scholarly journals Efectos del entrenamiento con movimientos de halterofilia en el rendimiento de esprint, salto y cambio de dirección en deportistas: Una revisión sistemática (Effects of weightlifting training on sprint, jump and change of direction performance in athlete

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 464-476
Author(s):  
Cristián Andrés Mateluna Núñez ◽  
Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton ◽  
Matías Monsalves-Álvarez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle ◽  
Training Objective

  La capacidad de generar máxima potencia neuromuscular es el factor más importante y determinante en el rendimiento atlético. Debido a esto, el entrenamiento con movimientos de Halterofilia (EMH) y sus derivados es uno de los métodos más usados, ya que la evidencia muestra que genera adaptaciones de fuerza-potencia superiores comparadas con el entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional, de salto y de kettlebells. Objetivo: Identificar los efectos del EMH en la capacidad de salto, esprint y cambio de dirección (COD) en población deportista. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en diferentes bases de datos, como PUBMED, Sportdiscus (EBSCO), Scopus y Web of Science (WOS) bajo modelo PRISMA. Los trabajos revisados fueron experimentales con y sin grupo de control, entre los años 2000 y 2020. Resultados: El EMH produce mejoras significativas en las capacidades de salto, de esprint y de COD en población deportista. Conclusión: El EMH genera mejoras significativas en el rendimiento de salto, carreras y cambio de dirección bajo distintos protocolos. Existe evidencia que sustenta la aplicación de EMH, recomendando sus derivados centrados en el segundo tirón y aquellos que utilicen el ciclo de estiramiento-acortamiento en sus variantes colgantes. Abstract: The ability to generate maximum power is the most important and determining neuromuscular function in sports performance. Therefore, weightlifting training (WT) and its derivatives is one of the most widely used methods, generating superior strength-power adaptations compared to traditional strength training, jumping and kettlebell training. Objective: To identify the effects of WT on the ability to jump, sprint and change of direction (COD) in athletes. Method: An exhaustive search was carried out in different databases, such as PUBMED, Sportdiscus (EBSCO), Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) under the PRISMA model. The reviewed papers were experimental with and without a control group, between the years 2000 and 2020. Results: The WT produces significant improvements in jump, sprint and in change of direction capacities in the sport population. Conclusion: WT generates significant improvements in jumping, running and change of direction performance under different protocols. There is evidence supporting the use of WT, suggesting its derivatives focused on the second pull and those that use the stretch-shortening cycle in their hanging variants.

scholarly journals Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Nebojša Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

Effects of complex strength training with elastic band program on repeated change of direction in young female handball players: Randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110621
Author(s):  
Mehrez Hammami ◽  
Nawel Gaamouri ◽  
Yosser Cherni ◽  
Sabri Gaied ◽  
Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Back Extensor ◽  
Experimental Group

This study examined the effect of 10-week complex strength training with elastic band program on fitness components in young female handball players. Thirty-eight handball players aged 15.8 ± 0.2 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group or control group. The experimental group performed complex strength training with elastic band twice a week over 10 weeks, which included 8 workshops of progressing set length (number of sets) and band resistance for each specific exercise. Sessions were lasted approximately 35 min. The control group maintained regular in-season training. Tests included handgrip; back extensor; medicine ball throw; 30 m sprint times; Modified Illinois change-of-direction (Illinois-MT); four jump tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms and five jump test; static (stork test) and dynamic (Y balance test) balance; and repeated sprint T-test. The experimental group enhanced all strength performance (handgrip right ( p < 0.001), handgrip left ( p < 0.001), back extensor strength ( p < 0.001) and medicine ball throw ( p < 0.001) compared to the controls); sprint performance (5 m ( p<0.001), 10 m ( p < 0.001), 20 m ( p < 0.001), and 30 m ( p < 0.001)); the change of direction (Illinois-MT ( p < 0.001)); jump performance (squat jump ( p < 0.001), countermovement jump ( p < 0.001), countermovement jump with arms ( p < 0.001), and five jump test ( p < 0.01)); and the repeated sprint T-test scores ( p<0.001in all scores). In contrast, no significant difference in both static and dynamic balance performance between experimental group and control group. Ten weeks of complex strength training with elastic band improve fitness components measures in young female handball players then habitual training.

scholarly journals Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza y suplementación en personas vegetarianas: Revisión sistemática (Effects of strength training and supplementation in vegetarian people: Systematic review)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Rodríguez-Gandullo ◽  
Francisco Álvarez-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Total Creatine

