scholarly journals A fase de formação dos contratos públicos: breves notas sobre o contencioso pré-contratual

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Filipa António
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Financial Compensation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Public Contracts ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Public Contract

<p>RESUMO:  A entidade adjudicante encontra-se vinculada a um leque de deveres, regras e princípios na fase de formação de contratos públicos. O desvio ao cumprimento às legítimas causas de não adjudicação e aos princípios norteadores da contratação pública, como o da concorrência, imparcialidade, não discriminação em razão da nacionalidade e interesse público conduz à responsabilidade pré-contratual da entidade adjudicante, destinada à tutela ressarcitória do privado (interesse contratual positivo, interesse contratual negativo e perda de chance).  No contexto pré-contratual assumem uma especial pertinência as questões sensíveis acerca da tutela da confiança do particular, alteração anormal das circunstâncias e do reequilíbrio financeiro do contrato. Por último, a questão da “urgência” na fase pré-contratual, é assegurada pelo “contencioso pré-contratual”, de carácter urgente, previsto nos artigos 100.º a 103.º-B, do Código dos Contratos Públicos.</p><p>PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Contratos Públicos; Fase de Formação do Contrato Público; Contencioso Pré-contratual Urgente; Responsabilidade pré-contratual das entidades adjudicantes.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT: The contracting authority is bound by a range of legal duties, rules and principles at the formation of contract phase. The disrespect  of the compliance of these rules and of  the legitimate causes of non-award and the public procurement´s  guiding-principles (competition, impartiality, non-discrimination on grounds of nationality and public interest) leads to the contracting authority's pre-contractual liability for the private´s financial compensation (positive contractual interest, negative contractual interest and “loss of chance”). In the pre-contractual context, sensitive issues are of particular relevance: the protection of the private´s trust, abnormal change in circumstances and the financial rebalancing of the contract. Finally, the issue of “urgency” at the pre-contractual phase is ensured by the urgent “pre-contractual litigation” provided in articles 100.º to 103.º- B, of the Public Procurement Code.</p><p>KEYWORDS: Public Contracts; Formation of the Public Contract Phase; Urgent Pre-contractual Litigation; Pre-contractual procedure´s liability of contracting authorities.</p>

scholarly journals Límites a la modificación de contratos en la Ley 9/2017 de 8 de noviembre de Contratos del Sector Público. Análisis de la transposición al ordenamiento español de la Directiva 2014/24/UE.

2019 ◽  
pp. 317-341
Author(s):  
Cristina Clementina ARENAS ALEGRÍA
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Premature Termination ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Spanish Legislation ◽  
Public Contract

LABURPENA: Kontratu publiko baten egikaritzaren testuinguruan, arrazoi edo kausa jakin batzuk gerta daitezke, haren izaera alda dezaketenak, aldaketa batzuk egin behar izateraino. Halakoetan, kontrajarrita gerta daitezke, alde batetik, kontratu bati eusteak berez duen interes publikoa, aldaketaren bat egin behar bazaio ere, eta bestetik, kontratuaren aurretiazko suntsiarazpena, hitzartutako prestazioa burutu ezin delako. Egoera horretan, legelari espainiarrek nahiz europarrek alde batera zein bestera jo izan dute. Legedi espainiarra, Ekonomia Jasangarrirako Legea iritsi arte, oso epel agertu zen, kontratu-aldaketen kontrolari zegokionez. Behin kontratazioari buruzko 2014ko zuzentarauak onartuta, transposizioa egin behar zitzaien, eta hasitako ildoari jarraipena eman, alegia, kontratuen aldaketa salbuespen gisa eta modu justifikatuan tratatu behar dela, lizitazioen izaera lehiakorra ez kaltetzearren. Lan honetan aztertu nahi dena da Sektore Publikoko Kontratuen Legeak 2014 Zuzentarauari egin dion transposizioa. ABSTRACT: In the framework of the execution of a public contract some specific causes can change its nature and therefore make necessary some amendments. The contrast that occurs in those cases between the public interest aimed at the maintenance of the contract although it involves an amendment and the premature termination of it due to the inability to perform the agreed service, has provoked that national and european legislators priorize in some occasiones for one or the other. The Spanish legislation up until the passing of the Sustainable Economy Act was very timid regading the control of amendments. Once Directives from 2014 about public procurement were enacted it was neccesary their transposition by following the line that understands that the modifications should be addressed as exceptional and justified with the purpose of not undermining the competitive nature of bidding. We try to analyze the transposition of the Directive from 2014 by the Public Sector Contracts Act. RESUMEN: En el marco de la ejecución de un contrato público pueden darse determinadas causas que alteren su naturaleza y, por tanto, hagan necesarias algunas modificaciones. La contraposición que en estas ocasiones se produce entre el interés público ínsito en el mantenimiento un contrato, aunque suponga una modificación, y la resolución anticipada del mismo por la imposibilidad de realizar la prestación pactada, ha provocado que el legislador nacional y europeo se decante en distintas ocasiones por uno u otro. La legislación española hasta la Ley de Economía Sostenible se mostró muy tímida en el control de los modificados. Una vez aprobadas las Directivas 2014 sobre contratación fue necesario a través de su trasposición seguir la línea emprendida en el sentido de entender que la modificación debe tratarse de manera excepcional y justificadamente para no desvirtuar el carácter competitivo de la licitación. Se pretende analizar en este estudio la trasposición de la Directiva 2014 por parte de la LCSP.

