of embolization and enlargement of PAVMs that are too small to embolize.

scholarly journals Expansion of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after grand mal seizures and other circumstances of PAVM growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e229886
Author(s):  
Ami Schattner ◽  
Ina Dubin
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Grand Mal ◽  
Paradoxical Emboli ◽  
Accelerated Growth

A woman with asymptomatic pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) discovered incidentally on admission developed recurrent generalised seizures. Immediately after, the PAVM demonstrated marked expansion, and was safely resected. Congenital PAVMs (associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia or sporadic) are considered stable lesions that exhibit very slow growth if at all. A review of the literature reveals all circumstances of accelerated growth of PAVM (puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, pulmonary hypertension) and suggests a novel mechanism of seizure-associated expansion. This is important because the size and rapid growth of PAVMs correlate with the potential for rupture and other ominous complications such as right to left shunt and paradoxical emboli. The new seizures–PAVM progression association mandates recognition since the risk of seizures in patients with PAVM is substantial. Our observations strongly suggest the need to monitor PAVM in patients with or without haemorrhagic telangiectasis by repeated imaging after generalised seizures to evaluate potential expansion and risk.

Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis. A case-series

2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 118840
Author(s):  
Silvio Piffer ◽  
Raffaella Tanel ◽  
Roberto Bortolotti ◽  
Umberto Rozzanigo ◽  
Bruno Giometto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Central Nervous System Vasculitis

Primary Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis in Children and Adults: A Morphological and Molecular Comparative Study With Literature Review

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnault Tauziede-Espariat ◽  
Andre Maues de Paula ◽  
Melanie Pages ◽  
Annie Laquerriere ◽  
Emilie Caietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a poorly recognized tumor of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of PLG. METHODS: Results of our multicentric retrospective study of 6 PLG cases (3 pediatric and 3 adult) were compared with literature data. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 years for adults and 8.7 years for children, with 3 males and 3 females. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed a high protein level often associated with pleocytosis but without neoplastic cells. On neuroimaging, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and hydrocephalus were observed, except in 1 case. PLG was mostly misinterpreted as infectious or tumoral meningitis. The first biopsy was negative in 50% of cases. Histopathologically, PLG cases corresponded to 1 oligodendroglioma without 1p19q codeletion and 5 astrocytomas without expression of p53. No immunostaining for IDH1R132H and no mutations of IDH1/2 and H3F3A genes were found. Overall survival was highly variable (2-82 months) but seems to be increased in children treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study shows the difficulties of PLG diagnosis. The challenge is to achieve an early biopsy to establish a diagnosis and to begin a treatment, but the prognosis remains poor. PLG seems to have a different molecular and immunohistochemical pattern compared with intraparenchymal malignant gliomas.

scholarly journals Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies involve reversible cranial dura matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kataoka ◽  
Daisuke Shimada ◽  
Hitoki Nanaura ◽  
Kazuma Sugie
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT This case is the first document to describe a patient receiving anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies which showed cranial dura matter involvement. According to the increasing use of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, adverse effects can occur in several organs since its ligand PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. The estimated rate of neurological complications is 1–4.2% of patients, and neuromuscular disorders are the most common. Adverse effects on the central nervous system including encephalitis are less frequent. Here, a patient receiving anti-PD-1 antibodies showed cranial dura matter involvement, and the dura enhancement on MRI was resolved by withdrawal of the treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies only.

scholarly journals Candida central nervous system infection after neurosurgery: a single-institution case series and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Hongwei Chen ◽  
Wenkai Cong ◽  
Dongcheng Xie ◽  
Shengjie Wang ◽  
Jianxing Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Single Institution
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