scholarly journals PRODUKSI TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) PADA WAKTU PENGUMPULAN LATEKS YANG BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mochlisin Andriyanto ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Junaidi . ◽  
Arief Rachmawan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Collection Period

Latex is a colloidal suspended of rubber particle in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Technically, the capacity of rubber productivity can be determined by latex collectionperiod after being tapped. The objective of research was to obtain the differences of latex collection period. The study was conducted in September-November 2017 at the Sungei Putih Research Center in Experimental Estate with PB 260 (7 years tapped) on BO-2 (S/2 d3.ET2.5% Ga1.0 6/y(m)).The experimental designused a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments of latex collection periodi.e 20, 40, 60, 80 minutes after being tapped with three replicates respectively. The parameters observed was gram/tree/tapping (g/p/s), kg/ha/years, latex flow rate (ml/minutes) and total solid content (%).The results showed that latex collection period was significantly different to g/p/s, kg/ha/years and latex flow rate. Total solid content (TSC) was not significantlydifferent in all treatments. The latex collection period of 20 minutes after being tapped had higher productivity than 40, 60, 80 minutes.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Small Nucleolar RNAs and Their Roles in Regulating Latex Regeneration in the Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Zhi Deng ◽  
Dingwei Yu ◽  
Xiaofei Zhang ◽  
Zewei An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Small Nucleolar Rnas ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Latex Regeneration ◽  
Nucleolar Rnas

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of conserved nuclear RNAs that play important roles in the modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in plants. In rubber trees, rRNAs are run off with latex flow during tapping and need to be regenerated for maintaining the functions of the laticifer cells. SnoRNAs are expected to play essential roles in the regeneration of rRNAs. However, snoRNAs in the rubber tree have not been sufficiently characterized thus far. In this study, we performed nuclear RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify snoRNAs globally and investigate their roles in latex regeneration. We identified a total of 3,626 snoRNAs by computational prediction with nuclear RNA-seq data. Among these snoRNAs, 50 were highly expressed in latex; furthermore, the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed the abundant expression of 31 of these snoRNAs in latex. The correlation between snoRNA expression and adjusted total solid content (TSC/C) identified 13 positively yield-correlated snoRNAs. To improve the understanding of latex regeneration in rubber trees, we developed a novel insulated tapping system (ITS), which only measures the latex regenerated in specific laticifers. Using this system, a laticifer-abundant snoRNA, HbsnoR28, was found to be highly correlated with latex regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to globally identify snoRNAs that might be involved in latex regeneration regulation and provide new clues for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the regulation of latex regeneration.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO DO VIGOR FOLIAR EM SERINGUEIRA EM DIFERENTES FENOLOGIAS DE DOSSEL

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
José Carlos Pezzoni Filho ◽  
Roberto Filgueiras ◽  
Luis Gustavo Frediani Lessa ◽  
Victor Costa Leda ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phenological Phases

O vigor foliar da seringueira demonstra variação durante o ano, refletindo fases fenológicas que influenciam na produção de látex, além de períodos suscetíveis à doenças e pragas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o vigor foliar dos clones GT 1 e RRIM 600 em abril e; em agosto, setembro e outubro, no município de Itiquira – MT, com clima classificado como Aw. Foram avaliados os vigores dos clones GT 1 e RRIM 600 em abril e; em agosto, setembro e outubro, meses precedente a desfolha anual e posterior a reenfolha natural, respectivamente. O vigor foliar foi avaliado baseado no Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) de imagens do satélite Landsat 5, onde suas médias foram avaliadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, com Delineamento em Blocos Casualizados e dois tratamentos (clones). Na análise, os dois clones apresentaram NDVI em abril com vigor foliar médio, ocorrendo diferença nas médias de NDVI, com maior no RRIM 600. Entre agosto e outubro o vigor foi alto, sem diferença entre o NDVI médio destes clones. O clone GT 1 com idade superior aos 19 anos demonstrou mudança de fenologia foliar em abril. O clone RRIM 600, posterior aos 17 ou 18 anos, demonstrou início de mudança fenológica das folhas em abril.Palavras-chave: Hevea brasiliensis, índice de vegetação, desfolha natural, fenologia. BEHAVIOR OF THE FOLIAR VIGOR IN SERINGUEIRA IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL PERIODS ABSTRACT:The leaf vigor of the rubber tree shows variation during the year, reflecting phenological phases that influence the production of latex, in addition to periods susceptible to diseases and pests. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the foliar vigor of clones GT 1 and RRIM 600 in April and; in August, September and October, in the municipality of Itiquira – MT, with climate classified as Aw. The vigores of clones GT 1 and RRIM 600 were evaluated in April and; in August, September and October, months preceding the annual defoliation and subsequent to natural refoliation, respectively. The foliar vigor was evaluated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Landsat 5 satellite images where its averages were evaluated by Tukey test at 5% probability, with a randomized block design and two treatments (clones). In the analysis the two clones presented NDVI in April with average leaf vigor, occurring difference in NDVI means, with greater in RRIM 600. Between August and October the vigor was high, with no difference between the mean NDVI of these clones. Clone GT 1 older than 19 years showed a change of foliar phenology in April. The RRIM 600 clone, after the age of 17 or 18 years, it showed the beginning of phenological change of leaves in April.Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, NDVI, natural defoliation, phenology.