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar los efectos de un entrenamiento de fuerza más una suplementación adicional sobre deportistas adultos no profesionales y vegetarianos. Una revisión sistemática de las bases de datos MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SportDiscus y WOS (Web of Science) fue realizada siguiendo el modelo PICO, utilizando términos que representasen a personas vegetarianas de entre 18 y 64 años que hubiesen realizado una intervención basada en un entrenamiento de fuerza más suplementación. Siguiendo el procedimiento PRISMA, de los 62 estudios encontrados tan solo 3 cumplieron todos los criterios por lo que fueron analizados en su totalidad para poder ser incluidos en la revisión. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro. El estudio de Shomrat et al. (2000) la suplementación con creatina provocó un incremento de la masa corporal y potencia media. El estudio de Burke et al. (2003) obtuvo con la suplementación de creatina incrementos en la fosfocreatina (PCr), creatina total (TCr), fuerza, fibras musculares de tipo II y tejido magro, siendo estos cambios más significativos en las personas vegetarianas. Por último, en el estudio de Burke et al. (2008), el factor de crecimiento insulínico de tipo 1 (IGF-1) se incrementó en un 67%, con mayor acumulación en el grupo que fue suplementado con creatina. A raíz de estos resultados se puede concluir que la suplementación con creatina puede provocar efectos positivos en el rendimiento de los deportistas vegetarianos, ya que puede cubrir ciertas carencias derivadas de la dieta vegetariana.Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of strength training plus additional supplementation on non-professional adult athletes who are vegetarian. A systematic review of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SportDiscus, and WOS (Web of Science) databases was performed following the PICO model, using terms related to vegetarians aged between 18 and 64 years who realized an intervention based on strength training and supplementation. Following the PRISMA statement, of the 62 studies found only 3 met all the inclusion criteria and were analyzed entirely to be included in the review. The methodological quality of the studies was performed using the PEDro scale. The study of Shomrat et al. (2000) with creatine supplementation resulted in an increase in body mass and power. The study of Burke et al. (2003), based on creatine supplementation, obtained an increase of phosphocreatine (PCr), total creatine (TCr), strength, type II muscle fibers, and lean tissue. These changes were significant in vegetarians. Finally, in a study of Burke et al. (2008), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increased by 67%, with higher accumulation in the group that was supplemented with creatine. As a consequence of these results we can conclude that creatine supplementation could have positive effects on the performance of vegetarians due to the fact that it could cover certain shortcomings derived from the vegetarian diet.

scholarly journals Revisión sistemática de la investigación sobre el uso del mindfulness en la educación física

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Irene López Secanell ◽  
Javier Gené Morales
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tuvo el objetivo de revisar los artículos publicados en los últimos seis años sobre el uso de mindfulness en la educación física de los distintos niveles educativos, así como sus principales conclusiones. Método: Se analizaron los artículos publicados desde 2014 hasta 2020 mediante las bases de datos ERIC, Taylor y Francis, Web of Science y SCOPUS, en base a las pautas de PRISMA y el modelo PICO. La información extraída de los artículos seleccionados fue: Autor y año, país, idioma, nivel educativo y número de participantes, duración, tipo de investigación, objetivos, resultados y programa de mindfulness utilizado. Resultados: Se han incluido 15 artículos. De estos artículos la mayoría fueron publicados en Estados Unidos, sin ninguna representación en el España, y en educación secundaria, con una duración media de las intervenciones de 3 a 10 semanas. Respecto el tipo de investigación destacan las cuantitativas frente a las cualitativas. Los resultados confirman los beneficios del mindfulness en la mejora del desarrollo de la educación emocional, la atención plena, habilidades de conciencia, la autoeficacia, la autorregulación, la disminución del estrés, del rendimiento deportivo y la actividad física. Los programas de mindfulness utilizados fueron MBP, MAC, MMA, MSPE y MMTS. Conclusiones: A pesar de los beneficios corroborados del mindfulness en el ámbito deportivo, en España, en comparación con otros países, las investigaciones sobre mindfulness y educación física escolar son prácticamente inexistentes, especialmente en los niveles de primaria, infantil y formación profesional. Objective: This systematic review aimed to review the articles published in the last six years on the use of mindfulness in physical education at the different educational levels, as well as their main conclusions. Method: Articles published from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed using the ERIC, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, based on the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO model. The information extracted from the selected articles was: Author and year, country, language, educational level and number of participants, duration, type of research, objectives, results, and mindfulness program used. Results: 15 articles have been included. Most of these articles were published in the United States, without any representation in Spain, and in secondary education, with an average duration of the interventions of 3 to 10 weeks. Regarding the type of research, quantitative versus qualitative stand out. The results confirm the benefits of mindfulness in improving the development of emotional education, mindfulness, awareness skills, self-efficacy, self-regulation, reduction of stress, sports performance and physical activity. The mindfulness programs used were MBP, MAC, MMA, MSPE and MMTS. Conclusions: Despite the corroborated benefits of mindfulness in sports, in Spain, compared to other countries, research on mindfulness and school physical education is practically non-existent, especially at the primary, infant and vocational training levels. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo revisar os artigos publicados nos últimos seis anos sobre o uso da prática de mindfulness em educação física nos diferentes níveis de ensino, assim como as suas principais conclusões. Método: Os artigos publicados de 2014 a 2020 foram analisados nas bases de dados ERIC, Taylor e Francis, Web of Science e SCOPUS, com base nas diretrizes PRISMA e no modelo PICO. As informações extraídas dos artigos selecionados foram: autor e ano, país, idioma, escolaridade e número de participantes, duração, tipo de pesquisa, objetivos, resultados e programa de mindfulness utilizado. Resultados: 15 artigos foram incluídos. A maioria desses artigos foram publicados nos Estados Unidos, sem nenhuma representação em Espanha, e no ensino médio, com duração média das intervenções de 3 a 10 semanas. Quanto ao tipo de pesquisa, se destaca a quantitativa em relação á qualitativa. Os resultados confirmam os benefícios ao nivel da atenção, na melhoria do desenvolvimento da educação emocional, habilidades de consciência, auto-eficácia, auto regulação, redução do stresse, desempenho desportivo e atividade física. Os programas de mindfulness usados foram MBP, MAC, MMA, MSPE e MMTS. Conclusões: Apesar dos benefícios comprovados da mindfulness no âmbito desportivo, em Espanha, em comparação com outros países, as pesquisas sobre mindfulness e educação física escolar são praticamente inexistentes, principalmente nos níveis primário, infantil e profissional.

