scholarly journals Dengue- An Emerging Disease in Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (184) ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Pun
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease

Dengue is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue viruses and transmitted by the Aedes species of mosquito. The rapid global spread of the dengue virus into new areas has begun to attract more research attention. A series of dengue fever outbreaks in several districts of Nepal has been recently observed. The evidence of all four serotypes (DEN – 1 - 4) could be a consequence of a sudden resurgence of a more severe dengue disease in Nepal. Health care providers need to become familiar with the disease to prevent or control the possibility of future outbreaks. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiological patterns and challenges of dengue virus infection in Nepal will be discussed here. Keywords: Dengue, epidemiological patterns, Nepal.

scholarly journals Serum LPS Associated with Hantavirus and Dengue Disease Severity in Barbados

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Kirk Douglas ◽  
Thelma Samuels ◽  
Marquita Gittens-St. Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Co Detection ◽  
First Time

Hantavirus and dengue virus (DENV) infections are caused by RNA viruses which infect immune systems’ cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and occur year-round in Barbados. A retrospective serological study (2008–2015) was conducted on hantavirus and dengue patient sera confirmed by IgM and IgG ELISA, NS1 and RT-PCR using Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) kinetic turbidimetric method to determine serum endotoxin levels. Hantavirus patients were categorized into two groups, namely (a) hospitalized and (b) non-hospitalized. Dengue patients were categorized into 3 groups using 2009 WHO dengue guidelines (a) severe dengue (SD), (b) hospitalized non-severe dengue (non-SD) and (c) non-hospitalized non-SD. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the association of endotoxin levels with hantavirus disease severity based on hospitalization and dengue disease severity. Serum endotoxin levels are associated with hantavirus disease severity and hospitalization and dengue disease severity (p < 0.01). Similar studies have found an association of serum endotoxin levels with dengue disease severity but never with hantavirus infection. Co-detection of hantavirus- and DENV-specific IgM in some patients were observed with elevated serum endotoxin levels. In addition, previous studies observed hantavirus replication in the gut of patients, gastrointestinal tract as a possible entry route of infection and evidence of microbial translocation and its impact on hantavirus disease severity. A significant correlation of serum endotoxin and hantavirus disease severity and hospitalization in hantavirus infected patients is reported for the first time ever. In addition, serum endotoxin levels correlated with dengue disease severity. This study adds further support to the role of endotoxin in both hantavirus and dengue virus infection and disease severity and its role as a possible therapeutic target for viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs).

scholarly journals Cells in Dengue Virus Infection In Vivo

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sansanee Noisakran ◽  
Nattawat Onlamoon ◽  
Pucharee Songprakhon ◽  
Hui-Mien Hsiao ◽  
Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease

Dengue has been recognized as one of the most important vector-borne emerging infectious diseases globally. Though dengue normally causes a self-limiting infection, some patients may develop a life-threatening illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The reason why DHF/DSS occurs in certain individuals is unclear. Studies in the endemic regions suggest that the preexisting antibodies are a risk factor for DHF/DSS. Viremia and thrombocytopenia are the key clinical features of dengue virus infection in patients. The amounts of virus circulating in patients are highly correlated with severe dengue disease, DHF/DSS. Also, the disturbance, mainly a transient depression, of hematological cells is a critical clinical finding in acute dengue patients. However, the cells responsible for the dengue viremia are unresolved in spite of the intensive efforts been made. Dengue virus appears to replicate and proliferate in many adapted cell lines, but these in vitro properties are extremely difficult to be reproduced in primary cells or in vivo. This paper summarizes reports on the permissive cells in vitro and in vivo and suggests a hematological cell lineage for dengue virus infection in vivo, with the hope that a new focus will shed light on further understanding of the complexities of dengue disease.

scholarly journals Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Joanna G. Katzman ◽  
Laura E. Tomedi ◽  
Karla Thornton ◽  
Paige Menking ◽  
Michael Stanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
General Education ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Project Echo

Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) at the University of New Mexico is a telementoring program that uses videoconferencing technology to connect health care providers in underserved communities with subject matter experts. In March 2020, Project ECHO created 10 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) telementoring programs to meet the public health needs of clinicians and teachers living in underserved rural and urban regions of New Mexico. The newly created COVID-19 programs include 7 weekly sessions (Community Health Worker [in English and Spanish], Critical Care, Education, First-Responder Resiliency, Infectious Disease Office Hours, and Multi-specialty) and 3 one-day special sessions. We calculated the total number of attendees, along with the range and standard deviation, per session by program. Certain programs (Critical Care, Infectious Disease Office Hours, Multi-specialty) recorded the profession of attendees when available. The Project ECHO research team collected COVID-19 infection data by county from March 11 through May 31, 2020. During that same period, 9765 health care and general education professionals participated in the COVID-19 programs, and participants from 31 of 35 (89%) counties in New Mexico attended the sessions. Our initial evaluation of these programs demonstrates that an interprofessional clinician group and teachers used the Project ECHO network to build a community of practice and social network while meeting their educational and professional needs. Because of Project ECHO’s large reach, the results of the New Mexico COVID-19 response suggest that the rapid use of ECHO telementoring could be used for other urgent national public health problems.

