scholarly journals Everyday Life of Slum Children: A Case Study from Education Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5191-5202
Author(s):  
Aditi Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Labor Trafficking ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Legal Structures

Every year, the city of Pune attracts migrant workers due to urbanization, and these migrants form residential pockets called slums. Today, around 40% of Pune's population lives in urban slums, around 11% of children, who have little or no access to education with the everyday hand-to-mouth struggle for survival. This study explores the lives of slum children and their educational conditions. Three case studies were conducted with three slums from uptown areas of Pune. Focus group discussions, interviews, and visual survey methods were employed, leading to qualitative analysis. Analysis threw light on the everyday challenges faced by slum children in accessing education. The visual studies imply the need for architectural intervention. The findings also suggest policy implications towards the provision of education towards the betterment of the lives of slum children. Working and learning are the two social processes; without breaking the legal structures on child labor, children working within the home as domestic labor or in the household enterprise is a common occurrence in urban centers, particularly among those who are household income is derived from the informal sector and who have lower income levels. Working modes and times differ depending on the situation. Owing to the size of India's informal economy and attempts to reduce child labor trafficking, a strong emphasis has been placed on developing and implementing social policies that address child labor.

Impossible Migrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
Svati P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Field Level ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Law

In the wake of the twinned specters of authoritarianism and antidemocratic governance that the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in India have both exacerbated and facilitated, the author argues that scholarship on sex work deployed through a critique of labor will be pressed to rethink its analytic focus on the law. Instead, the author argues for a field-level focus built around both the everyday life of surviving sex work in the informal economy and the understanding that enforcement of the law regularly diverges from the letter of the law itself. Unless it accounts for prevailing epistemic conditions, new critical work on sex work as a labor strategy may afford opportunities to be taken up in support of reductive narratives of sex work, built around the trope of injury. The consequences of not addressing the conditions of the production of our critiques will be the continued erasure of sex workers as migrant workers and as economic agents. In the post-COVID-19 world, these critiques will be stressed even further, as the informal sector expands along with uneven policing, and as sex work continues to serve as a measure of security for some, against a backdrop of extreme and intensifying precarity.

scholarly journals Boomtown Urbanization and Rural-Urban Transformation in Mining and Conflict Regions in Angola, the DRC and Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues ◽  
Patience Mususa ◽  
Karen Büscher ◽  
Jeroen Cuvelier
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Everyday

Starting from temporary settlements turning into permanent urban centers, this paper discusses the transformations taking place through the process of so-called ‘boomtown’ urbanization in Central and Southern Africa. Based on data collected in Angola, Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the paper identifies the different conditions for migration and settlement and the complex socio-economic, spatial, as well as political transformations produced by the fast growth and expansion of boomtowns. Different historical and contemporary processes shape boomtown urbanization in Africa, from colonial territorial governance to large- and small-scale mining or dynamics of violence and forced displacement. As centers of attraction, opportunities, diversified livelihoods and cultures for aspiring urbanities, boomtowns represent an interesting site from which to investigate rural-urban transformation in a context of resource extraction and conflict/post conflict governance. They equally represent potential catalyzing sites for growth, development and stability, hence deserving not only more academic but also policy attention. Based on the authors’ long-term field experience in the countries under study, the analysis draws on ethnographic fieldwork data collected through observations as well as interviews and focus group discussions with key actors involved in the everyday shaping of boomtown urbanism. The findings point to discernible patterns of boomtown consolidation across these adjacent countries, which are a result of combinations of types of migration, migrants’ agency and the governance structures, with clear implications for urban policy for both makeshift and consolidating towns.

scholarly journals Demarcating Social Practices: The Case of Weight Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Jauho ◽  
Johanna Mäkelä ◽  
Mari Niva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Distinct Entity ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
The Everyday

The concept of weight management has gained currency in present political and social discourses on weight and health, organizing the various efforts to fight obesity and to assist individuals in controlling their weight. In this paper, we ask whether weight management is becoming rooted also in the everyday life of individuals. Adopting a practice-theoretical approach we study whether weight management constitutes an intelligible and distinct entity to people problematizing their weight. By analysing data generated by focus group discussions with Finnish consumers we investigate the ways in which people understand the concept of weight management, what kinds of techniques they use in order to manage their weight, and what kind of emotional and normative positions they take with respect to weight management. We analyse weight management in relation to eating, but acknowledge the role of another practices, such as exercising. We conclude that weight management is not a clearly defined entity, but located at the intersection of more established practices, healthy eating and slimming. We end our article by discussing the policy-implications of our findings.

