scholarly journals BONEKA PANGGUNG DAN BUKU SAKU BERGAMBAR SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI KESEHATAN TENTANG DIFTERI DAN IMUNISASI PADA SISWA TK DAN SD DI KOTA MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Desy Ariwinanti ◽  
Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfa ◽  
Lucky Radita Alma
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Pocket Book ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease

Abstrak : Difteri atau Diphtheria adalah suatu penyakit infeksi akut yang disebabkan oleh toksin yang diproduksi oleh Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Angka kejadian difteri di Indonesia terus meningkat, pada 2016 terjadi 415 kasus dengan 24 kematian, Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 5.8%. Di Kota Malang sepanjang 2017 ditemukan 19 kasus terutama di sekolah dasar hingga menengah yang belum mendapat imunisasi (Arifin, 2017). Boneka Panggung dan Buku Saku Bergambar merupakan media promosi kesehatan yang dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk mengenalkan difteri dan meningkatkan sikap positif terhadap imunisasi difteri. Sosialisai dilakukan di TK Laboratorium dan SD Sriwedari. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah terlaksananya kegiatan sosialisai difteri dan vaksinasi diikuti dengan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang difteri dan perubahan sikap siswa menjadi bersikap positif terhadap imunisasi.Kata kunci: difteri, boneka panggung, buku saku Abstract : Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by a toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The incidence of diphtheria in Indonesia has an increase trend, in 2016 there were 415 cases with 24 deaths, Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 5.8%. Furthermore, Malang city, in 2017 was found 19 cases, especially in elementary and secondary schools found that they did not received immunization. Puppet Stage and Picture Pocket Book are health promotion media that can be used as a medium to introduce diphtheria and increase positive attitudes towards diphtheria immunization. This research method was description and involved student at the Laboratory Kindergarten and Sriwedari Elementary School. The results obtained that the successful of diphtheria socialization implementation activities was followed by increased knowledge about diphtheria and student attitudes to be more positive towards immunization.Key words: diphtheria, puppet stage, picture pocket book

scholarly journals Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Masyarakat Dalam Mencegah Leptospirosis di Desa Pabelan Kabupaten Sukoharjo

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Agus Sudaryanto ◽  
Fatkhurrohman Ilham Fuadi ◽  
Endang Zulaicha Susilaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Severe Leptospirosis ◽  
The Relationship

Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang mempunyai dampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan di banyak belahan dunia beriklim sub tropis dan tropis. Bakteri Leptospira merupakan penyebab leptospirosis yang dapat menyerang hewan dan manusia. Infeksi pada manusia merupakan kejadian yang bersifat insidental, karena reservoir atau penyebar utama Leptospira adalah tikus. Air kencing tikus yang terinfeksi Leptospira terbawa banjir dan dapat masuk ke tubuh manusia melalui kulit yang terluka dan selaput mukosa. Semua kasus leptospirosis ringan (anikterik) dapat sembuh sempurna, berbeda dengan leptospirosis berat (ikterik) yang mempunyai angka Case Fatality Rate tinggi, antara 5%-40%. Upaya pencegahan merupakan salah satu cara untuk menekan angka kejadian leptospirosis, diantaranya ialah dengan menumbuhkan sikap dan pengetahuan yang baik tentang leptospirosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap masyarakat dalam mencegah leptospirosis di Desa Pabelan, Kecamatan Kartasura, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Pabelan sejumlah 212 responden dengan menggunakan accidental sampling. Mayoritas responden mempunyai pengetahuan yang kurang (53,3%). Sebaliknya, 80,7% dari responden mempunyai skor sikap yang baik. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease which has a significant effect on human health most commonly found in tropical or sub-tropical countries. Leptospira bacteria is the cause of leptospirosis which can attack animals and humans. Infection in humans is accidental, because the main reservoir or spreader of leptospira is rodents. The urine of infected rodents carried away by floodwaters can enter the human body through broken skin and mucous membranes. All patients with mild leptospirosis (anicteric) can recover completely. It is very different from patients with severe leptospirosis (jaundice) who have a high case fatality rate from 5% to 40%. Preventive measure is one way to reduce the incidence of leptospirosis by developing positive attitudes and improving good knowledge about leptospirosis. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of the community concerning on the prevention of leptospirosis in Pabelan village, Sukoharjo Regency. This study employed quantitative research with a cross sectional design in a sample of 212 respondents from Pabelan village selected by using accidental sampling. Majority of respondents demonstrated moderate knowledge (53.3%). However, 80.7% of the them demonstrated good attitude scores.

scholarly journals A Case of Covid-19 Patient Presenting with Gastrointestinal-Specific Symptoms in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Simadibrata ◽  
Cleopas Martin Rumende ◽  
Rahmad Mulyadi ◽  
Marcellus Simadibrata
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease officially declared as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Indonesia’s COVID-19 case fatality rate remain consistently high, approximately twice the global case fatality rate available. Patients typically present with fever, dry cough and dyspnea. However, there were reports of atypical COVID-19 symptoms such as myalgia, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. These atypical presentations were suggested to indicate a more severe COVID-19. Here, we present a case of COVID-19 patient presenting with gastrointestinal-specific symptoms in Indonesia.

