Efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre la condición física y la grasa visceral en personas con obesidad (Effect of a physical exercise program on physical fitness and visceral fat in people with obesity)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 723-730
Author(s):  
Ricardo Manuel Simón Mora ◽  
Antonio Jesús Sánchez Oliver ◽  
Walter Suárez Carmona ◽  
José Antonio González Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Visceral Fat Area

 Introducción. La obesidad se puede definir como un desequilibrio entre la ingesta de calorías y el gasto de energía con resultado del aumento de peso. Actualmente se acepta que la obesidad es uno de los principales problemas sociales y de salud en todo el mundo y su prevalencia aumenta continuamente. La grasa visceral se considera un factor patogénico en la obesidad. Objetivo. Fue evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento concurrente sobre la condición física, la composición corporal y el área de grasa visceral en personas con obesidad. Métodos. 30 personas con obesidad participaron en este estudio. Realizaron un programa de entrenamiento concurrente adaptado y controlado durante ocho semanas. Se realizaron test de condición física (resistencia muscular, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad) y de la composición corporal antes y después del período de intervención. Resultados. Se observó mejoría en variables de condición física relacionadas con la fuerza muscular, tanto en las extremidades superiores (brazo derecho p =.001 y brazo izquierdo p =.002) como en las inferiores (p = .001). También aumentó significativamente la velocidad de la marcha (p =.001) y la agilidad (p =.001). Todas las variables de composición corporal mejoraron significativamente. Mientras que la masa grasa, el peso, el IMC y el área de grasa visceral disminuyeron considerablemente (p < .001). La masa magra y masa muscular aumentaron significativamente (p =.001). Conclusión. El programa de entrenamiento concurrente mejora significativamente la composición corporal en personas obesas, que están relacionadas con los niveles de fuerza muscular mejorada y conduce a una disminución significativa de la grasa visceral.  Abstract. Background. Obesity can be defined as an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure as a result weight gain. Currently is accepted that obesity is one of the major social and health problems worldwide and its prevalence is continuously increasing. Visceral fat is considered as a pathogenic factor in obesity. Objective. The main was to evaluate the effect of concurrent training on physical fitness in people with obesity, body composition and visceral fat area. Methods. 30 obese people participated in this study. They conducted an adapted and controlled concurrent training program during eight weeks. Physical fitness tests (muscular resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility) and body composition measure were applied before and after the intervention period. Results. Improvement was observed on physical fitness variables. Muscle strength, both in the lower extremities (p = .001) and upper extremities (right arm p = .001 and left arm p = .002). Also, the walking speed (p = .001) and agility (p = .001) increased significantly. All body composition variables improved significantly. While fat mass, body weight, BMI and visceral fat area decreased considerably (p <.001), fat free mass and muscle mass increased significantly (p = .001). Conclusion. Concurrent training program improves significantly body composition in obese people, which are related with levels muscular strength enhanced, and conduces significant decrease in visceral fat.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements During Training for Special Operation Forces – An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Rietjens ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Deafvon A.M.S.W. Frenken ◽  
Jasper Most
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: Responses to exercise training can vary greatly between individuals. For special operation forces, low responses to training can hamper performance. In this study, we objectively measured strength and fitness during special operation forces training, and assessed potential determinants of the training response. Methods: Twenty subjects were enrolled, and measurements were taken before and after a 9-week training program. Muscular strength was measured as one-repetition-maximum on four instruments, and physical fitness by the Cooper-test. Body composition was measured using deuterium dilution, physical activity by accelerometry and diet quality by food records. Level of significance was p<0.05.Results: During the 9-week training period, body strength increased by 0.33±0.24 N/kg (+7%, P<0.001, and physical fitness increased by 3.5±3.4 mL/min/kg (+6%, P=0.001). Gains in strength were inversely associated with strength at baseline, and positively with activity intensity during the training program. We observed no effect of training on body weight, but body composition was significantly different at follow-up as compared to baseline (16.9±2.5% to 14.9±2.5% body fat, P=0.03). Energy intake was 4491±506 kcal/d and energy balance was -243±306 kcal/d (P=0.04). Average physical activity level was 2.6±0.2 and the average duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 5:53±0:36h. Over time, physical activity did not change significantly. After adjustment for underreporting, intakes of vitamin C and D were insufficient on average and for most participants.Conclusions: Improvements in strength were modulated by strength prior to the intervention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the training. Thus, compensatory declines in physical activity may hamper the effectiveness of the exercise program.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Moreira ◽  
Betânia Passos ◽  
Josiane Rocha ◽  
Vivianne Reis ◽  
André Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The object of the study was to analyze the relationship between aerobic fitness and body composition in postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that postmenopausal women that had higher adiposity had lower cardiorespiratory capacity, regardless of the characteristics of menopause. The sample included 208 women (57.57 ± 6.62 years), whose body composition and the basal metabolic rate were evaluated by octopolar bioimpedance (InBody 720) and the oxygen uptake by the modified Bruce protocol. Most of the sample showed obesity and a high visceral fat area. The visceral fat area and the basal metabolic rate explained 30% of the variation of oxygen uptake, regardless of age, time, nature or hormone therapy. The values of the latter variables were reduced in the presence of high central adiposity (-6.16 ml/kg/min) and the basal metabolic rate of less than 1238 kcal/day (-0.18 ml/kg/min). The women with oxygen uptake above 30.94 ml/kg/min showed lower values of total and central adiposity when compared with other groups. With an increase of aerobic fitness, there was a growing tendency of the average values of the soft lean mass index, with differences between the groups low-high and moderate-high. These results suggest worsening of the cardiorespiratory condition with an increase of central adiposity and a decrease of the BMR, regardless of age and menopause characteristics.

