scholarly journals Urban Sprawl: Environmental Consequence of Rapid Urban Expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Ibimilua Adewale Festus ◽  
Ibimilua Foyeke Omoboye ◽  
Ogundare Babatope Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Population Increase

Urban Sprawl is a disturbing issue to geographers, urban planners and allied professionals in the 21st century.  The anxiety is based mainly on the social, political, economic, cultural and environmental consequences of rapid urban growth.  Hence, this study examines the reasons for urbanization, as well as encroachment of urban development into the border belt.  Next, the study probes into the causes, consequences and adverse effects of uncontrolled infringement and conversion of rural land to urban uses.  Likewise, the study investigates the processes of land use development, population expansion and physical growth, as well as their ecological foot prints.  Consequently, the study identified the major causes of urban sprawl as rapid population increase, high level of urban development pressure, provision of housing, changes in living standard, as well as technological changes among others.  Also, the study found out that urban sprawl is desirable because of the benefits of spread of development, low rent at the periphery, as well as lesser pressure on the environment of the border belt.  Also, the effects of urban sprawl were recognized as destruction of the means of livelihood of the rural dwellers at the urban fringe belt, land fragmentation, food scarcity, changes in the ecosystem, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, as well as loss of wildlife habitat.  For the achievement of sustainable urban development in the 21st century and beyond, the study recommends environmental monitoring with the aid of geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques, environmental impact assessment, development control, farm land policy, regulation of land allocation, sustainable land use management, as well as enforcement of planning policies.

scholarly journals Big Science, Ethics, and the Scalar Effects of Urban Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Sandra Kopljar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
Research Facilities

The urban expansion currently under development around the two materials science facilities MAX IV and European Spallation Source in Lund, Sweden, surrounds two meticulously designed research facilities steered by global demands. The new urban area, together with the research facilities dedicated to science and the development of knowledge, expands the city of Lund onto high-quality agricultural land. In doing so, the municipal planning is attempting to align contemporary ideas of sustainable urban development with large-scale scientific infrastructure. This actualizes an ethical dilemma as the urban expansion onto productive agricultural land overrides previous decisions taken by the municipality regarding land use. It can also be understood as going against national land use policy which states that development on productive agricultural land should be avoided. As the planning stands today, the research facilities heavily push local urban development into the area while the intended research outcomes primarily relate to a global research community tied to international scientific demands for materials science. Although the Brunnshög area is realized through a neutralizing planning strategy, thought to balance and compensate for the development on farmland, the effects of the counterbalancing acts are primarily played out at a local urban level in terms of diverse, exciting, and locally sustainable neighbourhoods. The land use protection policies meant to secure national food production rather operates on a national scale. The argument made in this text is that sustainable development, and the intended balancing acts it involves, ought to be carefully considered in terms of scalar effects. Sustainable planning<em> </em>effects’ <em>scalar extent</em> should be taken into account through careful assessment of the step between good intentions and expected outcomes.

scholarly journals Recording Urban Land Dynamic and Its Effects during 2000–2019 at 15-m Resolution by Cloud Computing with Landsat Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2451
Author(s):  
Yulin Dong ◽  
Zhibin Ren ◽  
Yao Fu ◽  
Zhenghong Miao ◽  
Ran Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Land Types

Cities, the core of the global climate change and economic development, are high impact land cover land use change (LCLUC) hotspots. Comprehensive records of land cover land use dynamics in urban regions are essential for strategic climate change adaption and mitigation and sustainable urban development. This study aims to develop a Google Earth Engine (GEE) application for high-resolution (15-m) urban LCLUC mapping with a novel classification scheme using pan-sharpened Landsat images. With this approach, we quantified the annual LCLUC in Changchun, China, from 2000 to 2019, and detected the abrupt changes (turning points of LCLUC). Ancillary data on social-economic status were used to provide insights on potential drivers of LCLUC by examining their correlation with change rate. We also examined the impacts of LCLUC on environment, specifically air pollution. Using this approach, we can classify annual LCLUC in Changchun with high accuracy (all above 0.91). The change detection based on the high-resolution wall-to-wall maps show intensive urban expansion with the compromise of cropland from 2000 to 2019. We also found the growth of green space in urban regions as the result of green space development and management in recent years. The changing rate of different land types were the largest in the early years of the observation period. Turning points of land types were primarily observed in 2009 and 2010. Further analysis showed that economic and industry development and population migration collectively drove the urban expansion in Changchun. Increasing built-up areas could slow wind velocity and air exchange, and ultimately led to the accumulation of PM2.5. Our implement of pan-sharpened Landsat images facilitates the wall-to-wall mapping of temporal land dynamics at high spatial resolution. The primary use of GEE for mapping urban land makes it replicable and transferable by other users. This approach is a first crucial step towards understanding the drivers of change and supporting better decision-making for sustainable urban development and climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Linking Urban Sprawl and Surface Urban Heat Island in the Teresina–Timon Conurbation Area in Brazil

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Eduilson Carneiro ◽  
Wilza Lopes ◽  
Giovana Espindola
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index

