scholarly journals Application of imprint cytology in assessment of immunological effects of isolated and combined action of selenium and copper nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1502-1507
Author(s):  
Renata R. Sakhautdinova ◽  
Iuliia V. Riabova ◽  
Vladimir G. Panov ◽  
Ilzira A. Minigalieva ◽  
Marina P. Sutunkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Imprint Cytology ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Cellular Element ◽  
Immunological Effects

Introduction. Touch Imprint Cytology as the method of impression cytology of smears-prints is of great diagnostic value not only in clinical practice but is also of interest as an express method for assessing the immunological effects of the influence of metal-containing nanoparticles on the tissues of laboratory animals in an experiment. Materials and methods. The study involved the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of outbred male rats (24 individuals), with an initial weight of 220-230 g, after subchronic intoxication, which was caused by repeated intraperitoneal injections of metal-containing nanoparticles of selenium (SeO) and copper (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg and their combination three times a week (a total of 18 injections). After sacrificing the rats by decapitation, the spleen and MLN were removed from the animals from each group; made smears were dried at room temperature. Stained according to Leishman. Cell composition and cytological signs were assessed in a light binocular microscope by Carl Zeiss Primo Star with a USCMOS video imaging system at a magnification of 100x and 1000x under cytological criteria. Cell counting in the analysis of spleen and MLN preparations was carried out in percentage - 100 cells from each smear (48 studies), as well as calculating the number of cellular elements per 1 mm2 of the smear surface area, by calculating the absolute amount of each cellular element in the microscope field of view of 0.03 mm2, followed by recalculation per 1 mm2 (the number of studies is 48). Differences between the mean group quantitative results were processed using Student’s criteria using Excel software. Differences between mean values were considered statistically significant if the probability of a random difference did not exceed 5% (p < 0.05). Results. The main results obtained in the study of cytomorphological parameters of smears - spleen prints and MLN of rats after exposure to SeO and CuO NPs, both independently and their combination using two methods for calculating the cellular composition of preparations, are presented. The main changes in the cellular composition during immunological effects are highlighted. Inflammatory reactions of the hyperergic type were revealed when exposed to selenium nanoparticles, both in autonomous action and in combination with copper nanoparticles. The formation of local cellular immunity was noted due to an increase in the level of plasma cells in smears imprints when exposed to copper nanoparticles. Conclusion. Using the impression method of smears-prints in conjunction with the histological examination of tissue preparations allows iimplementing complete cytomorphological parameters in studying the immunological effects of metal-containing nanoparticles.

Cytomorphological indicators of smears-prints of organs of laboratory animals as an additional method for assessing the toxic effect of heavy metal salts in the experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 860-862
Author(s):  
Renata R. Sakhautdinova ◽  
Svetlana V. Klinova ◽  
Yuliya V. Gribova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts

Introduction. It is known that the influence of lead and cadmium is a risk factor for the health of workers in the copper smelting industry. The relationship between exposure to these metals and the subsequent development of diseases of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous system of a person was revealed. The study of the effects of lead and cadmium in an experiment on some organs of laboratory animals using the cytological method of smears-prints with morphometric analysis as an Express diagnostic method expands the possibilities of studying the toxic effects of heavy metal salts in various concentrations. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on outbred male rats (24 individuals in total) with an initial weight of 220-225 g, at the age of 3.5 months. 72 cytological preparations of smears-prints of organs (liver, kidneys) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of rats were studied. The smears were painted with a ready-made Leishman paint solution. Cytological features were studied in a Carl Zeiss Primo Star light binocular microscope with a USCMOS video camera imaging system at magnification of 100x and 1000x. In liver and kidney morphometry, the count was carried out for 200 cells from each drug, MLN for 100 cells. The data of cytomorphological examination of smears-prints of the liver, kidneys and MLN after exposure to cadmium and lead salts in the experiment were obtained. The main changes in the cellular ratios in preparations with subchronic intraperitoneal intoxication are described. Conclusions. The use of the smear-fingerprint method with cytomorphological assessment of cells in the study of the toxic effects of heavy metal salts allows us to obtain additional data on the activity of the pathological process and plays a role in understanding the mechanisms of exposure in the experiment.

Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Akanji Abdullahi ◽  
Elijah Oladapo Oyinloye ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
Aderonke Adeyinka Aderinola ◽  
Luqman Opeyemi Ogunjimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objectives Several studies have established the ethnobotanical benefits of Pupalia lappacea (PL) in laboratory animals without extensive toxicological evaluation of its safety profiles. Thus, an extensive toxicological investigation of sub-chronic oral administration of the hydroethanol leaf extract of P. lappacea in rodents was carried out in this study. Methods Different groups of rats were treated orally with the extract (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg) daily for 90 consecutive days. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). After 90 days, some rats were left for additional 30 days without treatment for reversibility study. Blood and organs samples were collected for different evaluations at the end of study periods. Results The extract decreased the bodyweights, feeding and water intakes in female rats. PL increased the weights of the liver and kidney in male rats. PL increased the red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents in rats. PL (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Cyto-architectural distortions of the testes, liver and spleen were visible. Conclusions The findings showed that P. lappacea is relatively safe at lower doses but cautions should be taken at higher dose.