Serum Myostatin Levels Are Higher in Fitter, More Active, and Non-Frail Long-Term Nursing Home Residents and Increase after a Physical Exercise Intervention

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritz Arrieta ◽  
Gotzone Hervás ◽  
Chloe Rezola-Pardo ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Miren Iturburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Level

Background: Myostatin has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for frailty and sarcopenia. However, the relationship of myostatin with these conditions remains inconclusive. Objective: To determine the association of serum myostatin concentration with body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level, and frailty in long-term nursing home residents. We also aimed to ascertain the effect of an exercise program on myostatin levels. Methods: We obtained study data on 112 participants from long-term nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group and performed a 6-month multicomponent exercise program. Serum myostatin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Assessments also included body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), physical activity level (accelerometry), and frailty (Fried frailty criteria, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Tilburg frailty indicator). Results: The concentration of myostatin at baseline was positively correlated with: a leaner body composition (p < 0.05), and a higher number of steps per day and light and moderate-vigorous physical activity in women (p < 0.005); greater upper and lower limb strength, endurance, and poorer flexibility (p < 0.05) in men; and better performance (less time) in the 8-ft timed up-and-go test in both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.005). We observed higher concentrations of serum myostatin in non-frail than in frail participants (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that the implemented physical exercise intervention, which was effective to improve physical fitness, increased myostatin concentration in men (p < 0.05) but not in women. The improvements in physical condition were related with increases in serum myostatin only in men (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum levels of myostatin were found to be associated with better physical fitness. The improvements in physical fitness after the intervention were positively related to increases in myostatin concentrations in men. These results seem to rule out the idea that high serum myostatin levels are indicative of frailty in long-term nursing home residents. However, although the direction of association was opposite to that expected for the function of myostatin, the use of this protein as a biomarker for physical fitness, rather than frailty, merits further study.

scholarly journals Effect of very low-calorie ketogenic diet in combination with omega-3 on inflammation, satiety hormones, body composition, and metabolic markers. A pilot study in class I obese subjects

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Rondanelli ◽  
Simone Perna ◽  
Zahra Ilyas ◽  
Gabriella Peroni ◽  
Philip Bazire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Class I ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Class I Obesity

Abstract Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effects of a VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation (VLCKD diet only lasted for some weeks, and it was followed by a non-ketogenic LCD for the rest of the study period) on body composition, visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers. Methods It has been performed a pilot open label study lasted 90 days, in a cohort of 12 women with class I obesity aged 18 to 65 years. Data on body composition (evaluated by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry—DXA), visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers were recorded. Results This study showed a body weight reduction mean difference over time of −13.7 kg and the waist circumference mean difference decrease of −13.3 cm. Also, the fat mass (FM) decreased—9.1 kg and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—0.41 kg. No effects on fat-free mass (FFM) have been reported. Improvements were observed in the satiety hormones, with increased ghrelin and decreased leptin, and also in the metabolic profiles. Conclusions A VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation appears to be an effective strategy for promoting an high loss of FM with preservation of FFM in patients with class I obesity.

Abstract 075: Differences In Body Composition At Baseline And In Response To Exercise Training By Metabolic Health And Weight Status

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Jones ◽  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
James S Skinner ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
Mark A Sarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Background: Body composition is known to differ across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Regular exercise improves body composition, yet little is known about differences in exercise response across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Methods: Normal weight (n=376) and overweight/obese (OWOB) adults (n=456) from the HERITAGE Family Study (56% female, 38% Black) completed a 20-week endurance training program. Four groups based on baseline BMI and metabolic risk were created: metabolically healthy normal weight, MHNW; metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MUNW; metabolically healthy OWOB, MHO; and metabolically unhealthy OWOB, MUO. Unhealthy was defined as having ≥2 metabolic syndrome components. General linear models tested for differences in baseline and change in measures of body composition (fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM], % body fat [%BF], visceral fat) after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity (and baseline value in change models). Results: Table 1 shows adjusted mean baseline and change in body composition values by group. Baseline body composition tended to track with weight status, with NW adults having lower FM, %BF, and visceral fat compared to obese adults (p<0.05), regardless of metabolic health. However, the MHO group had lower baseline values of these traits compared to MUO (p<0.05). Body composition measures significantly improved with exercise training in all groups, however, the magnitude of change differed between groups. For example, both NW groups had larger decreases in %BF compared to the obese groups, with MUNW showing the largest decrease. Conversely, MHNW showed the largest decrease in visceral fat, which was greater than both obese groups, but change in visceral fat was similar between MHO and MUNW. Conclusions: Normal weight adults tended to have better body composition profiles at baseline and larger improvements with exercise compared to obese adults, regardless of metabolic health. Within weight groups, body composition improved regardless of metabolic health status.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document