scholarly journals Global Social Witnessing: An Educational Tool for Awareness-Based Systems Change in the Era of Global Humanitarian and Planetary Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Kazuma Matoba
Keyword(s):  
Systems Change ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Psychology Education ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Systemic Learning ◽  
Interdisciplinary Projects ◽  
Relational Responsibility ◽  
Group Facilitators

‘Global social witnessing’ was originally proposed by Hübl and Ury (2017) and was developed as a practice of “contemplative social cognition” (Singer et al., 2015). Though ‘global social witnessing’ is applied in various contexts by group facilitators of contemplative practice (Cmind, 2014), the concept has not yet been subjected to thorough research and has not yet arrived at a common scientific understanding and definition, which needs to be addressed throughout the research methodology of applying this concept. This paper aims to propose ‘global social witnessing’ as an educational tool for awareness-based systems change by highlighting its philosophical and psychological foundations in search of its ethical implications for bearing witness, a term often used in psychotherapy (Orange, 2017). This body of work draws on Emmanuel Levinas’s philosophy of relational responsibility, and focuses on transformative, systemic learning. As a consequence, this exploration will hopefully generate further research questions that can serve as focal points for interdisciplinary projects of awareness-based systems change (e.g., philosophy, sociology, psychology, education, neuroscience, and physics).

Telling refugees’ stories: Testimony and hospitality in graphic novel L’Odyssée d’Hakim by Fabien Toulmé

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Jennifer Boum Make
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphic Novel ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Testing Zone ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship

Following the increase in migratory flows since 2015, in the Euro-Mediterranean region, bandes dessinées are mobilized to stir up compassion and prompt engagement with marginalized biographies. It begins with the premise that aesthetic approaches of bandes dessinées reveal a testing zone to juxtapose modalities of representation and expression of refugees and ways to interact with otherness. To interrogate the relationship between aesthetic devices and the formation of solidarity, this article considers the first volume of Fabien Toulmé’s trilogy, L’Odyssée d’Hakim: De la Syrie à la Turquie (2018). How does Toulmé’s use of aesthetic devices make space for the other, in acts of dialogue and exchange? What are the ethical implications for the exercise of bearing witness to migrant and refugee narratives, especially in the transcription and translation in words and drawing of their biographies? This article argues that visual narratives can provide for the creation of a hospitable testimonial space for migrants and refugees’ voices. The article outlines the aesthetic methodology deployed in graphic storytelling, reflects on what it means for the perception of refugees, and questions the use and ethical appeal of visual narratives as a form to curate hospitality.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Ethical Implications of Research Using Leaked Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509
Author(s):  
Anne E. Boustead ◽  
Trey Herr
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Data Breach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTAlthough information made public after a data breach can provide insight into difficult research questions, use of these data raises ethical questions not directly addressed by current ethical guidelines. This article develops a framework for identifying and managing risks to human subjects when conducting research involving leaked data. We contend that researchers who seek to use leaked data should identify and address ethical challenges by considering the process through which the data were originally released into the public domain.

scholarly journals Do You Care for Robots That Care? Exploring the Opinions of Vocational Care Students on the Use of Healthcare Robots

Robotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo van Kemenade ◽  
Johan Hoorn ◽  
Elly Konijn
Keyword(s):  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Intermediate Care ◽  
Assistive Robots ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
School Year ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Companion Robots ◽  
Future Practice