scholarly journals Effect of glyprolines on serum caspase levels under “social” stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Anna L. Yasenyavskaya ◽  
Alexandra A. Tsibizova ◽  
Lyudmila A. Andreeva ◽  
Nikolay F. Myasoedov ◽  
Olga A. Bashkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Effector Caspases ◽  
Adhesive Proteins

Objective. To investigate the effect of glyprolines on the levels of initiating and effector caspases in the serum of white rats under "social" stress. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 90 white male rats of 6 months of age. All manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance with international and domestic requirements for working with laboratory animals. When modeling "social" stress, groups of animals with aggressive and submissive behavior were formed. Laboratory animals, taking into account the types of behavior, were divided into groups (n=10): a group of intact males (control); a group of animals exposed to" social " stress for 20 days (stress); groups of individuals who received intraperitoneal Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro), Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu at doses of 100 mcg/kg / day from the 1st day of stress exposure within a 20- day course. The effect of neuropeptides on the activity of apoptosis processes was evaluated by determining the level of initiating and effector caspases (caspase-8 and caspase-3) (ELISA Kit for Caspase-8 and ELISA Kit for Caspase-3; USA) in the blood serum of white rats by enzyme immunoassay. Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that under conditions of "social" stress, an increase in apoptotic processes was observed, accompanied by an increase in the level of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in the blood serum of white rats. The introduction of the studied compounds against the background of stress contributed to a decrease in the level of the studied indicators, which is most likely due to the presence of antiapoptotic action in glyprolins due to inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions, as a result of which the destruction of cellular structures occurs by hydrolysis of nuclear lamina, cleavage of adhesive proteins, destruction of the cytoskeleton. Conclusion. Thus, the conducted study established the presence of Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu under conditions of stress-induced antiapoptotic activity due to inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions.

scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL INTOXICATION WITH CYPERMETHRIN

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
E. A. Chigrinsky ◽  
V. D. Konvay ◽  
Yu. N. Fedorov ◽  
L. K. Gerunova ◽  
V. I. Gerunov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Intoxication ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Morphological Criteria

The research objective was to evaluate the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands in laboratory animals in conditions of acute and chronic intoxication with cypermethrin. Studies were performed on 140 male rats of the Wistar line. To simulate an acute intoxication cypermethrin was single injected into the stomach in a dose of half of LD50 followed by observation of the animals for 30 days. In the study of chronic intoxication cypermethrin was administered to rats in a dose of 1/100 of LD50. The experiment has lasted for 120 days.At the initial stage of the experiment the acute intoxication of rats with cypermethrin caused hyper- and then hyposecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The content of progesterone in the blood serum and adrenal tissue decreased in animals. During the first three days after the poisoning there was an increase in the concentration of corticosterone in the blood serum. To the end of the 7th day the concentration of this hormone in adrenal tissue decreased sharply and did not reach the control background after a month. Chronic intoxication with cypermethrin caused hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone for two months with the subsequent normalization of its level in the blood. The disturbance of progesterone synthesis in the adrenal glands during chronic intoxication is indicated by fluctuation of its concentration in blood 30 days after the start of the experiment. There was found high level of corticosterone in blood and adrenal glands for two months, and then it decreased to a control level. Morphological criteria for amplification and then suppression of adrenal function are the dimension of endocrine cells and their nuclei, the intensity of cell vacuolation suggesting the degree of lipids accumulation, and the severity of blood filling in the vessels of the beam and reticular zones.

scholarly journals Comparison of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets for obtaining an experimental model of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
T. S. Petryn ◽  
◽  
M. R. Nagalievska ◽  
N. O. Sybirna ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Given the wide geographical distribution and growing number of people suffering from this disease, there is an urgent need in developing animal models that would accurately reproduce the development of all symptoms of human metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension). The most cost-effective method related to the real causes of metabolic syndrome is the use of different types of diets. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on white outbred male rats about 6 months old and weighing 300–400 g. The metabolic syndrome was induced by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets. The lipid-enriched diet involved the consumption of regular chow diet for laboratory animals with additional fat content (40 % by weight of chow). The source of additional lipids was olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Animals on the diet enriched in carbohydrates together with regular chow diet for laboratory animals consumed 10 % fructose solution instead of drinking water. Glucose tolerance tests were conducted and areas under the glycemic curves were calculated. We determined the content of glycated hemoglobin and glucose concent­ration, the concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood plasma of rats. Results. The development of metabolic syndrome induced by an excessive consumption of carbohydrates and lipids for 42 days was accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance, increased glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, as well as a decreased HDL content. An increase in the concentrations of LDL and activity of paraoxonase were found due to the induction of the pathological condition by an excessive fat intake, while a high carbohydrate diet caused a decrease in paraoxonase activity. Conclusions. The use of fructose for 42 days causes the most pronounced manifestations of the studied pathology. The use of this model will allow determining the biochemical and molecular changes that accompany the development of this pathological condition. It will also facilitate the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Assessment of efficiency of complex treatment of soft tissue wounds by means of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosolvate in experiment

