scholarly journals Variables que hacen adicto negativamente a correr al maratoniano español (Variables that makes negative addicted to run at Spanish marathoner)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Francisco Ruiz-Juan ◽  
Antonio Zarauz Sancho
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Marathon Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Los Grupos

Para estudiar las diferencias entre los maratonianos españoles con mayor y menor puntuación media en la Escala de Adicción a Correr (RAS-8), se categorizaron en cuartiles las puntuaciones medias obtenidas en dicha escala por ellos (n=1226) en varias maratones de la geografía española. Después se compararon las diferencias en cuanto a variables sociodemográficas, de entrenamiento y rendimiento entre los grupos que resultaron. Se obtuvieron valiosos datos descriptivos de la muestra y diferencias por sexos, concluyéndose que la diferencia entre los maratonianos con mayores valores de adicción negativa a correr (no deseable) y los de menor adicción negativa a correr eran, siendo varones, hacer tanto un número significativamente mayor de kilómetros y días de entrenamiento a la semana como de horas por entrenamiento, preocuparse algo más por buscarse un entrenador y tener una mejor marca cercana a las 3 horas y media en los 6-7 maratones que han terminado, frente a una menor preocupación por tener entrenador y ser su primer maratón en los corredores con puntuaciones mínimas enANC. Lo que no se esperaba fue que entre las mujeres no hubiese diferencias significativas. Palabra clave: Adicción Negativa, Maratón, Entrenamiento, Rendimiento.Abstract: To study the differences between Spanish marathoners with the maximun and the lower mean score on the Running Addiction Scale (RAS-8), was categorized into quartiles the average scores on this scale for them (n = 1226) in several marathons of the Spanish geography. Then compared the differences in demographic, training and performance variables between the groups were. Were obtained valuable descriptive data of the sample and gender differences, and we concluded that the difference between the marathoner with higher values of negative addiction to running (not desirable) and the lowest negative addiction were, being a male, making both a significantly greater number of miles and days of training per week and hours per training, caring more for looking for a coach and have a best record nearly 3 hours and a half in the 6-7 marathons that have completed, compared with less concern about having a coach and to be his first marathon in runners with scoring minimum ANC. Was not expected that women would not had significant differences.Key words: Negative addiction, Marathon, Training, Performance.

Gender Differences in the Psychology of Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin J. Hanek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Drawing primarily on the literature in experimental economics and social psychology, this article reviews key findings on gender differences for two aspects of competitiveness and competition: entry preferences and performance. Although women, relative to men, have been shown to shy away from competition and underperform in competitive environments, this article also discusses boundary conditions for these effects, such as the nature of the task or gender composition of the group, and highlights manifestations of these effects in applied domains, including in negotiations, the labor market, educational settings, and sports. Adopting social psychological frameworks of prescriptive norms and stereotypes, particularly social role theory, this article examines ways in which gender-incongruencies may underpin gender gaps in competition and gender-congruencies may alleviate them. Finally, this article considers implications for individuals and institutions as well as future directions in the field to continue finding ways to close gaps.

The Effects of Age and Gender on Lipreading Abilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 883-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Tye-Murray ◽  
Mitchell S. Sommers ◽  
Brent Spehar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Older Males