Negative consequences of urban growing disparities usually lead to impressive levels of segregation, marginalization, and injustices, particularly in the context of climate change. Understanding the relations between urban expansion and social vulnerability has become extremely necessary for municipality management and sustainable urban development. Although the study of urbanization in Latin America (LA) has been well discussed, little attention has been given to how the population is affected by urban expansion-oriented movement after the 2008 economic crisis. Massive investments in infrastructure displaced the population to peripheral zones without adequate urban planning, which reflected in alteration in land use and land cover (LULC), followed by environmental impacts and public health issues caused by thermal discomfort, notably in semiarid regions. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of urban sprawl on the Teresina–Timon conurbation (TTC) area’s local population, located in Brazil’s northeast. Descriptive metrics (Moran’s I statistic and social vulnerability index) and orbital products derived from remote sensing—LULC and Land surface temperature (LST) maps—were applied. The results indicated that the housing program ‘My House My Life’ (PMCMV) had increased the values of land consumption per capita since 2009 significantly, showing a clear expanding trend. The gradual replacement of green areas by residential settlements resulted in an increased LST. The PMCMV program contributed substantially to a change in land use and land cover, which increased the extent of urbanized areas and changed the local microclimate.

scholarly journals Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Ahmed Alhuseen ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

scholarly journals Current and Future Land Use Characters of a National Central City in Eco-Fragile Region—A Case Study in Xi’an City Based on FLUS Model

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Dingrao Feng ◽  
Wenkai Bao ◽  
Meichen Fu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yiyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Land Use Dynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Xi’An City

Land use change plays a key role in terrestrial systems and drives the process of ecological pattern change. It is important to investigate the process of land use change, predict land use patterns, and reveal the characteristics of land use dynamics. In this study, we adopted the Markov model and future land use (FLUS) model to predict the future land use conditions in Xi’an city. Furthermore, we investigated the characteristics of land use change from a novel perspective, i.e., via establishment of a complex network model. This model captured the characteristics of the land use system during different periods. The results indicated that urban expansion and cropland loss played an important role in land use pattern change. The future gravity center of urban development moved along the opposite direction to that from 2000 to 2015 in Xi’an city. Although the rate of urban expansion declined in the future, urban expansion remained the primary driver of land use change. The primary urban development directions were east-southeast (ENE), north-northeast (NNE) and west-southwest (WSW) from 1990 to 2000, 2000 to 2015, and 2015 to 2030, respectively. In fact, cropland played a vital role in land use dynamics regarding all land use types, and the stability of the land use system decreased in the future. Our study provides future land use patterns and a novel perspective to better understand land use change.

Transportation-oriented spatial allocation of land use development: a simulation-based optimization method

SIMULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 583-591
Author(s):  
Hongzhi Lin ◽  
Yongping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Total System ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Land Use Development

Urban development usually deteriorates the transportation system. For sustainable urban development, policymakers often face the challenging problem of how to optimally allocate overall land use quotas across a number of residential locations according to the performance of the transportation system. This is a kind of Stackelberg competition, where policymakers make land use decisions and travelers make behavioral responses. A novel bi-level model is formulated to solve this problem. The upper-level model minimizes the total system travel time by land use allocation, while at the lower level are sequential models with feedback for transportation system equilibrium. The Dirichlet allocation algorithm, a simulation-based heuristic algorithm, is designed to solve this bi-level model. A simulation experiment using the Nguyen–Dupuis network is then used to verify the proposed model and algorithm. The results from the simulation experiment demonstrate that not only are the model and algorithm operational but that they also provide an effective tool for policymakers to plan for land use development.

scholarly journals Designing a Transit Oriented Development with a Trackless Tram System—Case Study Bulawayo

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p117
Author(s):  
Vinnet Ndlovu ◽  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Land Development ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
Two Phases

The need for a mid-tier transit system and the opportunities created by 21st century transit technologies like Trackless Trams System (TTS) has been analysed in an earlier paper to show TTS could be a leapfrog solution for the future of sustainable urban development in developing cities. This paper outlines how the TTS can be created as a part of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Informed by literature, this study identified four factors that are important for enabling transition towards TOD. Using three of these factors a framework for assessing and evaluating TOD is formulated. The study then applies the formulated framework to the potential corridors that could potentially enable a transition towards a successful TOD for Bulawayo and enable the TTS to be delivered in a partnership with urban land development. The findings do reveal that most of the station precincts that are closer to the CBD have a higher potential to enable transition to TOD. This could suggest that the TTS could be implemented in two phases, the first phase covering the high impact station precincts.

URBAN PLANNING WITH THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Elvira Gromilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Environmental Goals

The problem of urban planning in the context of globalization and the intensification of urban growth is considered in the context of sustainable development. Under UN-Habitat regulations, urban development must be in line with five principles: compactness, high density, mixed use, variety, limited land-use specialization. Compact urban development is a model for sustainable urban development, based on the synergy of three main dimensions: social, economic and environmental. In contrast to the approach to territorial zoning, the compact city model pays attention not only to the development of mixed land use, but also to social needs in places of employment, leisure, recreation, as well as the need for economic resources. In order to identify strategies for designing a sustainable architectural and planning structure, theoretical approaches to the practice of urban planning are investigated. Implementation of the provisions of UN-Habitat is aimed at reducing energy consumption and harmful emissions, preserving biodiversity, reducing the cost of infrastructure and increasing labor productivity, which helps to achieve a balance of social, economic and environmental goals of sustainable development.

Monitoring Urban Sprawl and Sustainable Urban Development Using the Moran Index

2018 ◽  
pp. 561-581
Author(s):  
Walter Musakwa ◽  
Adriaan van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Spatial Weight ◽  
Cold Spots ◽  
Local Moran

The management of urban sprawl is fundamental to achieving sustainable urban development. Monitoring urban sprawl is, however, challenging. This study proposes the use of two spatial statistics, namely global Moran and local Moran to indentify statistically significant urban sprawl hot and cold spots. The findings reveal that the Moran indexes are sensitive to the distance band spatial weight matrices employed and that multiple bands should be used when these indexes are used. The authors demonstrate how the indexes can be used in combination with various visualisation methods to support planning decisions.

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