Impact of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol on COVID-19 case-fatality rate reduction in Algeria. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Youssef Kada
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND Covid-19 is an emerging infectious disease like viral zoonosis caused by new coronavirus SARS CoV 2. On December 31, 2019, Wuhan Municipal Health Commission in Hubei province (China) reported cases of pneumonia, the origin of which is a new coronavirus. Rapidly extendable around the world, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares it pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic reaches Algeria on February 25, 2020, date on which the Algerian minister of health, announced the first case of Covid-19, a foreign citizen. From March 1, a cluster is formed in Blida and becomes the epicentre of the coronavirus epidemic in Algeria, its total quarantine is established on March 24, 2020, it will be smoothly alleviated on April 24. A therapeutic protocol based on hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was put in place on March 23, for complicated cases, it was extended to all the cases confirmed on April 06. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol in Algeria, in particular after its extension to all patients diagnosed COVID-19 positive on RT-PCR test. We were able to illustrate this fact graphically, but not to prove it statistically because the design of our study, indeed in the 7 days which followed generalization of therapeutic protocol, case fatality rate decrease and doubling time increase, thus confirming the impact of wide and early prescription of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol. METHODS We have analyzed the data collected from press releases and follow-ups published daily by the Ministry of Health, we have studied the possible correlations of these data with certain events or decisions having a possible impact on their development, such as confinement at home and its reduction, the prescription of hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin combination for serious patients and its extension to all positive COVID subjects. Results are presented in graphics, the data collection was closed on 31/05/2020. RESULTS Covid-19 pandemic spreads from February 25, 2020, when a foreign citizen is tested positive, on March 1 a cluster is formed in the city of Blida where sixteen members of the same family are infected during a wedding party. Wilaya of Blida becomes the epicentre of coronavirus epidemic in Algeria and lockdown measures taken, while the number of national cases diagnosed begins to increases In any event, the association of early containment measures combined with a generalized initial treatment for all positive cases, whatever their degree of severity, will have contributed to a reduction in the fatality rate of COVID 19 and a slowing down of its doubling time. CONCLUSIONS In Algeria, the rapid combination of rigorous containment measure at home and early generalized treatment with hydroxychloroquin have demonstrated their effectiveness in terms of morbidity and mortality, the classic measures of social distancing and hygiene will make it possible to perpetuate these results by reducing viral transmission, the only unknown, the reopening procedure which can only be started after being surrounded by precautions aimed at ensuring the understanding of the population. CLINICALTRIAL Algeria, Covid-19, pandemic, hydroxychloroquin, azithromycin, case fatality rate

scholarly journals Author Correction: Calcium channel blocker amlodipine besylate therapy is associated with reduced case fatality rate of COVID-19 patients with hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei-Ke Zhang ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Haolong Zeng ◽  
Qingxing Wang ◽  
Xiaming Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Amlodipine Besylate

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-021-00267-0

scholarly journals Early determination of case fatality rate of COVID-19 pandemic during the ongoing Yemeni armed conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdulla Salem Bin Ghouth ◽  
Ali Ahmed Al-Waleedi ◽  
Marhami Fahriani ◽  
Firzan Nainu ◽  
Harapan Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Objectives: To determine the case-fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its associated determinants in order to understand the true magnitude of the problem during ongoing conflict in Yemen. Methods: The CFR among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Yemen was calculated. The data was retrieved from national COVID-19 surveillance between April 10, when the first COVID-19 case reported, and May 31, 2020. Results: A total of 419 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported. There were 14.1% and 5.7% of cases who required intensive care and mechanical ventilators, respectively. Out of total cases, 95 deaths were reported, giving CFR of 22.6% which is much higher compared to other countries. CFR was significantly higher among elderly compared to young adults and varied between governorates. Mortality was associated with preexisting hypertension (OR: 2.30; 95%CI: 1.58, 3.54) and diabetes (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.08, 2.61). Conclusions: Elderly and those with comorbidities, in particular hypertension and diabetes, have higher risk for poor outcomes and therefore should receive more attention in the clinical setting. Preventive measures should also be prioritized to protect those groups in order to reduce the severe cases and deaths-associated COVID-19 in armed-conflict.