Age-related declines for many sensory and cognitive abilities are greater for males than for females. The primary purpose of the present investigation was to consider whether age-related changes in lipreading abilities are similar for men and women by comparing the lipreading abilities of separate groups of younger and older adults. Older females, older males, younger females and younger males completed vision-only speech recognition tests of: (1) 13 consonants in a vocalic /i/-C-/i/ environment; (2) words in a carrier phrase; and (3) meaningful sentences. In addition to percent correct performance, consonant data were analyzed for performance within viseme categories. The results suggest that while older adults do not lipread as well as younger adults, the difference between older and younger participants was comparable across gender. We also found no differences in the lipreading abilities of males and females, regardless of stimulus type (i.e., consonants, words, sentences), a finding that differs from some reports by previous investigators (e.g., Dancer, Krain, Thompson, Davis, & Glenn, 1994). El deterioro relacionado con la edad de muchas habilidades sensoriales y cognitivas es mayor para los hombres que para las mujeres. El propósito primario de la presente investigación fue considerar si los cambios relacionados con la edad en la habilidad de leer los labios eran similares para hombre y mujeres, comparando las habilidades de lectura labial de grupos separados de adultos jóvenes y viejos. Mujeres viejas, hombres viejos, mujeres jóvenes y hombres jóvenes completaron pruebas de reconocimiento del lenguaje únicamente por medio de la visión de: (1) 13 consonantes en un ambiente vocálico /i/-C-/i/; (2) de palabras en una frase portadora; y (3) de frases significativas. Además del porcentaje correcto de desempeño, los datos de las consonantes se analizaron en cuanto a desempeño dentro de las categorías de visemas. Los resultados sugieren que mientras los adultos más viejos no leen los labios tan bien como los adultos más jóvenes, las diferencias entre participantes más viejos y más jóvenes fueron comparables entre los géneros. Tampoco encontramos diferencias en las habilidades de lectura labial de hombres y mujeres, sin importar el tipo de estímulo (p.e., consonantes, palabras, frases), un hallazgo que difiere con algunos reportes de investigadores previos (p.e., Dancer, Krain, Thompson, Davis, & Glenn, 1994).

scholarly journals Produção científica sobre sexualidade de mulheres idosas em periódicos da enfermagem, saúde pública e gerontologia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Sidney Costa Santos ◽  
Beatriz De Carvalho Cavalheiro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Elder Women ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Los Grupos

ABSTRACTObjective: to verify the scientific production on elder women, gender and sexuality in journals of Nursing, Public Health and Gerontology. Method: a systematic review of literature, in journals of Nursing, Public Health and Gerontology in Brazil, in the years 2003 to 2007. Results: the 362 articles were pre-selected (111 in nursing, 95 in Public Health and 156 in Gerontology), of these, seven focus on elderly women, gender and sexuality. It was possible to understand that sexuality and gender issues of elder women remain invisible, and few significant. From the seven articles three categories were abstracted: feminization of aging, social of women’s aging and asexualized elderly. Conclusion: the nurses and the groups of studies and research on gender began to dawn, showing interest in the issues. Requires that the educational projects of graduate programs in health, especially in nursing, bringing more thoughts on gender and sexuality of older women. Descriptors: woman; aging; sexuality; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: verificar a produção científica sobre mulheres idosas, gênero e sexualidade em periódicos da Enfermagem, Saúde Pública e Gerontologia. Método: revisão sistemática de literatura, realizada em periódicos de Enfermagem, Saúde Pública e Gerontologia, no Brasil, nos anos de 2003 a 2007. Resultados: foram pré-selecionados 362 artigos (111 na Enfermagem; 95 na Saúde Pública e 156 na Gerontologia), destes, sete versaram sobre mulher idosa, gênero e sexualidade. Foi possível perceber que sexualidade e gênero das mulheres idosas continuam temas invisíveis e poucos expressivos. A partir dos sete artigos foram abstraídas três categorias: feminilização da velhice, questão social da velhice feminina, idosa assexualizada. Conclusão: os enfermeiros e os grupos de estudos e pesquisa sobre gênero começam a despontar, apresentando interesse com as temáticas. Necessita-se que os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de graduação na área da saúde tragam mais reflexões sobre gênero e sexualidade das mulheres idosas.   Descritores: mulher; velhice; sexualidade; enfermagem.            RESUMENObjetivo: verificar la producción científica sobre las mujeres de edad, el género y la sexualidad en las revistas de Enfermería, Salud Pública y Gerontología. Metodo: una revisión sistemática de la literatura, en las revistas de Enfermería, Salud Pública y Gerontología en el Brasil, en los años 2003 a 2007.. Resultados: el 362 artículos pre-seleccionados (111 en enfermería, 95 en Salud Pública en Gerontología y 156), siete se centran en las mujeres de edad, el género y la sexualidad. Es posible comprender que la sexualidad y las cuestiones de género de las mujeres de edad siguen siendo invisibles, y son pocos significativos. De los siete artículos Fueron abstraídas tres categorías: feminilizacion de la vejez, cuestión social de la vejez femenina y mayor sin sexualidad. Conclusión: las enfermeras y los grupos de estudios e investigaciones sobre el género comenzó a amanecer, mostrando interés en las cuestiones. Exige que los proyectos educativos de los programas de postgrado en materia de salud, especialmente en enfermería, deberían traer más reflexiones sobre genero y sexualidad de las mujeres mayores. Descriptores: mujer; vejez; sexualidad; enfermería.

scholarly journals Gender difference in sickness absence: Do managers evaluate men and women differently with regard to the appropriateness of sickness absence?