scholarly journals Perubahan Cadangan Karbon pada Peremajaan Karet Rakyat

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Handi Supriadi ◽  
Yulius Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content

<p>Peremajaan tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis) memberikan konsekuensi menurunnya cadangan karbon sehingga diperlukan teknik untuk meminimalisasi kehilangan tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis perubahan cadangan karbon pada penebangan tanaman karet tua sebanyak 30%, 50%, 70%, dan 100% yang diikuti oleh penanaman karet muda dengan tanaman sela (jagung dan kacang tanah). Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Januari sampai Desember 2013 pada pertanaman karet rakyat umur 25 tahun di Kecamatan Way Tuba, Kabupaten Way Kanan, Lampung. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah penebangan tanaman karet tua 30%, 50%, 70%, dan 100% yang masing-masing diikuti dengan penanaman karet muda dan tanaman sela (jagung dan kacang tanah). Variabel yang diamati: (1) bobot segar dan kering (biomassa); (2) kandungan karbon terikat (fixed carbon); dan (3) cadangan karbon pada pertanaman karet, jagung, kacang tanah, dan tanaman karet muda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penebangan karet sebanyak 30%–100% dari populasi menurunkan cadangan karbon sebesar 7,4–24,29 ton C/ha. Penanaman karet muda dan tanaman sela (jagung dan kacang tanah) dapat berkontribusi terhadap penambahan karbon sebesar 0,98-3,28 ton C/ha sehingga kehilangan karbon akibat penebangan tanaman karet tua berkurang menjadi 6,29–22,92 ton C/ha.</p><p>Kata kunci: Hevea brasiliensis, peremajaan, cadangan karbon, tanaman sela</p><p>Rejuvenation of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) can lead to a reduction of carbon stocks. Therefore, appropriate methods are needed to minimize such losses. The objective of this study was to analyze the changes on carbon stocks in the rejuvenation of rubber with logging system of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% and intercrops between the young rubber plantation (maize and peanuts). The research was conducted from January to December 2013 at smallholder rubber plantation in Way Tuba District, Way Kanan Regency, Lampung when the trees were 25 years old. The design used was a randomized block design with three replications. The tested treatments were logging of old rubber plants at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%, which then followed by planting of young rubber plants and intercropped (maize and peanut). The variables measured were: (1) fresh weight and dry weight (biomass); (2) fixed carbon content; and (3) carbon stocks on rubber plantation, maize, peanuts, and young rubber plants. The results showed that rubber logging at about 30%–100% could reduce carbon stocks by 7.4–24.29 ton C/ha. However, planting of young rubber plants as well as intercropped (maize and peanut) may contributed to the carbon enrichment up to 0.98-3.28 ton C/ha. Hence, the loss of carbon due to logging system turn out to be 6.29–22.92 ton C/ha.</p>

scholarly journals Respons produksi tanaman karet klon BPM 24 terhadap jenis dan konsentrasi stimulan etilen organik kulit pisang

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsiyah Syamsiyah ◽  
Cucu Suherman ◽  
Santi Rosniawaty ◽  
Fetrina Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Latex Production ◽  
Tree Production ◽  
Latex Rubber

AbstrakPuncak produksi tanaman karet klon BPM 24 dicapai pada tahun sadap ke-7 sampai 10, tetapi produksi menurun dengan cepat hingga mencapai titik terendah pada tahun sadap ke-15.  Stimulan merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi lateks. Penggunaan stimulan sintetik yang berlebih dapat menurunkan produksi sehingga perlu dicoba stimulant organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons produksi tanaman karet klon BPM 24 terhadap aplikasi stimulan organik kulit pisang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Karet Sembawa, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan dari September sampai November 2019. Metode percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok  dengan 11 perlakuan stimulan dan  5 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap produksi lama aliran lateks, volume lateks dan kadar karet kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan stimulan organik kulit pisang Ambon dengan konsentrasi 200 g/L mampu meningkatkan lama aliran lateks, dan volume lateks, tetapi pemberian stimulan menurunkan kadar karet kering.Kata kunci : Stimulan Organik , kulit pisang, Lateks, karet Klon BPM 24 AbstractThe rubber tree production clone BPM 24 reaches its peak on 7th to 10th years of tapping incision. After that, the production declines rapidly to the lowest point at 15th year. Stimulant application is one of the technology to increase latex production. Excess application of synthetic stimulants can reduce production, so organic stimulants should be tried. The research intended to know the response of production of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) clone BPM 24 due to application of the organic ethylene stimulant made of  banana peels. The research was conducted from September to November 2019, at Experimental Plantation of Rubber Research Institution, Sembawa, Palembang, South Sumatra. The method of this research was the experimental design that used Randomized Block Design with 11 treatment and three times replication. The observation made on latex flowing duration, latex volume, and dried latex content. The result showed that application of organic ethylene stimulant made of banana peels cv. Ambon on 200 g concentration could increase latex flowing duration and latex volume,  but reduced dried latex content. Keywords: stimulant, banana peels, latex, rubber clone BPM 24. 

