Utilization of Breed Chicken Eggshells to Make Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

Chicken eggshell waste is a potential source of CaO which can be converted into heterogeneous catalysts. The purpose of this study was to utilize CaO heterogeneous catalysts to make biodiesel from waste cooking oil through the process of transesterification. A total of 4 g of catalyst was mixed with 200 g of waste cooking oil and 60 g of methanol, stirred at a speed of 700 rpm for 6 hours at a temperature of 600C ± 40C. The results were analyzed using GC-MS to confirm the formation of various methyl ester compounds. The product was found to have a density of 855 Kg/m3., viscosity of 3.74 mm2/s (cSt), and flash point of 1350C Based on the results, it be concluded that breed chicken eggshells can be converted as catalysts heterogeneous to make biodiesel from waste cooking oil. This information is very useful for further optimization of mass catalysts heterogeneous CaO from breed chicken eggshells including the production of biodiesel.

Download Full-text

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.322 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 322-327

Author(s):

Norkamruzita Saadon ◽

Nor Ashikin Mohd Yusof ◽

Noraini Razali ◽

Marshahida Mat Yashim ◽

Amira Khairin Roslan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Catalyst Loading ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is clear liquid with a light to dark yellow color. Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels that are attractive because of its favorable characteristics such as being non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable, carbon neutral and low emission. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is a type of biodiesel. In this study, it was produced by using transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) which was reacted with methanol and heterogeneous catalyst. The two heterogeneous catalysts that were used in this study were sodium (Na) metal hydroxide supported on oil palm frond (OPF) and Na metal supported on oil palm kernel shell (OPKS). The support metal used was sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). OPF and OPKS were used as they are the major residues obtained from the oil palm plantation that covers approximately 14.72% of Malaysian’s total landmass. The parameters that in this study were the reaction temperatures of the transesterification process from 30°C to 60°C and the catalyst loading from 0.5wt% to 3wt%. The reaction time and ratio methanol to oil were kept constant which were 4 hours and 1:10 respectively. This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of two different heterogeneous catalysts on both temperature and catalyst loading on the yield production of FAME. The results were obtained by using GCMS analysis. From the experiment that was conducted, the results of FAME production by using two different catalysts indicate that the higher the reaction temperature is, the higher the production of FAME which is at 60°C. It also shows that the percentage yield of FAME increases with the increase of catalyst loading until it reaches the best value which is at 1wt%.

Download Full-text

Karakteristik Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah menggunakan Katalis Abu Gosok dengan Variasi Penambahan Metanol

CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL ◽

10.22437/chp.v3i1.5774 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yelmira Zalfiatri ◽

Fajar Restuhadi ◽

Rizky Zulhardi

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Research Method ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Flash Point ◽

Saponification Number ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Total Glycerol

Biodiesel is the reaction esterification and transesterification between oil and alcohol. Biodiesel raw materials in the form of vegetable oil, one of which is Waste Cooking Oil (WCO). This study aims to obtain the addition of the best methanol in the manufacture of biodiesel from cooking oil. The research method used Randomized Complete Design (RAL) with M1 treatment (methanol 65 ml), M2 (methanol 75 ml), M3 (methanol 85 ml) and M4 (95 ml methanol). The best result was obtained with addition of 95 ml of methanol (M4) with 0.42 mg KOH / g, total glycerol 0,08%, flash point 227 ° C, saponification number 123,46 mg KOH / g and methyl ester 99 , 4%.

Download Full-text

Novel approaches for the production of bio-diesel using waste vegetable oil

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2014.10.0018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. 3419

Author(s):

Mohan Reddy Nalabolu* ◽

Varaprasad Bobbarala ◽

Mahesh Kandula

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Acid Value ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Flash Point ◽

Carbon Residue ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Present Moment ◽

Total Acid ◽

Cooking Oil

At the present moment worldwide waning fossil fuel resources as well as the tendency for developing new renewable biofuels have shifted the interest of the society towards finding novel alternative fuel sources. Biofuels have been put forward as one of a range of alternatives with lower emissions and a higher degree of fuel security and gives potential opportunities for rural and regional communities. Biodiesel has a great potential as an alternative diesel fuel. In this work, biodiesel was prepared from waste cooking oil it was converted into biodiesel through single step transesterification. Methanol with Potassium hydroxide as a catalyst was used for the transesterification process. The biodiesel was characterized by its fuel properties including acid value, cloud and pour points, water content, sediments, oxidation stability, carbon residue, flash point, kinematic viscosity, density according to IS: 15607-05 standards. The viscosity of the waste cooking oil biodiesel was found to be 4.05 mm2/sec at 400C. Flash point was found to be 1280C, water and sediment was 236mg/kg, 0 % respectively, carbon residue was 0.017%, total acid value was 0.2 mgKOH/g, cloud point was 40C and pour point was 120C. The results showed that one step transesterification was better and resulted in higher yield and better fuel properties. The research demonstrated that biodiesel obtained under optimum conditions from waste cooking oil was of good quality and could be used as a diesel fuel.

Download Full-text

Identification of Methyl Ester Content from Waste Cooking Oil Using Gas Chromatographic Method

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.297 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 660 ◽

pp. 297-300

Author(s):

Nor Hazwani Abdullah ◽

Sulaiman Hassan

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Ionization Detector ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Ester Content ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Acid Methyl

Waste cooking oil has always been an environment problem in food factories and one method of effect disposing this oil without effecting the environment is to convert it to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using small scale pilot plant. The conversion of waste cooking oil with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst in conversional process at 22kHz speed. The reaction of time, molar ratio, speed, catalyst and amount of catalyst will be effect in FAME quality. The quality of biodiesel define is total ester content using gas chromatography. Gas chromatography analysis is a one of technique for identification and quantitation of compounds in a biodiesel sample. From biodiesel sample can identification of contaminants and fatty acid methyl ester. In this research biodiesel sample were analyses using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( Perkin Elmer GC Model Clarus 500) equipped with a DB-5 HT capillary column ( 0.53mm x 5 m) J&W Scientific. The analytic conditions for ester content were as follow by: column temperature used 2100C, temperature flame ionization detector (FID) of 2500C, pressure of 80kPa, flow carrier gas of 1ml/min, temperature injector of 2500C, split flow rate of 50ml/min, time for analysis 20 minute and volume injected of 1 μl. The ester content (C), expresses as a mass fraction in present using formula (EN 14103, 2003a) calculation. Conversion of triglyceride (TG) to FAME using conversional process obtained 96.54 % w.t with methanol to oil molar ratio 6:1, 1%w.t acid sulphuric and 1% w.t sodium hydroxide catalyst.

Download Full-text