scholarly journals Does the Lowest Bid Price Evaluation Criterion Make for a More Efficient Public Procurement Selection Criterion? (Case of the Czech Republic)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Ochrana ◽  
Kristýna Hrnčířová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Evaluation Criterion ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Bid Price ◽  
Public Contracts ◽  
Public Contract

Abstract Through the institute of public procurement a considerable volume of financial resources is allocated. It is therefore in the interest of contracting entities to seek ways of how to achieve an efficient allocation of resources. Some public contract-awarding entities, along with some public-administration authorities in the Czech Republic, believe that the use of a single evaluation criterion (the lowest bid price) results in a more efficient tender for a public contract. It was found that contracting entities in the Czech Republic strongly prefer to use the lowest bid price criterion. Within the examined sample, 86.5 % of public procurements were evaluated this way. The analysis of the examined sample of public contracts proved that the choice of an evaluation criterion, even the preference of the lowest bid price criterion, does not have any obvious impact on the final cost of a public contract. The study concludes that it is inappropriate to prefer the criterion of the lowest bid price within the evaluation of public contracts that are characterised by their complexity (including public contracts for construction works and public service contracts). The findings of the Supreme Audit Office related to the inspection of public contracts indicate that when using the lowest bid price as an evaluation criterion, a public contract may indeed be tendered with the lowest bid price, but not necessarily the best offer in terms of supplied quality. It is therefore not appropriate to use the lowest bid price evaluation criterion to such an extent for the purpose of evaluating work and services. Any improvement to this situation requires a corresponding amendment to the Law on Public Contracts and mainly a radical change in the attitude of the Office for the Protection of Competition towards proposed changes, as indicated within the conclusions and recommendations proposed by this study.

Administrative Contracts in Serbian Law – Specificities of the New Statutory Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Karanikić Mirić ◽  
Tatjana Jevremović Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Private Entity ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this paper is the special legal regime for administrative contracts under the recently enacted Serbian Law on General Administrative Procedure of 2016. We offer a comprehensive analysis of the new statutory rules, and examine their relationship to the general rules and principles of Serbian contract law. In addition, we identify the main shortcomings of the new regime, especially in the context of the lack of any statutory, scholarly and judicial typology of administrative contracts in Serbia. Furthermore, we highlight the lack of references to the notions of public interest, public purpose or public needs in the statutory definition of administrative contracts. This is cause for concern, since only the need to protect the public interest could justify the new statutory provisions, which significantly improve the contractual position of a public body as a contracting party in relation to the position of a private entity as the other party in administrative contracts. There is as yet no case law pertaining to administrative contracts in Serbia. This is why we turn to practical experience in the Croatian legal system, which is sufficiently similar and historically connected to Serbia via a shared Yugoslav heritage. We also consider German and French legal models, since they traditionally serve as comparative points of reference for Serbian legal scholars, judges and law makers.

scholarly journals The Principle of Continuance in Public Service Contract

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hussein Momen ◽  
Hussein Rahmatollahi
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Service Contract ◽  
Public Contracts ◽  
Public Contract

If we consider the aim of administrative goal to procure public interest and the necessity of its continuance, the limitation of its descriptive and executive principles in private law frameworks will be serious barriers against its realization. Administrative contracts with their special legal regime based on such principles of preference, authority and support which indicates the upper hand of public contract parties are described by the same basis. Public service principles which should be considered as extracted from the judicial verdicts of French governmental council are, <em>inter alia</em>, executive and descriptive foundations of public contracts. The principle of public service continuance with its legal functions and radical role in contract execution plays a vital role in realizing the goals.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES THAT FORMULATE PUBLIC RELATIONS THEORY1

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Malcolm P. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Press Release ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
The Many ◽  
Public Relations Theory

Public relations theory is the foundation for relations practices which management uses to accrue maximum benefits to all functions of the organization. Through a knowledgeable study of all facts concerning a given situation, a plan can be developed to achieve the end result of good relations. The problem of relations with the many publics in the everyday workings of a sanitarian or sanitation organization cannot be met or dismissed by a press release or speech. To develop a sound public relations program, the principles of theory must be considered. This paper has discussed three major principles. These are (a) consideration of fundamental matters, (b) organization involvement in decisions, and (c) evaluating the public interest. If these points are balanced with the actions of an organization, as a philosophy of management, the results will bring about the most favorable relations possible.

