scholarly journals Diphtheria in two pregnant in the context of the epidemic in Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carvajal ◽  
Silvana Vielma ◽  
Carballo Martín ◽  
Pedro José Quijada ◽  
José Manuel Barboza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease

Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae that encodes diphtheria toxin (DT) in susceptible human subjects during an outbreak. Venezuela has experienced a widespread resurgence of diphtheria since early 2016.

scholarly journals BONEKA PANGGUNG DAN BUKU SAKU BERGAMBAR SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI KESEHATAN TENTANG DIFTERI DAN IMUNISASI PADA SISWA TK DAN SD DI KOTA MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Desy Ariwinanti ◽  
Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfa ◽  
Lucky Radita Alma
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Pocket Book ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease

Abstrak : Difteri atau Diphtheria adalah suatu penyakit infeksi akut yang disebabkan oleh toksin yang diproduksi oleh Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Angka kejadian difteri di Indonesia terus meningkat, pada 2016 terjadi 415 kasus dengan 24 kematian, Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 5.8%. Di Kota Malang sepanjang 2017 ditemukan 19 kasus terutama di sekolah dasar hingga menengah yang belum mendapat imunisasi (Arifin, 2017). Boneka Panggung dan Buku Saku Bergambar merupakan media promosi kesehatan yang dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk mengenalkan difteri dan meningkatkan sikap positif terhadap imunisasi difteri. Sosialisai dilakukan di TK Laboratorium dan SD Sriwedari. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah terlaksananya kegiatan sosialisai difteri dan vaksinasi diikuti dengan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang difteri dan perubahan sikap siswa menjadi bersikap positif terhadap imunisasi.Kata kunci: difteri, boneka panggung, buku saku Abstract : Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by a toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The incidence of diphtheria in Indonesia has an increase trend, in 2016 there were 415 cases with 24 deaths, Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 5.8%. Furthermore, Malang city, in 2017 was found 19 cases, especially in elementary and secondary schools found that they did not received immunization. Puppet Stage and Picture Pocket Book are health promotion media that can be used as a medium to introduce diphtheria and increase positive attitudes towards diphtheria immunization. This research method was description and involved student at the Laboratory Kindergarten and Sriwedari Elementary School. The results obtained that the successful of diphtheria socialization implementation activities was followed by increased knowledge about diphtheria and student attitudes to be more positive towards immunization.Key words: diphtheria, puppet stage, picture pocket book

scholarly journals Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Takashi Hamabata ◽  
Mitsutoshi Senoh ◽  
Masaaki Iwaki ◽  
Ayae Nishiyama ◽  
Akihiko Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Environmental Survival ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Morphological Differences

Many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, can become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) following exposure to specific stress conditions. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a known human pathogen causing diphtheria, has not previously been shown to enter the VBNC state. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae can become VBNC when exposed to low temperatures. Morphological differences in culturable and VBNC C. diphtheriae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Culturable cells presented with a typical rod-shape, whereas VBNC cells showed a distorted shape with an expanded center. Cells could be transitioned from VBNC to culturable following treatment with catalase. This was further evaluated via RNA sequence-based transcriptomic analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR of culturable, VBNC, and resuscitated VBNC cells following catalase treatment. As expected, many genes showed different behavior by resuscitation. The expression of both the diphtheria toxin and the repressor of diphtheria toxin genes remained largely unchanged under all four conditions (culturable, VBNC, VBNC after the addition of catalase, and resuscitated cells). This is the first study to demonstrate that C. diphtheriae can enter a VBNC state and that it can be rescued from this state via the addition of catalase. This study helps to expand our general understanding of VBNC, the pathogenicity of VBNC C. diphtheriae, and its environmental survival strategy.

scholarly journals Dengue- An Emerging Disease in Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (184) ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Pun
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease

Dengue is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue viruses and transmitted by the Aedes species of mosquito. The rapid global spread of the dengue virus into new areas has begun to attract more research attention. A series of dengue fever outbreaks in several districts of Nepal has been recently observed. The evidence of all four serotypes (DEN – 1 - 4) could be a consequence of a sudden resurgence of a more severe dengue disease in Nepal. Health care providers need to become familiar with the disease to prevent or control the possibility of future outbreaks. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiological patterns and challenges of dengue virus infection in Nepal will be discussed here. Keywords: Dengue, epidemiological patterns, Nepal.

scholarly journals A forensic evaluation of plague – a re-emerging infectious disease with biowarfare potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Roger W. Byard
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forensic Evaluation ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
Recent Occurrence ◽  
Splenic Necrosis ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Significant Mortality

Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by the gram-negative cocco-bacillus Yersinia pestis. It has been responsible for 200 million deaths throughout history with three major pandemics. There are three forms: bubonic, septicaemic and pneumonic, each carrying a significant mortality rate. The usual transmission is from fleas carried by rodents. Recently, it has been listed as one of the reemerging infectious diseases globally, with a potential use in bioterrorism. At autopsy there may be lymphadenopathy, fulminant pneumonia or diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. However any organ may be affected with myocarditis, meningitis, pharyngitis and hepatic and splenic necrosis. The lethality of plague with the resurgence in numbers of cases, development of antibiotic resistance, recent occurrence in urban areas and the lack of a vaccine make it a disease not to be missed in the mortuary.

214: PROPHYLACTIC VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM TREATMENT IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Alpesh Amin ◽  
Richey Neuman ◽  
Melissa Lingohr-Smith ◽  
Brandy Menges ◽  
Jay Lin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease

scholarly journals Population genomics and antimicrobial resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Hennart ◽  
Leonardo G. Panunzi ◽  
Carla Rodrigues ◽  
Quentin Gaday ◽  
Sarah L. Baines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure

Abstract Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the agent of diphtheria, is a genetically diverse bacterial species. Although antimicrobial resistance has emerged against several drugs including first-line penicillin, the genomic determinants and population dynamics of resistance are largely unknown for this neglected human pathogen. Methods Here, we analyzed the associations of antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, diphtheria toxin production, and genomic features in C. diphtheriae. We used 247 strains collected over several decades in multiple world regions, including the 163 clinical isolates collected prospectively from 2008 to 2017 in France mainland and overseas territories. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple deep-branching sublineages, grouped into a Mitis lineage strongly associated with diphtheria toxin production and a largely toxin gene-negative Gravis lineage with few toxin-producing isolates including the 1990s ex-Soviet Union outbreak strain. The distribution of susceptibility phenotypes allowed proposing ecological cutoffs for most of the 19 agents tested, thereby defining acquired antimicrobial resistance. Penicillin resistance was found in 17.2% of prospective isolates. Seventeen (10.4%) prospective isolates were multidrug-resistant (≥ 3 antimicrobial categories), including four isolates resistant to penicillin and macrolides. Homologous recombination was frequent (r/m = 5), and horizontal gene transfer contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in multiple sublineages. Genome-wide association mapping uncovered genetic factors of resistance, including an accessory penicillin-binding protein (PBP2m) located in diverse genomic contexts. Gene pbp2m is widespread in other Corynebacterium species, and its expression in C. glutamicum demonstrated its effect against several beta-lactams. A novel 73-kb C. diphtheriae multiresistance plasmid was discovered. Conclusions This work uncovers the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in C. diphtheriae in the context of phylogenetic structure, biovar, and diphtheria toxin production and provides a blueprint to analyze re-emerging diphtheria.

scholarly journals Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Austrian Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clinical Isolates, 2011-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Schaeffer ◽  
Steliana Huhulescu ◽  
Anna Stoeger ◽  
Franz Allerberger ◽  
Werner Ruppitsch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Background: Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease with a high potential for re-emergence. One of its causative agent is Corynebacterium diphtheriae, some strains producing the diphtheria toxin. From 2011 to 2019, 57 clinical C. diphtheriae strains were isolated in Austria, either from the respiratory track or from skin infections. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity of these C. diphtheriae isolates using whole genome sequencing. Methods: Isolates were characterized by genome wide comparison using single nucleotide polymorphism or core genome multilocus sequence typing, and by searching sequence data for antimicrobial resistance genes and genes involved in diphtheria toxin production. Results: Genetic diversity between the isolates was high, with no clear distribution over time or place. C. belfantii isolates were separated from other strains, and were strongly associated with respiratory infections (OR = 57). Two clusters, limited in time and space, were identified. Almost 40% of strains carried resistance genes against tetracycline or sulfonamides, mostly from skin infections. Microbiological tests showed that 55% of isolates were resistant to penicillin, but did not carry genes conferring β-lactam resistance. Diphtheria toxin gene with no non-synonymous mutation was found in three isolates only. Conclusion: This study showed that sequencing can provide valuable information complementing routine microbiological and epidemiological investigations. It allowed us to identify unknown clusters, evaluate antimicrobial resistances more broadly and support toxigenicity results obtained by PCR. For these reasons, C. diphtheriae surveillance could strongly benefit from the routine implementation of whole genome sequencing.

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