Relationship between availability of basic amenities and proportion of Slum population in Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1354
Author(s):  
Dr. Sakreen Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Class I ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
The People ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Slum Population

The urban centers offering diverse employment opportunities and means of livelihood are the main centers of attraction for migration. But the availability of infrastructure is low to accommodate the invariably growing population. The access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, wastewater outlet and clean fuel are critical determinants of quality of urbanization. And if it lacks, then it would facilitates the growth of slum.  In this paper it being tried to capture the interdependent relationship between basic amenities and slum population residing in the class I towns in Maharashtra; largest slum populated state of India. As the slum is all about the situation or condition in which the people of medium and lower strata are living. A detailed analysis of proportion of slum population and availability of amenities which includes good housing condition, treated tap water as the source of drinking water, electricity as the source of lightning, households having latrine and bathing facility within the premises, waste water outlet connected to closed drainage, and households availing the banking facilities. This may be a limitation of the study that only these indicators have been taken to assess the availability of amenities and to calculate the amenity index of class I towns of the state of Maharashtra. To achieve the sustainable development goal (Sustainable cities and communities), we have to control the growth of slum population and to combat the formation of slum; we have to analyze the situation of basic infrastructure provided in urban centers. Amenities and slum population has policy implications as to reduce the slum population, provide basic amenities to the households which will improve their standard of living and ultimately lead to reduction in growth of slum and check the future slum formation.

scholarly journals Evaluating working conditions in the informal economy: Evidence from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C Williams ◽  
Ioana Alexandra Horodnic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey

Although it is widely held that working conditions in the informal economy are worse than in the formal economy, little evidence has been so far provided. The aim of this article is to fill this lacuna by comparing the working conditions of informal employees with formal employees using the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis provides a nuanced and variegated appreciation of which working conditions are worse for informal employees, which are no different, and which are better for informal than formal employees. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.

The Crisis and International Population Movement in Indonesia

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Potential Migrant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contract Labor

Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis which began in mid-1997 and has been the slowest to recover from it. In the present paper the effects of the first two and a half years of the crisis on international population movements influencing Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures on potential migrant workers in Indonesia and the result has been increased out-movement. In both pre and post-crisis situations this was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia's main destination countries but the segmentation of the labor market in those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on undocumented migrants in destination countries but the extent of repatriation, while higher than in the pre-crisis situation, has been limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate movement to Indonesia and longer-term, south-north migration out of the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by government and greater attention being paid to improving the system for migrants themselves and the country as a whole.

A Dynamic Analysis of Child Labor with a Variable Rate of Discount: Some Policy Implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya P Das ◽  
Rajat Deb
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Time Preference ◽  
Infinite Horizon ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

AbstractThis paper analyzes the problem of child labor in an infinite-horizon dynamic model with a variable rate of time preference and credit constraints. The variability in the rate of time preference leads to the possibility of multiple steady states and a poverty trap. The paper considers the long-run and short-run effects of an array of policies like enrollment subsidy, improvement in primary education infrastructure, lump-sum subsidy, and variations in loan market parameters. We distinguish between policies that reduce child labor in the long run only in the presence of a variable discount rate and other policies which work whether or not the discount rate is variable. Credit-related policies belong to the former group. Policies that reduce child labor and increase family consumption in the long run may have an adverse effect of lowering consumption in the short run.

scholarly journals Using Global Migration Law to Prevent Human Trafficking

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Janie A. Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Labor Trafficking ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Migration Law