Background: There has been a rapid increase in the population of senior citizens in many countries. The shortage of caregivers is becoming a pressing concern. Robots are being deployed in an attempt to fill this gap and reduce the workload of caregivers. This study explores how healthcare robots are perceived by trainee care professionals. Methods: A total of 2365 students at different vocational levels completed a questionnaire, rating ethical statements regarding beneficence, maleficence, justice, autonomy, utility, and use intentions with regard to three different types of robots (assistive, monitoring, and companion) along with six control variables: gender, age, school year, technical skills, interest in technology, and enjoying working with computers. The scores were analyzed by MANOVA statistics. Results: In relation to our research questions: All students viewed companion robots as more beneficent than monitoring and assistive robots. Level of education did not lead to any differences in appraisal. Participants rated maleficence lowest and the highest scores were given to autonomy and utility, meaning a positive evaluation of the use of healthcare robots. Surprisingly, all students rated use intentions low, indicating a poor motivation to actually use a robot in the future, although participants stated a firmer intention for using monitoring devices. Conclusion: Care students find robots useful and expect clients to benefit from them, but still are hesitant to use robots in their future practice. This study suggests that it would be wise to enrich the curriculum of intermediate care education with practical classes on the use and ethical implications of care robots, to ensure that this group of trainee care professionals fully understand the possibilities and potential downside of this emerging kind of healthcare technology.

scholarly journals Indigenous Youth Storywork: A Spiritual Awakening of a Maya Adoptee living in KKKanada

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Celeste MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Youth Care ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Indigenous Youth ◽  
Psychology Education ◽  
Personal Story ◽  
Child And Youth Care ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Culture Education

Indigenous adoptee scholars understand their identity through community connection, culture, education and practice. In this Storywork, through engagement with current literature and ten research questions, I explored what it meant to be an adoptee in West Coast (KKKanadian) Indigenous communities. An Indigenous Youth Storywork methodology was applied to bring meaning to relationships I have with diverse Indigenous Old Ones, mentors and Knowledge Keepers and their influence on my journey as a Maya adoptee returning to my culture. My personal story was developed and analyzed using an Indigenous decolonial framework and Indigenous Arts-based methods. The intention of this Youth Storywork research work is to create space for Indigenous, Interracial, Transracial and Maya adoptees in Child and Youth Care, Social Work and Counselling Psychology education, policy and practice.

scholarly journals FUNGSI CERITA RAKYATSABUK BIDADARI DALAM MASYARAKAT SUKU SASAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Sultana Sultana ◽  
Rusdiawan Rusdiawan ◽  
Ida Bagus Kade Gunayasa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Research Questions

   This study explores the oral story of the Sasak tribe “The Angel Belt”.  As a literary work, especially oral literature or Sasak stories this study posed that Sasak literary works not only function as an entertainment, or bedtime, but it leads to the low public aspiration of the region’s literature. The research questions of this study were what functions are identified in the folk tales of Angel Belt in Sasak society in Bujak village Batukliang sub-district? This research constituted a descriptive qualitative which described the existence of functions and seen in the story, behavior character, and motivation or action in the role of each character in a story. The analysis began with the determination of informants, data collection data analysis then draw a conclusion. The results show that in the story “Angel Belt” contained the function as follows: a) as a projection system, namely collective reflection tools, b) as a means of consolation, c) as an educational tool, d) as a tool of criticism.  

Archaeology and the Body

Anthropology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Wesp ◽  
Rosemary A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Questions

The body has become a central focus of archaeological research as practitioners ask questions about the role of individual human beings, their engagement with things, and the effects of embodied actions in the past. The body can serve as a starting point for analyzing diversity in past populations in terms of sex, gender, status, ethnicity, ability, and other aspects of identity. Study of the human body allows practitioners to reconstruct how culture change affected portions of populations in different ways. Archaeologists draw on a wide range of social theories from allied disciplines that have explored gender, race, ability, and philosophical understandings of living in a body to explore how material remains of past populations can be used to provide temporal depth to questions about embodiment. Archaeologists employ a variety of materials to address embodiment, ranging from human skeletal remains, materials used as clothing and adornment, tools employed as extensions of the body, and objects and immobile features that structure embodied experiences. This diversity of materials facilitates examination of similarly diverse research questions, including phenomenological understandings of how the world is experienced through the body and the senses; how cultural practices modified bodies; how visual culture, including representations of bodies, create and change body ideologies; and how skeletal remains were shaped by daily life in the past. In recent years, archaeologists have begun to reflect on the ethical implications of archaeological research on human bodies and how this research can be conducted to include perspectives from descendant communities and the public regarding research questions and the presentation of results. Archaeologists also consider how their own experiences are shaped by working with human remains.