scholarly journals PUBLIC INTEREST IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1062
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Kikavets
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government

The basis of legal relations in public procurement are private and public interests. The purpose of the study is a substantive assessment of the authors hypothesis that the purpose of legal regulation and financial support of public procurement is to satisfy the public interest expressed in the form of a public need for goods, works, and services. The methodological basis of the study rests on historical and systematic approach, analysis, synthesis and comparative-legal methods. The results of the analysis of normative legal acts regulating public procurement, doctrinal literature and practice showed that public interest denounced in the form of public need is realized through public procurement. Public and private interests can be realized exclusively jointly since these needs cannot objectively be met individually. In general, ensuring public as well as private interests boils down to defining and legally securing the rights and obligations of the customer and their officials, which safeguards them in the process of meeting public needs through public procurement. The study revealed the dependence of the essence of public interest on the political regime, which determines the ratio of public and private interests. Public interest in public procurement is suggested to understand as the value-significant selective position of an official or another person authorized by the government, which is expressed in the form of the public need for the necessary benefit; gaining such benefit involves both legal regulation and financial security. The purpose of legal regulation of public procurement is to satisfy public interest. These concepts should be legally enshrined in Law No. 44-FZ.

scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF PUBLIC CONTRACT: BETWEEN RULE OF FAIR COMPETITION AND FREEDOM OF CONTRACT PRINCIPLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-357
Author(s):  
Theodora Pritadianing Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Corporate Restructuring ◽  
The Public ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Procurement Procedure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Contract

It is internationally accepted that public procurement procedure and public contract shall be organized in accordance with the fair competition principle and fulfil the requirement of transparency. Public procurement regulations are necessary to secure the efficient use of taxpayer resources by the government in purchasing goods, services and works from the market and to ensure fair competition among the public contract should be protected and that therefore it would be necessary to amend existing regulations which prohibit or restrict this right derived from freedom of contract.  In addition, law makers should also put in place restriction with regard to corporate restructuring which main intention is to circumvent requirements of tender documents.

scholarly journals Social Clauses in Public Procurement as a Premise to Optimise Financing of the Tasks of Government Units

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Ewaryst Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Contracts

Accepting on 26 February 2014 by the European Parliament and the Council a new directive concerning procurement and the necessity to transposition its provisions to the Polish legal system caused the appearance of vital changes in the area of procurement referring to social aspects. The most momentous changes are connected with the specified in regulations possibility to describe a subject-matter of the contract including social requirements, possibility to exclude contractors exclusion and forming conditions of participating in proceedings, and possibility of forming offers assessment criteria referring to social aspects. Therefor the social aspects became a momentous, yet facultative premise of the optimisation of the public expenses within public contracts.

Conceptual features of a public contract in modern civil law

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Andrey G. Ananev
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Public Contracts ◽  
Public Character ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Contractual Structures ◽  
Public Contract

The civil legislation reform affects the provisions on public contracts. This article deals with the issues surrounding public contract qualification under the conditions of modern regulation. A characteristic feature of modern regulation and theoretical provisions of civil law is the lack of unified approaches to defining the public contract concept, its essence, and accompanying conditions. In practice, there are various situations wherein the legislator does not give clear instructions on certain aspects of contracts that have a public character. This determines the theoretical and practical relevance of examining this area. The article analyzes the main defining features of the designated contractual structure and examines the features of expression of public-legal principles in legal regulation in these contractual relations. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of normative material, civil law theory and certain aspects of law enforcement on public contracts norms. The article highlights the legal and conceptual aspects of public contract institution in the context of modern legal regulation. The task of further research on this issue is not so much to find one correct definition of this agreement for the legislator, but rather to fix the individualizing features in the law, by integrating them either into the conceptual apparatus or by directly fixing them in the normative act text. The author attempts to systematize the relevant features and to identify the distinct principles for differentiating a public contract with the related contractual structures. The article also presents clear criteria for differentiation and the hierarchy of the application of certain rules to relations arising from a public contract. This paper concludes by highlighting the need to proceed not only from the definition of law, but also from specific features of a public contract, when identifying the designated contractual structure.

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer strategischen Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
The Public

To what extent can contracting authorities use criteria that go beyond mere price or cost considerations when purchasing goods, infrastructure or services and thus implement objectives in public procurement proceedings that focus on the public interest or sustainability aspects? The work illustrates the potential as well as the limits and implementation hurdles of such strategic control of public procurement from a legal and practical perspective. Beginning with a chronological view of the legal developments in public procurement, the author examines in detail the current German and European legal framework and sheds light on boundaries under international, EU and constitutional law as well as on leeway for contracting authorities.

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