Characterization and Classification of Soils of Valsad taluka, Valsad District, Gujarat

Five representative pedons (P1 Umarsadi; P2 Segvi; P3 Chikla; P4 Bagal; and P5 Faldhara) from different landforms of Valsad taluka in the coastal region of Valsad district, Gujarat were studied for their morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The soils were deep to very deep, well to imperfectly drained, slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline (pH 7.8 to 9.7), non-saline tosaline (0.1 to 4.4 dS m-1), low to high in organic carbon (2.4 to 12.3 g kg-1) and CaCO3 (0.2 to 19.5%), and medium to high in CEC [21.8 to 69.9 (p+) kg-1]. Soil texture varied from sandy clay loam to clay with clay content ranging from 21.2 to 53.5 %. Bulk density was lower in P5 (1.28-1.33 Mg m-3) than the other pedons (1.21-1.48 Mg m-3). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (sHC) was less than the critical limit of 1.0 cm hr-1 in P3, and generally low due to high (>15) exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and exchangeable magnesium percentage (EMP). Pedon P1 was classified as Sodic Haplusterts and P4 as Typic Haplusterts. The pedon P2 with an argillic horizon(<35 cm thickness) in the deeper layerswas classified as Inceptic Haplustalfs. The pedon P3 with lithological discontinuity was classified as Typic Ustifluvents and P5 as Vertic Haplustalfs. The pedons P1, P3 and P4 were developed in the basaltic alluvial parent material, and their subsurface properties were influenced by the paleosols. The pedons P1, P2, and P5 under perennial crops such as mango and eucalyptus have higher organic carbon and lower bulk density. Management measures are required to reduce subsoil sodicity, and sustain crop production in the heavy textured soils.

Download Full-text

Red soils of different origins from southwest Nigeria: Characteristics, classification, and management considerations

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-069 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 295-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. A. Okusami ◽

R. H. Rust ◽

A. O. Alao

Keyword(s):

Clay Mineral ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cropping System ◽

Clay Content ◽

Parent Material ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Biotite Gneiss ◽

Variable Charge

Representative profiles of the Owena, Egbeda, Alagba, and Balogun series were studied. The Owena soil is formed in amphibolite whereas Egbeda and Balogun soils are formed in biotite gneiss derived parent materials. The Alagba soil is formed in sandstone parent rock. The main objectives were to characterize the soils and their clay fraction, and to classify and interpret soil properties for agricultural land use. Most soils exhibit 2.5 YR hues in subsurface horizons. A pedon formed in biotite gneiss has the highest dithionite Fe content and Fed/clay ratio. The relationships between clay content and Fed values vary according to parent material origin and, therefore, would have to be interpreted differently for soil weathering processes. Clay coatings were noticeable in some soil horizons of all pedons studied. Soils are generally medium to slightly acid with sandstone-derived soils being the most acid. The clay mineral suite in all soils is dominated by kaolinite with traces of 2:1 and 2:2 clay minerals, goethite, hematite, anatase, maghemite, and rutile. In addition, some soils contain trace amounts of gibbsite. Kandic horizons have been identified in all soils. The low charge properties of the soils reflect the intensely weathered clay mineral suite. The base status is probably influenced by the cropping system and therefore may tend to unnecessarily differentiate highly weathered soils at the order level. The Egbeda and Balogun series were classified as Rhodic Kandiudults, clayey-skeletal, oxidic and Rhodic Kandiudalfs, clayey-skeletal, oxidic, respectively. Others, Owena, and Alagba series, were classified as Typic Kanhaplohumults, clayey, oxidic and Rhodic Kanhaplustults, fine loamy or clayey, oxidic, respectively. In the FAO-Unesco legend, all soils become Rhodic Ferralsols. In addition, the Owena (with its nitic properties) is further classified as niti-rhodic Ferralsol. The two classification systems are at variance for highly weathered (variable charge property) soils and this difference will definitely influence management decisions depending on which system is used at any particular time. Soil attributes favorable for agricultural use include thick sola and favorable structures. Chemical properties suggest minimal fixation of phosphorus. Key words: Dithionite Fe, kandic, oxidic, variable charge, ferralic, exchangeable Al

Download Full-text

Effect of termite activity on soil under different land management strategies

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Liane Barreto Alves Pinheiro ◽

Rodrigo Camara ◽

Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽

Eduardo Lima ◽

Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Termite Mounds ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

Calcium And Magnesium ◽

Surrounding Soil

Mound-building termites are important agents of soil bioperturbation, but these species have not been extensively studied thus far. The present study aimed to evaluate the soil particle-size and the chemical attributes of termite mounds and the surrounding soil under different land use strategies. A one-hectare plot was defined for an unmanaged degraded pasture, planted pasture, and for a eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora plantation. In each plot, the top, center, and base sections of five Cornitermes cumulans mounds, and the surrounding soil at the depths of 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm, were sampled in the Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. In the three areas, the center of the mounds contained higher clay content, organic carbon, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, total bases, and cation exchangeable capacity, when compared to the top, base, and the surrounding soils. However, the center had lower values of exchangeable acidity and potassium, of the three areas. In the eucalyptus plantation, the values of pH, total bases, calcium, and magnesium were lower, whereas aluminum, exchangeable acidity, sodium, and cation exchange capacity were higher both in the mounds and in the surrounding soil, in relation to the pastures. There were no differences among the three areas in terms of organic carbon, potassium, phosphorous, and total bases, in the mounds and adjacent soil. Thus, the termite activity altered the clay content and most of the soil chemical properties in all of the studied areas, but only for the center of the mounds. However, the effect of these organisms was different in the eucalyptus plantation in relation to the pasture areas.