Finding solutions in an interdisciplinary environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bryndum-Buchholz ◽  
Ana Corbalan ◽  
Najeem Shajahan
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Projects ◽  
Changing World

<div> <p>Our rapidly changing world is facing challenges that increasingly demand strong interdisciplinary components in academic projects to find the solutions we need. Successful interdisciplinary research can enhance knowledge and hence lead to new discoveries and innovation. In order to successfully work together in projects that span multiple disciplines, it is important to fully understand the challenges these projects face. We revisit the meaning of interdisciplinarity and evaluate why it has often proven very challenging. For example, one of the greatest challenges is finding a common ground when framing key research questions. We analyze and present an ideal scenario, where challenges and limitations are acknowledged but overcome, and suggest some techniques that can be used to plan and successfully undertake interdisciplinary projects.  </p> </div><div> <p> </p> </div>

The Collaborative Network Approach: a model for advancing patient-centric research for Castleman disease and other rare diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Mary Zuccato ◽  
Dustin Shilling ◽  
David C. Fajgenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Collaborative Network ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Patient Centric

Abstract There are ∼7000 rare diseases affecting 30 000 000 individuals in the U.S.A. 95% of these rare diseases do not have a single Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy. Relatively, limited progress has been made to develop new or repurpose existing therapies for these disorders, in part because traditional funding models are not as effective when applied to rare diseases. Due to the suboptimal research infrastructure and treatment options for Castleman disease, the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN), founded in 2012, spearheaded a novel strategy for advancing biomedical research, the ‘Collaborative Network Approach’. At its heart, the Collaborative Network Approach leverages and integrates the entire community of stakeholders — patients, physicians and researchers — to identify and prioritize high-impact research questions. It then recruits the most qualified researchers to conduct these studies. In parallel, patients are empowered to fight back by supporting research through fundraising and providing their biospecimens and clinical data. This approach democratizes research, allowing the entire community to identify the most clinically relevant and pressing questions; any idea can be translated into a study rather than limiting research to the ideas proposed by researchers in grant applications. Preliminary results from the CDCN and other organizations that have followed its Collaborative Network Approach suggest that this model is generalizable across rare diseases.

Factors Influencing Cognate Performance for Young Multilingual Children's Vocabulary: A Research Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2170-2188
Author(s):  
Lindsey R. Squires ◽  
Sara J. Ohlfest ◽  
Kristen E. Santoro ◽  
Jennifer L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Test Validity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Word Characteristics ◽  
Study Inclusion ◽  
Task Level

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to determine evidence of a cognate effect for young multilingual children (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months], preschool to second grade) in terms of task-level and child-level factors that may influence cognate performance. Cognates are pairs of vocabulary words that share meaning with similar phonology and/or orthography in more than one language, such as rose – rosa (English–Spanish) or carrot – carotte (English–French). Despite the cognate advantage noted with older bilingual children and bilingual adults, there has been no systematic examination of the cognate research in young multilingual children. Method We conducted searches of multiple electronic databases and hand-searched article bibliographies for studies that examined young multilingual children's performance with cognates based on study inclusion criteria aligned to the research questions. Results The review yielded 16 articles. The majority of the studies (12/16, 75%) demonstrated a positive cognate effect for young multilingual children (measured in higher accuracy, faster reaction times, and doublet translation equivalents on cognates as compared to noncognates). However, not all bilingual children demonstrated a cognate effect. Both task-level factors (cognate definition, type of cognate task, word characteristics) and child-level factors (level of bilingualism, age) appear to influence young bilingual children's performance on cognates. Conclusions Contrary to early 1990s research, current researchers suggest that even young multilingual children may demonstrate sensitivity to cognate vocabulary words. Given the limits in study quality, more high-quality research is needed, particularly to address test validity in cognate assessments, to develop appropriate cognate definitions for children, and to refine word-level features. Only one study included a brief instruction prior to assessment, warranting cognate treatment studies as an area of future need. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12753179

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