Case Report: Transmission of Dengue Virus from a Deceased Donor to a Kidney Transplant Recipient Previously Infected by Dengue Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Lecadieu ◽  
Laura Teysseyre ◽  
Kevin Larsen ◽  
Charles Vidal ◽  
Margot Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipient ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Réunion Island

Since 2018, a dengue epidemic has been ongoing in the French overseas department of Reunion Island, in the Indian Ocean, with more than 25,000 serologically confirmed cases. Currently, three dengue serotypes have been identified in Réunion Island (DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3) progressing in the form of epidemic outbreaks. This arbovirus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and may be responsible for serious clinical forms. To date, very few cases of kidney transplant–related dengue virus infection have been described. Here we report the first case of severe dengue virus infection related to kidney transplantation from a patient previously infected with dengue. Testing for dengue fever with PCR search in donor’s urine may help complete the pretransplant assessment in areas where this disease occurs.

scholarly journals Imunocompetent Mice Model for Dengue Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Gonçalves ◽  
Rafael de Queiroz Prado ◽  
Eric Almeida Xavier ◽  
Natália Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Marcos da Matta Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Dengue fever is a noncontagious infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). DENV belongs to the familyFlaviviridae, genusFlavivirus, and is classified into four antigenically distinct serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The number of nations and people affected has increased steadily and today is considered the most widely spread arbovirus (arthropod-borne viral disease) in the world. The absence of an appropriate animal model for studying the disease has hindered the understanding of dengue pathogenesis. In our study, we have found that immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice infected intraperitoneally with DENV-1 presented some signs of dengue disease such as thrombocytopenia, spleen hemorrhage, liver damage, and increase in production of IFNγand TNFαcytokines. Moreover, the animals became viremic and the virus was detected in several organs by real-time RT-PCR. Thus, this animal model could be used to study mechanism of dengue virus infection, to test antiviral drugs, as well as to evaluate candidate vaccines.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of dengue virus infection among adults during the ending phase of a severe dengue epidemic in southern Taiwan, 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Chien ◽  
Hsiang-Min Huang ◽  
Tzu-Chuan Ho ◽  
Fan-Chen Tseng ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Dengue Epidemic

scholarly journals Roles for Endothelial Cells in Dengue Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine A. Dalrymple ◽  
Erich R. Mackow
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Barrier Functions ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Primary Fluid

Dengue viruses cause two severe diseases that alter vascular fluid barrier functions, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The endothelium is the primary fluid barrier of the vasculature and ultimately the effects of dengue virus infection that cause capillary leakage impact endothelial cell (EC) barrier functions. The ability of dengue virus to infect the endothelium provides a direct means for dengue to alter capillary permeability, permit virus replication, and induce responses that recruit immune cells to the endothelium. Recent studies focused on dengue virus infection of primary ECs have demonstrated that ECs are efficiently infected, rapidly produce viral progeny, and elicit immune enhancing cytokine responses that may contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, infected ECs have also been implicated in enhancing viremia and immunopathogenesis within murine dengue disease models. Thus dengue-infected ECs have the potential to directly contribute to immune enhancement, capillary permeability, viremia, and immune targeting of the endothelium. These effects implicate responses of the infected endothelium in dengue pathogenesis and rationalize therapeutic targeting of the endothelium and EC responses as a means of reducing the severity of dengue virus disease.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Dengue Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Bhatt ◽  
Sasidharan Pillai Sabeena ◽  
Muralidhar Varma ◽  
Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Antibody Dependent Enhancement

AbstractThe pathogenesis of dengue virus infection is attributed to complex interplay between virus, host genes and host immune response. Host factors such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), memory cross-reactive T cells, anti-DENV NS1 antibodies, autoimmunity as well as genetic factors are major determinants of disease susceptibility. NS1 protein and anti-DENV NS1 antibodies were believed to be responsible for pathogenesis of severe dengue. The cytokine response of cross-reactive CD4+ T cells might be altered by the sequential infection with different DENV serotypes, leading to further elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing a detrimental immune response. Fcγ receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) results in release of cytokines from immune cells leading to vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and increased vascular permeability. Genomic variation of dengue virus and subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) suppressing host immune response are viral determinants of disease severity. Dengue infection can lead to the generation of autoantibodies against DENV NS1antigen, DENV prM, and E proteins, which can cross-react with several self-antigens such as plasminogen, integrin, and platelet cells. Apart from viral factors, several host genetic factors and gene polymorphisms also have a role to play in pathogenesis of DENV infection. This review article highlights the various factors responsible for the pathogenesis of dengue and also highlights the recent advances in the field related to biomarkers which can be used in future for predicting severe disease outcome.

scholarly journals A Public Health Systems View of Risk Communication About Zika

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Tara Kirk Sell ◽  
Sanjana J. Ravi ◽  
Crystal Watson ◽  
Diane Meyer ◽  
Laura E. Pechta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Disease Response

Objectives The spread of Zika virus throughout Latin America and parts of the United States in 2016 and 2017 presented a challenge to public health communicators. The objective of our study was to describe emergency risk communication practices during the 2016-2017 Zika outbreak to inform future infectious disease communication efforts. Methods We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 13 public health policy makers and practitioners, 10 public information officers, and 5 vector-control officials from May through August 2017. Results Within the public health macro-environment, extended outbreak timeframe, government trust, US residence status, and economic insecurity set the backdrop for Zika communication efforts. Limited resources, staffing, and partnerships negatively affected public health structural capacity for communication efforts. Public health communicators and practitioners used a range of processes and practices to engage in education and outreach, including fieldwork, community meetings, and contact with health care providers. Overall, public health agencies’ primary goals were to prevent Zika infection, reduce transmission, and prevent adverse birth outcomes. Conclusions Lessons learned from this disease response included understanding the macro-environment, developing partnerships across agencies and the community, and valuing diverse message platforms. These lessons can be used to improve communication approaches for health officials at the local, state, and federal levels during future infectious disease outbreaks.

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