Download Full-text

Changes in physico-chemical properties of paddy soil due to water and fertilizer management

Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/aajbb.v5i2.53865 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

Israt Jahan ◽

AKM Abul Ahsan ◽

MMR Jahangir ◽

Mahmud Hossain ◽

Md Anwarul Abedin

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Crop Production ◽

Soil Health ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Physico Chemical

Soil physico-chemical properties are an important phenomenon for sustainable crop production and maintenance of optimum soil health. Hence, a laboratory measurement was conducted with soil samples of three years long experimental field of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to assess the changes in five selected soil physico-chemical properties viz. soil texture, bulk density, soil pH, total nitrogen and organic matter. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two water regimes (continuous flooding and alternate wetting & drying) in the main plots and five fertilizer treatments (N0 - control, N1- 140 kg N/ha as PU, N2- 104 kg N/ha as USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills), N3 - 5 t CD + PU @ 140 kg N /ha on IPNS basis and N4- 5 t CD + USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills @ 104 kg N/ha)) in the subplots under rice-rice cropping pattern with three replications. After three years, soil samples were collected at 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths for measuring bulk density and at 0-10 cm depth for other soil properties and analyzed. Results found that % sand, % silt, % clay, bulk density and soil pH was not changed significantly compared to initial status. Percentage of total nitrogen and organic matter was significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization. Total nitrogen (%) was higher in AWD whereas organic matter (%) was higher in CF practice. The highest total nitrogen (%) and organic matter (%) was found in N4 treatment in which USG was applied in combination with cowdung as organic manure. It can be suggested that N4 treatment was formed good combination for sustaining chemical properties of soil. Further long- term experimentation will be needed to know the changes in soil properties for sustainable crop production and improving soil health. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (2), 65-71

Download Full-text

SOIL-SITE SUITABILITY AND EVALUATION FOR SOYBEAN CROP ON SOME VERTISOLS OF MARATHWADA REGION OF MAHARASHTRA STATE

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Malode K. R ◽

Singh Akansha ◽

Sharma C. K

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Surface Structure ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Arid Zones ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Soil Site

A study was conducted in arid and semi-arid zones of Marathwada region of Maharashtra during 2011-12. Six soil profiles on different topographic condition were chosen at Nanded, Latur, Osmanabad and Beed districts of Marathwada region. These profiles were examined for soil site properties such as climate, depth, texture, structure and drainage. Physico-chemical properties such as pH, EC, Organic carbon, CEC, CaCO3 content, available micro nutrient contents, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, sand, silt and clay were also studied,. Morphological analysis showed that surface structure was weak, and sub surface structure was sub angular to angular blocky. Soil color showed dark grayish brown to very dark gray in color. Drainage was moderately well in all soils except P4, P5 and P6, which were showed imperfect drained. Soils were clayey in texture the clay per cent ranged from 50.1 % to 62.1 %, sand ranged from 9.7 % to 21.6 % and silt varied from 25.1% to 32.9 %. The bulk density range from 1.27 to 1.56 Mg m-3. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.1. to 5.3 cm hr-1. The pH ranges showed that soils were moderately to strongly alkaline in reaction. Organic carbon ranged from 1.95 to 10.04 g kg-1, calcium carbonate ranged from 2.8 to 19.0 % and CEC ranged from 38.2 to 78.2 cmol p(+) kg-1. Based on field morphology and laboratory characterizations, the soil of the study area classified to Vertisols of great group Haplusterts. The all soil profiles were classified as Typic Haplusterts at great group level except pedon P6 is Vertic Haplusterts. Soil profile when correlated with yield it was concluded that pedon P5 Typic Haplusterts belonging to order Vertisols were best soils for soybean growing that order.

Download Full-text

Soil-Landscape Relationship in the Northern Volcanic Mountain of Leyte, Philippines

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr3916.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 87-104

Author(s):

Roland Rallos ◽

Victor Asio ◽

Faustino Villamayor

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Parent Material ◽

Landscape Position ◽

Soil Landscape ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Relationship ◽

Unstable Position ◽

And Chemical Properties

Studies on soil-landscape relationships are necessary to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution and variation of soils for their sustainable management. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and landscape position in the northern volcanic mountain of Leyte, Philippines. Five soil profiles located on summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope positions were evaluated. Findings revealed that the degree of soil development as well as the soil morphophysical and chemical properties varied with landscape position. The soil in the most stable position (summit) had thicker solum and slightly more developed soil profile than the soils in other landscape positions. On the other hand, soils in the unstable position (backslope) generally had thinner solum. All the five soils also revealed the influence of the andesitic volcanic parent material on their properties. They all showed some properties typical of Andisols such as low bulk density and high pH in NaF although they were classified as Andic Dystrudept. The soils all possessed physical and chemical constraints for crop production.