2019 ◽  
pp. 140349481989078
Author(s):  
Arne Mastekaasa ◽  
Harald Dale-Olsen ◽  
Tale Hellevik ◽  
Gøril K. Løset ◽  
Kjersti M. Østbakken
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Managerial Employees

Aims: Women have much higher rates of sickness absence than men, but the causes of the difference are not well understood. This study examines whether managers have more lenient attitudes towards women’s than towards men’s absence, as this might contribute to higher rates of sickness absence among women. Differences between managers and other employees are also assessed. Methods: Vignettes were used to measure attitudes towards the legitimacy of sickness absence. The vignettes consisted of brief case descriptions of individuals considering asking their physicians for sick leave, with information about the medical condition (mainly taken from the descriptions in ICPC-2), occupation and gender. Respondents judged how appropriate sickness absence was in each case. Quota sampling was used, and the effective sample size was 899 managers and 1396 other employees, with each respondent evaluating either four or six vignettes. Generalised ordinal logistic regression was used. Results: The gender of the vignette person had no effect on the managers’ evaluations of the appropriateness of sickness absence. Irrespective of the gender of the vignette person, however, managers were generally more restrictive than non-managers. Conclusions: Different attitudes on the part of managers towards sickness absence in men and women do not seem to contribute to gender differences in sickness absence, but managers are generally more restrictive compared to non-managerial employees.

scholarly journals Efecto de una intervención estructurada de enfermería en disminución del hábito tabáquico en mujeres fumadoras

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-303
Author(s):  
Patricia Cid Henriquez ◽  
Olivia Sanhueza Alvarado ◽  
José Manuel Merino ◽  
Katia Sáez Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Structured Intervention ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Control ◽  
Los Grupos

Introducción: El consumo del tabaco está asociado al incremento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad femenina. Este hábito implica además un deterioro en la calidad de vida relacionada con salud. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de una intervención estructurada que motivara a las mujeres a disminuir el consumo diario de cigarrillos y mejorar su calidad de vida. Método: Diseño experimental con preprueba-postprueba y grupo de control con asignación de los grupos al azar. De 120 personas se homologaron los dos grupos con cinco caracteristicas, se homologó nuevamente la muestra porque respondieron la entrevista en domicilio sólo 64 personas. El grupo intervención estuvo constituido por 10 mujeres entre 18 y 65 años de la región del Bio- Bío, y el grupo control por 20 mujeres. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado de características sociodemográficas, de test, cuestionarios y escalas que midieron las variables asociadas al consumo, y las orientaciones subjetivas y conductuales, previo consentimiento informado. La intervención estructurada estuvo conformada por: métodos activos de aprendizaje, consejería con énfasis en el fortalecimiento de la percepción de autoeficacia. Resultados: La diferencia de medias en el tiempo y la diferencia de medias entre los grupos (grupo tratamiento y grupo control) es de casi 5 cigarrillos (4,8), esta interacción (tiempo-grupo) resulta a un nivel de significación menor al uno por diez mil.Conclusiones: Esta intervención requiere de reforzamiento periódico hasta lograr la deshabituación tabáquica e incidir en la calidad de vida relacionada con salud de las mujeres con hábito tabáquico. Introduction: Tobacco consumption is associated with an increase in female morbidity and mortality. This habit also implies deterioration in the quality of life related to health. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of a structured intervention that motivated women to reduce their daily consumption of cigarettes and improve their quality of life.Method: Experimental design with pre-test-post-test and control group with allocation of the groups at random. Out of 120 people, the two groups were approved with five characteristics. The sample was homologated again because the home interview was answered by only 64 people. The intervention group consisted of 10 women between 18 and 65 years old from the Bio-Bio region, and the control group by 20 women. A semi-structured questionnaire with sociodemographic characteristics, test, questionnaires and scales that measured the variables associated with consumption, and subjective and behavioral guidelines, with prior informed consent, was applied. The structured intervention consisted of: active learning methods, counseling with emphasis on strengthening the perception of self-efficacy. Results: The difference of means in time and the difference of means between the groups (treatment group and control group) is of almost 5 cigarettes (4,8). This interaction (time-group) results has a level of significance less than one in ten thousand. Conclusions: This intervention requires periodic reinforcement to achieve smoking cessation and affect the quality of life related to health of women with smoking.