Our understanding of human trafficking has changed significantly since 2000, when the international community adopted the first modern antitrafficking treaty—the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol). Policy attention has expanded beyond a near-exclusive focus on sex trafficking to bring long-overdue attention to nonsexual labor trafficking. That attention has helped surface how the lack of international laws and institutions pertaining to labor migration can enable—if not encourage—the exploitation of migrant workers. Many migrant workers throughout the world labor under conditions that do not qualify as trafficking yet suffer significant rights violations for which access to protection and redress is limited. Failing to attend to these “lesser” abuses creates and sustains vulnerability to trafficking.

scholarly journals Indigenous knowledge of Vietnamese cultivation in the Mekong Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Ngo Thi-Thu Trang
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Near Future

Being passed from generation to generation, indigenous knowledge is unique and confined to a particular culture or society. This knowledge is generated and transmitted through communities, over time, in an effort to cope with their own agro-ecological and socio-economic environments (Fernandez, 1994). Vietnamese residents in the Mekong Delta during the development of cultivation activities have accumulated a lot of folk experiences, creating a large amount of indigenous knowledge in daily life and farming production. This knowledge has supported the Vietnamese people to adapt themselves to survive for several hundred years. However, throughout the time, under the strong impact of scientific knowledge, indigenous knowledge nowadays is no longer applied as much as before. In the context of increasing climate change, understanding and reevaluating the correct value of this knowledge, besides preserving, also contribute to public policy implications in environmental change adaptation strategies in the near future. With an interdisciplinary approach to geography and anthropology, via long fieldwork methods, face-to-face meetings with farmers and group discussions, 10 in-depth interviews were conducted on issues related to this current production model and production experience. Indigenous knowledge has been and is being applied in flooded areas with representatives being An Giang and Hau Giang provinces. The author has systematized the indigenous knowledge of Vietnamese people on cultivating to better adapt to nature.

scholarly journals “AKU MASIH CINTA INDONESIA”: STUDI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER NASIONALISME DALAM KELUARGA PADA ANAK-ANAK BURUH MIGRAN INDONESIA DI MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Dimas Teguh Prasetyo ◽  
Tarma ◽  
Vera Utami Gede Putri
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Family

Fenomena migrasi yang dilakukan oleh para buruh migran Indonesia di Malaysia menyisakan cerita terutama bagi anak-anak yang lahir dan ikut bersama orangtuanya bermigrasi. Orangtua yang memiliki fungsi pendidikan dalam keluarga dituntut mampu memberikan pendidikan informal kepada anak-anak mereka untuk selalu mencintai dan menanamkan jiwa nasionalisme dalam diri mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga terhadap karakter nasionalisme pada anak-anak buruh migran Indonesia di Malaysia. Studi ini merupakan penelitian korelasional yang dilakukan kepada 30 anak-anak di PKBM X Estate, Bintulu, Serawak, Malaysia. Hasil menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga terhadap karakter nasionalisme anak. Koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini sebesar 25,50% yang menunjukkan bahwa besarnya karakter nasionalisme anak yang dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa keluarga terutama orangtua memiliki peran yang penting dalam menciptakan dan mengembangkan karakter nasionalisme anak meskipun sedang berada dan tinggal di luar Indonesia. Kata Kunci: anak buruh migran, fungsi keluarga, karakter nasionalisme, pendidikan karakter    "I Still Love Indonesia": Study of Nationalism Character Education in Families in Indonesian Migrant Worker in Malaysia Abstract The migration phenomenon conducted by Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia leaves stories especially for children born and who are with their parents migrating. Parents who have the function of education in the family are required to provide informal education to their children to always love and instill the soul of nationalism within them. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of character education of nationalism in the family against the character of nationalism on the children of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. This is a correlational study conducted to 30 children in Community Learing Center (CLC) X Estate, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The result shows that there was a positive correlation between character education of nationalism in the family and nationalism character of migrant labor children. It shows that family especially parents have important  role to create and develop child nationalism whether they live in out of Indonesia. Keywords: character education, child labor migran, family function, nationalism character

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