scholarly journals Entrenamiento de fuerza con bandas elásticas en niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática (Resistance training using elastic band in children and adolescents. A systematic review)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Belén Lagares Vázquez ◽  
Jose Antonio Rebollo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

  El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática para conocer el estado actual de los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza a partir de dispositivos elásticos en niños y adolescentes. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Web of Science y Pubmed. De los 38 resultados iniciales, se seleccionaron 8 artículos que cumplían los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos con anterioridad. Para realizar esta revisión sistemática se empleó la declaración PRISMA. Los resultados mostraron mejoras en la fuerza muscular y en diversas variables de salud y rendimiento. El entrenamiento con estos dispositivos obtuvo mejoras en la capacidad de sprint, salto vertical, cambio de dirección y sentadilla. Además, también se hallaron mejoras en la composición corporal, en el equilibrio, en la prevención de lesiones y una mayor adherencia al programa de ejercicio físico. En la actualidad existe una disminución de la fuerza muscular en población infantil y adolescente a nivel mundial. Esta situación puede derivar en problemas adversos para la salud. El entrenamiento de fuerza con bandas elástica se presenta como una herramienta útil y eficaz tanto en el contexto escolar como deportivo. No obstante, son necesarios más estudios que muestren los beneficios del entrenamiento de fuerza a partir de este recurso con el fin de establecer estrategias para mejorar la salud y calidad de vida en esta población.  Abstract. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review to determine the current status of the effects of resistance training using elastic devices in children and adolescents. The search was performed in the Web of Science and Pubmed databases. Of the 38 initial results, 8 articles were selected that met the previously established eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement was used to conduct this systematic review. The results showed improvements in muscle strength and in various health and performance variables. Training with these devices obtained improvements in sprint, vertical jump, change of direction and squat. In addition, improvements in body composition, balance, injury prevention and increased adherence to the physical exercise programme were also found. There is currently a worldwide decline in muscle strength in children and adolescents. This situation can lead to adverse health problems. Strength training with elastic bands is presented as a useful and effective tool in both school and sports contexts. However, more studies are needed to show the benefits of strength training from this resource in order to establish strategies to improve health and quality of life in this population.

scholarly journals Efeito da intervenção educativa no pós-operatório de pessoas com estomias intestinais de eliminação: revisão sistemática

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 648-690
Author(s):  
Ana Karine da Costa Monteiro ◽  
Maria do Carmo Campos Pereira ◽  
José Diego Marques Santos ◽  
Raylane da Silva Machado ◽  
Lidya Tolstenko Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Standard Education ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Intestinal Elimination