Download Full-text

Effects of Parent Material and Land Use on the Variability of Available Cu in a Wetland Soil under Long-Term Farming System

10.36265/njss.2019.290206 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 43-53

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Crop Production ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Clay Content ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Parent Material ◽

Wetland Soils ◽

Wetland Soil

The study was carried out in the dry season to evaluate the variation in available Cu in wetland soil under long-term farming systems. Twenty four surface (0-20 cm) composite soil samples of acidic nature were obtained and analyzed for available Cu in the soils using five extractants (0.01M HCl, Coca-cola, 0.05M EDTA, 0.05M DTPA, and 1N NH4OAc) respectively. Some important soil char- acteristics like soil texture, pH, SOM, and ECEC were also determined and corre- lated with the extractable Cu. The result shows that the content of available Cu varied significantly from 1.72-10.76 mg kg-1 by DTPA and Coca-cola methods, and these were rated from low to moderate, respectively. The study further shows that, the comparative extraction capacity of these extractants followed the order: Coca-Cola > O.1N HCl > 0.05M EDTA > NH4OAc > 0.005M DTPA. The wide variability of the available Cu in the wetland soils under long-term farming sug- gests that the availability of Cu in the soil are haply influenced by the agricultural locations, type of land use systems and soil parent materials, respectively. Corre- lation data also indicated that the fractions of Cu by different extractants were in a state of dynamic equilibrium and dependent were on pH, organic matter, ECEC, and clay content. The marginally Cu content of the wetland soils suggests that the use of integrated organo-mineral fertilizer with copper sulphate com- pound (CuSO4.5H2O) is required to boost the soil Cu and hence increased crop production.

Download Full-text

Characterization and Classification of Major Mango-growing Soils in Arid Part of Ananthapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Agropedology ◽

10.47114/j.agroped.2020.dec5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

Author(s):

R. Srinivasan ◽

◽

R. Vasundhara ◽

M. Lalitha ◽

B. Kalaiselvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Content ◽

Granite Gneiss ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Parent Material ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

High Base ◽

Physical And Chemical

Four typical pedons representing major mango growing soils, developed from granite gneiss parent material were studied for their morphological, physical and chemical properties. The soils were moderately shallow (50-75 cm) to very deep (>150 cm) in depth, loamy sand to sandy clay loam in texture, sub-angular blocky in structure, reddish brown to dark red in colour, slightly acidic to moderately alkaline in reaction, non-saline, very low to high in organic carbon content (0.09 to 1.29%), low AWC (3.36 to 7.80%), low to medium in cation exchange capacity (2.90 to 19.36 cmol (p+) kg-1) and high base saturation (78 to 98%). The soils also had high amounts of coarse fragments in P1 and P2 and high clay content in P4 and P2. Among the exchangeable cations, calcium was found to be high in most of the soils, followed by magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Based on the soil characteristics, the mango growing soils were classified as Typic Haplargids and Typic Paleargids in subgroup level. Varying soil and site characters i.e., poor rainfall, shallow soil depths, excess gravel contents, low AWC, poor nutrient status and severe soil erosion are limiting the growth and development of mango plantation. Developing site-specific soils based suitable management practices can improve the productivity of mango crops.

Download Full-text

Corrigenda - The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9910263c ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PP Cavanagh ◽

AJ Koppi ◽

AB Mcbratney

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Electrolytic Conductivity ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

Download Full-text

The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9910263 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

PP Cavanagh ◽

AJ Koppi ◽

AB Mcbratney

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Electrolytic Conductivity ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Download Full-text

Soils under Shorea robusta in foot hills of the Eastern Himalaya - their characteristics and carbon sequestration potential

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-56p692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 295-301

Author(s):

Samar Gangopadhyay ◽

◽

Samar Banerjee ◽

Avinash Jain ◽

Saikat Banerjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Clay Content ◽

Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Sequestration Potential ◽

Study Sites

Forest soils supporting Sal-Shorea robusta (Roxb. ex Gaertn. f.) plantations in the foot hills of Darjeeling and Kurseong Divisions in West Bengal were studied for their physicochemical characteristics and carbon sequestration potential. Soils are acidic, high in organic carbon and clay content but low in soil reaction (pH) and bulk density (BD). Thick deposit of leaf litter and its decomposition products increase the soil organic carbon (SOC). Significant amount of clay content also increases the moisture content which helps in decomposing the organic matter, reducing the bulk density of soil and reduces erosion. Soil organic matter tends to concentrate with roughly more than half of the soil organic carbon in the upper soil horizons (0-30cm) at all the study sites. Among the study sites, Samardanga block registers lowest SOC while Bamanpukuri block shows highest SOC stock.

Download Full-text