scholarly journals Regional Variability in COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in Canada, February–December 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Eunha Shim
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Mortality Burden

A total of 475,214 COVID-19 cases, including 13,659 deaths, had been recorded in Canada as of 15 December 2020. The daily reports of confirmed cases and deaths in Canada prior to 15 December 2020 were obtained from publicly available sources and used to examine regional variations in case fatality rate (CFR). Based on a factor of underestimation and the duration of time from symptom onset to death, the time-delay adjusted CFR for COVID-19 was estimated in the four most affected provinces (Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia) and nationwide. The model-based adjusted CFR was higher than the crude CFR throughout the pandemic, primarily owing to the incorporation in our estimation of the delay between case reports and deaths. The adjusted CFR in Canada was estimated to be 3.36% nationwide. At the provincial level, the adjusted CFR was the highest in Quebec (5.13%)—where the proportion of deaths among older individuals was also the highest among the four provinces—followed by Ontario (3.17%), British Columbia (1.97%), and Alberta (1.13%). Provincial-level variations in CFR were considerable, suggesting that public health interventions focused on densely populated areas and elderly individuals can ameliorate the mortality burden of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Age and Infectious Dose Significantly Affect Disease Progression after RHDV2 Infection in Naïve Domestic Rabbits

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Robyn N. Hall ◽  
Tegan King ◽  
Tiffany O’Connor ◽  
Andrew J. Read ◽  
Jane Arrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Wild Rabbit ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2 or GI.2, referring to any virus with lagovirus GI.2 structural genes) is a recently emerged calicivirus that causes generalised hepatic necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation leading to death in susceptible lagomorphs (rabbits and hares). Previous studies investigating the virulence of RHDV2 have reported conflicting results, with case fatality rates ranging from 0% to 100% even within a single study. Lagoviruses are of particular importance in Australia and New Zealand where they are used as biocontrol agents to manage wild rabbit populations, which threaten over 300 native species and result in economic impacts in excess of $200 million AUD annually to Australian agricultural industries. It is critically important that any pest control method is both highly effective (i.e., virulent, in the context of viral biocontrols) and has minimal animal welfare impacts. To determine whether RHDV2 might be a suitable candidate biocontrol agent, we investigated the virulence and disease progression of a naturally occurring Australian recombinant RHDV2 in both 5-week-old and 11-week-old New Zealand White laboratory rabbits after either high or low dose oral infection. Objective measures of disease progression were recorded through continuous body temperature monitoring collars, continuous activity monitors, and twice daily observations. We observed a 100% case fatality rate in both infected kittens and adult rabbits after either high dose or low dose infection. Clinical signs of disease, such as pyrexia, weight loss, and reduced activity, were evident in the late stages of infection. Clinical disease, i.e., welfare impacts, were limited to the period after the onset of pyrexia, lasting on average 12 h and increasing in severity as disease progressed. These findings confirm the high virulence of this RHDV2 variant in naïve rabbits. While age and infectious dose significantly affected disease progression, the case fatality rate was consistently 100% under all conditions tested.

scholarly journals Population-Predicted MHC Class II Epitope Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins Correlates to the Case Fatality Rates of COVID-19 in Different Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2630
Author(s):  
Chunguang Liang ◽  
Elena Bencurova ◽  
Eric Psota ◽  
Priya Neurgaonkar ◽  
Martina Prelog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Infection Spread

We observed substantial differences in predicted Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHCII) epitope presentation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins for different populations but only minor differences in predicted MHCI epitope presentation. A comparison of this predicted epitope MHC-coverage revealed for the early phase of infection spread (till day 15 after reaching 128 observed infection cases) highly significant negative correlations with the case fatality rate. Specifically, this was observed in different populations for MHC class II presentation of the viral spike protein (p-value: 0.0733 for linear regression), the envelope protein (p-value: 0.023), and the membrane protein (p-value: 0.00053), indicating that the high case fatality rates of COVID-19 observed in some countries seem to be related with poor MHC class II presentation and hence weak adaptive immune response against these viral envelope proteins. Our results highlight the general importance of the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in immunological control in early infection spread looking at a global census in various countries and taking case fatality rate into account. Other factors such as health system and control measures become more important after the early spread. Our study should encourage further studies on MHCII alleles as potential risk factors in COVID-19 including assessment of local populations and specific allele distributions.

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