Objetivo: Identificar la efectividad de la intervención educativa em el postoperatorio de personas con estomias intestinales de eliminación. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura registrada en el PRÓSPERO: 42018094601 y realizada en abril de 2018, en las bases MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, LILACS y BDENF vía Biblioteca Virtual em Salud (BVS), además de las listas de referencia de los artículos seleccionados para encontrar literatura relevante adicional. Se incluyen artículos con diseño experimental (por ejemplo, estudios no controlados, estudios controlados y ensayos clínicos randomizados y controlados) y cuasi-experimental, sin restricción de idioma y tiempo.Resultados: Se seleccionaron 6 estudios y el tipo de intervención educativa más prevalente fue la educación estándar para el grupo de control y educación estándar más acompañamiento telefónico para el grupo experimental. La mayoría de los participantes tenía edad a partir de 50 años y el tiempo de duración de las intervenciones educativas varió de 3 a 6 semanas.Conclusión: Se verificó efecto positivo de la intervención educativa en el postoperatorio de personas con estomias intestinales de eliminación en los aspectos: conocimiento, satisfacción, tiempo de internación, aspectos físicos, mentales y sociales, calidad de vida, conocimiento sobre prácticas de autocuidado con alimentación y estomia, ajuste a la estomia y complicaciones.  Objective: To identify the effect of educational intervention in the postoperative period of people with intestinal elimination ostomies.Methods: Systematic review of the literature on PROSPERO: 42018094601 carried out in April 2018, in the bases MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and LILACS and BDENF via the Virtual Health Library (VHL), in addition to the reference lists of articles selected for finding additional relevant literature (including uncontrolled studies, controlled studies and randomized controlled trials) and quasi-experimental, without language and time restriction.Results: 6 studies were selected and the type of most prevalent educational was standard education for the control group and standard education plus telephone follow-up for the experimental group. The majority of the participants were 50 years old and the duration of the educational interventions varied from 3 to 6 weeks. Conclusion: There was a positive effect of educational intervention in the postoperative period of people with intestinal elimination ostomies in the following aspects: knowledge, satisfaction, hospitalization time, physical, mental and social aspects, quality of life, knowledge about self-care practices with feeding and ostomy, adjustment to the ostomy and complications. Objetivo: Identificar o efeitoda intervenção educativa no pós-operatório de pessoas com estomias intestinais de eliminação. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura registrada no PRÓSPERO: 42018094601 y realizada em abril de 2018, nas bases MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, e LILACS e BDENF via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), além das listas de referência dos artigos selecionados para encontrar literatura relevante adicional. Incluíram-se artigos com desenho experimental (incluindo estudos não controlados, estudos controlados e ensaios clínicos randomizados e controlados) e quase-experimental, sem restrição de idioma e tempo.Resultados: Foram selecionados 6 estudos e o tipo de intrevenção educativa mais prevalente foi educação padrão para o grupo controle e educação padrão mais acompanhamento telefônico para o grupo experimental. A maioria dos participantes tinha idade a partir de 50 anos e o tempo de duração das intervenções educativas variou de 3 até 6 semanas.Conclusão: Verificou-se efeito positivo da intervenção educativa no pós-operatório de pessoas com estomias intestinais de eliminação nos aspectos: conhecimento, satisfação, tempo de internação, aspectos fisicos, mentais e sociais, qualidade de vida, conhecimento sobre práticas de autocuidado com alimentação e estomia, ajustamento a estomia e complicações.

scholarly journals Aspectos centrales de la identificación y desarrollo de talentos deportivos: revisión sistemática (Central aspects of the identification and development of sports talents: a systematic review)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Alejandro Fernandez Ortega ◽  
Jeansy Alonso Rodriguez Buitrago ◽  
Diego Alonso Sanchez Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Early Specialization ◽  
Training Objective

