Effect of Nutrients on Biomass Production of Helminthosporium Tetramera A Leaf Spot Pathogen of Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum)

Abstract : Helminthosporium tetramera was a pathogen of Saccharum Officinarum, was isolated from diseased Saccharum Officinarum, leaves from Nashik district and used for the present study. Pathogen was grown on the Czapek-Dox liquid medium substituting or adding different carbon, nitrogen to study biomass production. The growth as dry mycelial biomass was observed on the 8th day of incubation period. A grate extent of growth variation was observed on different carbon, nitrogen. Among the carbon source, fructose shows maximum biomass while glucose with minimum biomass. From nitrogen source cobalt nitrate and barium nitrate shows maximum and control condition with minimum biomass was recorded.

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Adaptation assessment of drought tolerance in maize populations from the Sahara in both shores of the Mediterranean Sea

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-021-02902-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Oula Maafi ◽

Pedro Revilla ◽

Lorena Álvarez-Iglesias ◽

Rosa Ana Malvar ◽

Abderahmane Djemel

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Genetic Regulation ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Favorable Alleles ◽

Maize Germplasm ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Potential Source ◽

Main Stress ◽

And Control

AbstractDrought is the main stress for agriculture, and maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Sahara has been identified as potential source of drought tolerance; however, information about adaptation of semitropical maize germplasm from the Sahara to temperate areas has not been reported. Our objective was assessing the adaptation of maize germplasm from Saharan oases as sources of drought tolerance for improving yield and biomass production under drought conditions in temperate environments. A collection of maize populations from Saharan oases was evaluated under drought and control conditions in Spain and Algeria. Algerian populations were significantly different under drought for most traits, and the significant genotype × environment interactions indicated that drought tolerance is genotype-dependent, but tolerance differences among genotypes change across environments. Based on yield, the Algerian maize populations PI527474, PI527478, PI527472, PI527467, PI527470, and PI527473 would be appropriate sources of drought tolerance for temperate environments. Concerning biomass production, the most interesting populations were PI527467, PI542685, PI527478, and PI527472. These Saharan populations could provide favorable alleles for drought tolerance for temperate breeding programs, and could also be used for studying mechanisms and genetic regulation of drought tolerance.

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Morphological and cultural characterization of Phyllosticta zingiberi (Ramkr.) causing leaf spot disease of ginger

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i3.1418 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1662-1665

Author(s):

Barun Rai ◽

Sekhar Bandyopadhyay ◽

Avisak Thapa ◽

Adeetya Rai ◽

Deewakar Baral

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Microscopic Observation ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Brown Colour

Isolation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaf spot pathogen form the UBKV farm field was done in the laboratory. The isolated pathogen was identified as Phyllosticta zingiberi on the basis of morphological characters as documented in taxonomic keys. The microscopic observation revealed that the pycnidia were globose to subglobose with dark brown colour measuring 124.16 μm × 2.35 μm in average. The pycnidio spores were hyaline, oval to bullet shaped, monoguttulate measuring 4.02 μm × 2.35 μm in average. Among the different media tested for growth highest growth was recorded in Oat meal agar (26.44 cm2) followed by malt extract agar (24.04 cm2) which was statistically at par. The temperature of 25˚C favoured maximum growth (24.20 cm2). However, higher sporulation was observed in 30˚C. Among the different carbon source tested, mannitol supported the highest growth of the pathogen (27.67 cm2).

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Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Mycelial Biomass Production and Antioxidant Activity of Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst.

CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.22137/ijst.2021.v5n1.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Abegail Alcazar ◽

◽

Rich Milton Dulay ◽

Sofronio Kalaw ◽

Renato Reyes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Mycelial Biomass ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Colony Diameter ◽

Red Led

Light is an important factor for the growth of many forms of life, including mushrooms. This paper highlights the effects of the different wavelengths (red, 650 nm; blue, 450 nm; green, 525 nm) of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth, biomass production and antioxidant properties of Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum is a white-rot, wood-degrading fungus in the Basiodiomycota that typically grows on logs. Mycelia were grown on coconut water agar (CWA) solid media for analysis of mycelial colony diameter as well as coconut water (CW) submerged culture for analysis of mycelial biomass weight. Both set-ups were incubated in variously-colored LED chambers. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of the harvested mycelia were also determined. After three days of incubation, G. lucidum mycelia under red LED recorded the highest mean mycelial colony diameter of 72.50 mm. In terms of mycelia biomass production, G. lucidum mycelia exposed in red LED and dark produced the heaviest weight. On the other hand, mycelia grown under green LED had the highest radical scavenging activity of 66.49% while those harvested from red LED showed the highest total phenolic content of 81.29 mg GAE / g of sample. Our results demonstrate that LED color influences the mycelial growth, biomass production and antioxidant activities of G. lucidum.