Peer-Assisted Learning in the Physical Activity Domain: Dyad Type and Gender Differences

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville ◽  
Christophe Gernigon ◽  
Marie-Laure Huet ◽  
Fayda Winnykamen ◽  
Marielle Cadopi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Peer Interaction ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Univariate Analyses ◽  
Activity Domain ◽  
Physical Activity Domain ◽  
Senior High School Students

The purposes of this study were to qualitatively analyze peer interaction in dyads practicing a swimming skill, and to examine the potential dyad type-by-gender differences in observed peer interaction modes. Sixty-four senior high school students (32 M, 32 F) trained for 8 min either in symmetrical (same competence) or asymmetrical (different competence levels) same-sex dyads. The numbers of attempts and performance scores were also documented for novices. The observed peer interaction modes consisted of guidance-tutoring, imitation, cooperation, and parallel activity. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that tutoring and imitation were manifested more in asymmetrical dyads, while cooperation and parallel activity were more frequent in symmetrical dyads. Males in symmetrical dyads displayed the most parallel activity. Males carried out more attempts than females. Regarding performance, males in asymmetrical dyads benefited more from training than the other groups did. Similarities and differences with findings observed in the academic domain are discussed.

scholarly journals The Gender Approach in the Physical Education System

2017 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Mykhail Dudko ◽  
Inna Khrypko ◽  
Natalia Bishevets
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
General Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Because of global changes in gender roles the ideas of gender education gradually penetrate into educational establishments. However, on the lessons of physical education students study in accordance with general programs of state requirements for the level of general education despite gender differences. It is necessary to study the differences of organization educational process in accordance to gender, the introduction of which, will help students to the full self–realization in the institute. The purpose of the research – is to summarize the data of the main gender differences that should be consider in physical educational process of students. The analysis of literature sources about the difference in gender educational process of pupils of different ages showed that there is a gender imbalance in attending motor activity during extra–curricular time and differences in self–assessment of own possibilities. Beginning from the secondary school age, girls and boys have different sports preferences and motives for attending physical education lessons. It has been clarified that the gender approach in physical culture – is the process of physical education of young students according to their motor preferences and motivational attitudes depending on gender with a view to better meeting their needs. Regardless of gender, younger schoolchildren prefer to spontaneous gaming and good grades become the main motivation for the classes. Beginning from the secondary school age, boys become to prefer martial arts and game sports and girls would choose health–improving types of fitness. The desire to increasing the level of physical training motivate boys to visit classes and for girls is to reduce body weight and improve the figure. It is necessary to consider systematized data about motor activity priorities and motivational attitudes to visit classes of physical education in accordance with age and gender.

scholarly journals A comparative study on intraocular pressure under various anesthetics in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Soo Lee ◽  
Da-Hee Kim ◽  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Min-Sung Kang ◽  
Han Na Suh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are superior model for ocular research due to its morphological and physiological similarities with humans. Thus, the effect of four different anesthetic combinations [ketamine (10 mg/kg), ketamine + xylazine (7 + 0.6 mg/kg), zoletil (4 mg/kg), and zoletil + xylazine (4 + 0.2 mg/kg)] on intraocular pressure (IOP) was determined in cynomolgus monkeys. Results The administration of ketamine + xylazine or zoletil + xylazine resulted in lower IOP compared to ketamine or zoletil alone. Moreover, the IOP in male monkeys was higher than in females. The difference between the right and left eye was not found. Conclusions Anesthetics affected the IOP, and gender differences should be considered when measuring the IOP of nonhuman primates (NHPs).

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