scholarly journals Total Solid Content and Compound Properties from Different Collection Time of Hevea brasiliensis Latex

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Arief Rachmawan ◽  
Mochlisin Andriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collection Time

Abstract This study compared the total solid content and compound properties of Hevea rubber latex produced from material collected during different periods. Samples were collected from five trees, with the collection replicated three times with tapping task as replication. Observed parameters included total solid content, vulcanization characteristics, technical and physical properties. The results exhibited that the longer latex flowed, the more total solid content tended to decrease. Results indicate that compound of latex collected 20 minutes (C20), 60 minutes (C60), and 300 minutes (C300) after tapping qualified for SIR 20. Other parameters did not show a significant difference among the three tested compounds. Considering the products requiring high dry rubber content, it is suggested not to blend the late collection with main collected latex.

scholarly journals Pengaruh metode aplikasi dan dosis stimulan cair terhadap produksi lateks pada tanaman karet Klon PR 300 umur 25 tahun

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Cucu Suherman ◽  
Intan Ratna Dewi ◽  
Ria Wulansari
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Latex Production

Sari. Penggunaan stimulan pada tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) merupakan salah satu upaya yang umum dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi lateks. Penggunaan stimulan bertujuan untuk memperpanjang masa aliran lateks sehingga lateks yang dihasilkan dapat lebih banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik dari metode aplikasi dan dosis stimulan cair yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi lateks pada klon PR 300. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2015 di PT. PP Bajabang Indonesia yang memiliki ketinggian tempat 200 meter di atas permukaan laut dengan ordo tanah Inceptisol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 11 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali dengan susunan perlakuan sebagai berikut: Tanpa stimulant (A); Metode Groove + dosis 0,5 mL/pohon (B); Metode Groove + dosis 0,6 mL/pohon (C); Metode Groove + dosis 0,7 mL/pohon (D); Metode Groove + dosis 0,8 mL/pohon (E); Metode Groove + dosis 0,9 mL/pohon (F); Metode Bark + dosis 0,5 mL/pohon (G); Metode Bark + dosis 0,6 mL/pohon (H); Metode Bark + dosis 0,7 mL/pohon (I); Metode Bark + dosis 0,8 mL/pohon (J); dan Metode Bark + dosis 0,9 mL/pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode aplikasi groove dan bark yang dikombinasikan dengan beberapa dosis stimulan cair pada tanaman karet umur 25 tahun menghasilkan volume lateks yang relatif sama dengan tanpa stimulan pada klon PR 300.Kata kunci: Klon PR 300 ∙ Stimulan karet ∙ Penyadapan Abstract. The application of stimulant on rubber tree is one of the common efforts to increase latex production. This application is supposed to extend the period of latex flow, so that can produce more latex. The aim of this research was to get the best treatment combination of application method and liquid stimulant dosage that used to increase latex production on clone PR 300. The research was conducted from March to May 2015 at PT. PP Bajabang Indonesia at 200 meters altitude. The research was arranged using Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of 11 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: Without Stimulant (A); Groove Method + 0.5 mL/tree dose (B); Groove Method + 0.6 mL/tree dose (C); Groove Method + 0.7 mL/tree dose (D); Groove Method + 0.8 mL/tree dose (E); Groove Method + 0.9 mL/tree dose (F); Bark Method + 0.5 mL/tree dose (G); Bark Method + 0.6 mL/tree dose (H); Bark Method + 0.7 mL/tree dose (I); Bark Method +0.8 mL/tree dose (J); and Bark Method + 0.9 mL/tree dose (K). The results of this research showed that groove method and bark method that combined with variant dosage of liquid stimulant in 25 years old rubber plants produced the same latex with no stimulant on clone PR 300.Keywords: Clone PR 300 ∙ Rubber stimulant ∙ Tapping 

APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

A simple design and operation for the anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated swine waste in the tropics

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Yang ◽  
M. Kuroshima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Biological Reaction ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Small Producers

In order to develop a simple operation for an anaerobic treatment process for highly concentrated pig wastewater for small producers, a three-stage anaerobic treatment process was investigated. The system provided a series of mixing, homogenization, biological reaction and final stabilization of concentrated pig waste (total solid content of 8–10%). The process provided a stable operational performance, simple operational procedure and well stabilized sludge effluent. It was also found that the system is economically feasible in Hawaii. Compared to the other treatment processes for highly concentrated pig waste, this process is considered as an appropriate alternative for the application of the small producers in land limited and tropical conditions. Also, the present treatment system can be easily developed into a prefabricated package plant which can minimize the on-site labor and building costs.

Composition of beagle dog milk

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Luick ◽  
Harold R. Parker ◽  
A. C. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Beagle Dog ◽  
The Mean

A statistical study has been made of the composition of the major C-containing compounds taken from beagle dog milk during the 3rd through 5th week of lactation. The mean values are as follows: 26% total solids, 13% fat, 3.3% lactose and 9.8% protein. Total solid content was found to vary with fat content according to the equation: % total solids = 15.6 + 0.85 % fat.

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