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Dimeriella sacchari. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400775 ◽

1983 ◽

Author(s):

A. Sivanesan

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Purple Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Dimeriella sacchari. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Saccharum officinarum. DISEASE: Red leaf spot of sugarcane (purple spot). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland), Bangladesh, Cuba, Fiji, Indonesia (Java), Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, Tanzania, Trinidad.

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Ramularia leaf spot in barley

10.19103/as.2021.0092.28 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 681-706

Author(s):

Neil Havis ◽

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Fungicide Resistance ◽

Complex Life Cycle ◽

Rate Of Development ◽

Major Disease ◽

Ramularia Leaf Spot ◽

The World ◽

Causal Pathogen ◽

And Control

Ramularia leaf spot is an emerging pathogen across barley growing regions of the world. It's rise from minor to major disease has been rapid over the last twenty years. The causal pathogen, Ramularia collo-cygni is poorly understood but it has been shown to have a complex life cycle and the ability to exist on many hosts in an endophytic state. The rate of development of fungicide resistance in the fungus is also extremely fast and many of the major single site fungicides are no longer effective in many countries. With multisite fungicides having their approval or reconsidered and no consistent varietal resistance available, control of the disease is increasing challenging. This chapter reviews the latest research into Ramularia biology and control and highlights the areas where recent advances have been made.

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The Influence of Three Years of Supplemental Nitrogen on Above- and Belowground Biomass Partitioning in a Decade-Old Miscanthus × giganteus in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Poland)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Izabela Gołąb-Bogacz ◽

Waldemar Helios ◽

Andrzej Kotecki ◽

Marcin Kozak ◽

Anna Jama-Rodzeńska

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus ◽

And Control ◽

Fertilizer Regimes

Because of the different opinions regarding nitrogen (N) requirements for Miscanthus × giganteus biomass production, we conducted an experiment with a set dose of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the biomass yield, water content, and morphological features of rhizomes and aboveground plant parts in various terms during a growing season over the course of three years (2014–2016) in Lower Silesia (Wroclaw, Poland). The nitrogen fertilization (dose 60 kg/ha and control) significantly affected the number of shoots (p = 0.0018), the water concentration of rhizomes (p = 0.0004) and stems (p = 0.0218), the dry matter yield of leaves (p = 0.0000), and the nitrogen uptake (p = 0.0000). Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected the nitrogen uptake in all plant parts (p = 0.0000). Although low levels of nitrogen appeared to be important in maintaining the maximum growth potentials of mature Miscanthus × giganteus, the small reductions in the above- and belowground biomass production are unlikely to outweigh the environmental costs of applying nitrogen. More studies should use the protocols for the above- and belowground yield determination described in this paper in order to create site- and year-specific fertilizer regimes that are optimized for quality and yield for autumn (green) and spring (delayed) harvests.

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86 Impact of steeping corn DDGS over 72 hours without or with fiber degrading enzymes and protease alone or in combination on concentration of sugars and organic acids and pH in the liquid medium

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 49-50

Author(s):

Youngji Rho ◽

Rob Patterson ◽

Elijah Kiarie

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Liquid Medium ◽

Ph Measurements ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

Sterile Plastic ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

Corn Ddgs

Abstract We investigated the impact of steeping corn DDGS over 72 h with or without fiber degrading enzymes (FDE) and protease (PRO) on concentration of sugar, acetic and lactic acid, and pH. The concentration of crude fat, CP, NDF and ADF in DDGS sample was 8.6, 30.8, 36.1, 12.2% DM, respectively. Treatments were: 1) DDGS steeped without enzymes (Control), 2) DDGS steeped with FDE (FDE), 3) DDGS steeped with protease (PRO), 4) DDGS steeped with combination (FDEPRO). Enzymes were added at 1% of DDGS. Briefly, 50g of DDGS was mixed with 500-mL water with or without enzymes in sterile plastic bottles and steeped for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72-h at 37℃ with continuous agitation. Samples were aliquoted to individual bottle for each timepoint. At each time point, bottles were pulled out from the incubator for pH measurements and liquid medium supernatant for sugars and acids. Highest arabinose, xylose and glucose was observed at 12 and 24 h, followed by decrease at 48 and 72 h. At 12 h, arabinose was higher (P < 0.05) for FDE and FDEPRO than control. The highest xylose and glucose was seen at 12 h for PRO, FDE and FDEPRO while control was highest at 24 h. Acetic acid and lactic acid increased over time. At 72 h, FEDPRO had highest acetic acid compared to control and PRO, while lactic acid was highest for FDE and FDPRO compared with (P < 0.0001) control and PRO. The pH decreased (P < 0.05) over time for all treatments. At 72 h, FDE had lowest pH followed by FDEPRO, PRO and control (P < .0001). Overall, arabinose, xylose and glucose increased to a certain timepoint and decreased, while lactic and acetic acid increased over time, subsequently leading to lowest pH at 72 h. In conclusion, FDE increased concentration of sugars and acids in steeped DDGS whereas PRO had no effect.

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