 La detección y el desarrollo de talentos deportivos ha sido durante décadas una estrategia utilizada a nivel internacional con el propósito de obtener deportistas de elite y para ello recluta desde edades muy tempranas a niños y niñas que son sometidos a elevados niveles de entrenamiento. Objetivo: el propósito de esta revisión fue identificar y sintetizar la literatura más importante sobre los efectos de la edad relativa (EER), el volumen de entrenamiento (VE), especialización temprana (ET) y diversificación de la práctica deportiva. (DPD) en el éxito deportivo.  Metodología: Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost), Science, Social Science, Web of Science, Scirus, Hinari, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus y Ovid utilizando las palabras clave: edad relativa, especialización temprana, volumen de entrenamiento, diversificación deportiva.  Resultados: Después de la selección contra los criterios establecidos se incluyeron 77 artículos fueron completamente revisados y contenían datos relevantes sobre EER, VE, ET y DPD. La calidad de la evidencia revisada fue buena. Conclusiones: La evidencia científica indica que el éxito en los deportistas de elite y súper elite, no está correlacionado con el VE, la ET, la EER. Estos hallazgos deben ser cuidadosamente considerados por todos aquellos involucrados en la identificación y desarrollo de los deportistas. Abstract. The detection and development of sports talents has been for decades a strategy used internationally with the purpose of obtaining elite athletes, for this, it recruits boys and girls from a very early age who are subjected to high levels of training. Objective: The purpose of this review was to identify and synthesize the most important literature on the effects of relative age (ER), training volume (TV), early specialization (ES), and diversification of sports practice. (DSP) in sports success.  Methodology: online search was made in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost), Science, Social Science, Web of Science, Scirus, Hinari, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus and Ovid using the keywords: relative age effect, early sport specialization, volume training, sports diversification. After selection based on the established criteria, 77 articles were included. They were completely reviewed and contained relevant data on ER, TV, ET, and DSP. The quality of the evidence reviewed was excellent in general terms. Conclusion: scientific evidence indicates that success in elite and super-elite athletes is not correlated with TV, ES, ER. These findings must be carefully considered by all those involved in the identification and development of athletes.

Research on the methods and means of action strength training in aerobics training

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092110042
Author(s):  
Xiaona Yang ◽  
Yang Ji ◽  
Da Ke ◽  
Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Team Member ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Core Strength

Aerobics is a beautiful and rhythmic sport. In recent years, aerobics has developed rapidly, and has become one of the essential courses of physical education in Colleges and universities. But the existing aerobics courses in Colleges and universities are less involved in the training process of action strength. Lack of strength quality is a common shortcoming of Aerobics Athletes in Colleges and universities. Therefore, this paper puts forward the methods and means of action strength training in aerobics training. According to the characteristics of competitive aerobics, combined with the traditional training strategy of action strength, this paper formulates the method of action strength training suitable for College Aerobics athletes. In order to further verify the effectiveness of this method, this paper takes a university aerobics team as an experimental sample to carry out a comparative analysis of the effect of action strength training. Relevant studies have proved that core strength training has the following effects on aerobics players: 1. Helps the calisthenics team member stabilize the trunk, improve the body's control ability and balance ability. 2. It is conducive to completing difficult movements of calisthenics with high efficiency and low energy consumption. 3. Helps the aerobics team member to enhance the special strength. 4. It can effectively prevent sports injuries. 5. It can improve the direction change and displacement speed of the body. 6. It can improve the energy output of the core strength to the limbs and other muscle groups during movement, so that the movement can be completed more perfectly.According to the results of the experiment, the explosive force and endurance of the experimental group after 8 weeks of training have been significantly improved, and formed a more obvious difference with the control group. The aerobics training method developed in this paper can be divided into two stages: the initial stage and the middle stage, which can better meet the students with different physical qualities. At the end of this paper, a fast strength training method is introduced, and the characteristics of different training methods are analyzed.

scholarly journals Does regular strength training cause urinary incontinence in overweight inactive women? A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Bø ◽  
Lene Anette H. Haakstad ◽  
Gøran Paulsen ◽  
Anne Mette Rustaden
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence (UI) is common in women who exercise. We aimed to investigate new onset UI in formerly inactive, overweight or obese women (BMI > 25) participating in three different strength training modalities compared with a non-exercising control group. Methods This was a secondary analysis of an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of 12 weeks of three strength training concepts for women on muscle strength and body composition. None of the programs included pelvic floor muscle training. International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) was used to investigate primary outcome; new onset UI, and secondary outcome; ICIQ-UI-SF sum score. Suissa and Shuster’s exact unconditional test was used to analyze difference in new onset UI. Difference in ICIQ-UI-SF sum score is presented as mean with 95% CI. Results At baseline 40 out of 128 (31.2%) participants reported UI. Three out of 27, 2 out of 17, 2 out of 23, and 0 out of 21 women in the three training and control groups respectively had new onset UI. There were no statistically significant differences in new onset UI across the groups or when collapsing new onset UI in the intervention groups compared with the controls (7 out of 67 vs 0 out of 21), p = 0.124. After the intervention the control group reported worse ICIQ-UI-SF sum score than any of the training groups; mean difference − 6.6 (95% CI: −11.9, −1.27), p = 0.012, but there was no difference in change from baseline to 12 weeks between the groups p = 0.145). Conclusions There was no statistically significant change in UI after strength training.

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