10.12737/4115 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Глухов ◽  
A. Glukhov ◽  
Мохова ◽  
Olesya Mokhova ◽  
Микулич ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
White Mongrel

Purpose of the study is to assess the efficiency use of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosol-vate in the treatment of soft tissue wounds. The study was carried out on 72 white mongrel male rats weighing 210 ± 10 g with simulated aseptic wounds. The sampling was carried out for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days from the beginning of the experiment. To assess the course of wound process in the clinical study, planimetric and histological methods were applied. The comparison of obtained results has allowed to reveal the high efficacy of combined use of oxytocin and glycerosolvate titanium. On the basis of clinical and planimetric methods of investigation it was established that reduction of the area of the wound is significantly faster in animals treated with the use of oxytocin and glycerosolvate titanium. This treatment has a stimulating effect on the activity of connective tissue - accelerates the appearance and maturation of granulation tissue, occur earlier replacement of a number of inflammatory cells into cells, which provide proliferation; earlier appearance of collagen fibers and the prevalence among them horizontally. The use of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosolvate in laboratory animals with aseptic wounds influences positively on the dynamic of wounded process, allows to accelerate the appearance of granulation tissue and epithelialization.

Genotoxicity Evaluation in Severe or Mild Diabetic Pregnancy in Laboratory Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (05) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Lima ◽  
Y. Sinzato ◽  
R. Gelaleti ◽  
I.M. Calderon ◽  
M.V. Rudge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Mild Diabetes

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity (DNA damage levels) in lymphocyte samples from pregnant Wistar rats with severe or mild diabetes and in whole blood samples from their newborns. Wistar female rats (1 and 90 days of age) and male rats (approximately 90 days of age) were used. The experiment consisted of 2 experimental groups (n=8 animals/group): 1) rats with severe diabetes, 2) rats with mild diabetes. For mild diabetes induction, the rats received streptozotocin (STZ) subcutaneously (100 mg/kg body weight) at day of birth, and those showing glycemia from 120 to 300 mg/dL in their adult life were included. For induction of severe diabetes, adult rats received 40 mg/kg STZ (intravenous route), and those showing glycemia > 300 mg/dL were included. At day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized for removal of maternal and fetal blood samples for determination of the oxidative DNA damage by applying Endo III and Fpg using the comet assay. Thus, the rats with mild diabetes and their offspring showed higher Fpg-sensitive sites, reflecting the damage resulting from hyperglycemia. The rats with severe diabetes and their offspring showed higher oxidative DNA damage detected by Fpg and Endo III-sensitive sites, showing general repercussions related to diabetes. The enzymatic treatment for DNA damage evidenced that the maternal repercussions of diabetes are associated with oxidative DNA damage of their newborn, which was not reflected using only the analysis of DNA damage free of the enzymes.

scholarly journals Effect of alcohol tincture of Aralia elata on the organism of rats and their gut microbiota against the background of excessive fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Brygadyrenko ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
M. V. Bilan ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
A. V. Horchanok
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Aralia Elata

Pharmacological effects of the medicinal plant Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. 1868 (Araliaceae) are related to presence of over 150 secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, sterols, polysaccharides, terpenoid saponins and terpenoid acids, though the main biologically active substances of A. elata are saponins and flavonoids. Some clinical tests and experimental studies have proved the influence of A. elata on the organism through increase in physical work capacity, exerting an anti-stress effect against a broad range of harmful factors, including stress from cold, immobilization, ultraviolet radiation and low pressure. The literature also reports the anti-ulcer, anti-secretory, antifungal, anti-tumour, and antimicrobial activity of preparations from this plant. In our laboratory experiment, we determined that ethanolic tincture of A. elata has no effect on the intensity of growth of body weight of young rats against the background of excessive content of fat in their diet. Excessive fat-feeding of male rats leads mostly to disorders in the functioning of the liver and development of steatosis. This was accompanied by reduction in relative mass of the liver, increase in activity of hepatic enzymes, dysproteinemia, increase in the level of bilirubin and decrease in the level of urea. Additional use of 0.1% ethanol led to impaired functioning of the kidneys, reduction of their relative mass, signs of dehydration, increase in the level of creatinine and total calcium in the blood. Use of ethanolic tincture of A. elata mitigates negative excess of fat, is accompanied by normalization of indices of mass of the organs, less notable dysproteinemia, impairment in the level of creatinine, glucose, urea, cholesterol, bilirubin and total calcium. Ethanolic tincture of A. elata has a low immunosuppressive action, against the background of a high fat diet it leads to increase in the amount of typical Escherichia сoli, decrease in Еnterococcus spp. and Enterobacter spp., significant decrease and in high concentrations (0.1% ethanolic tincture of A. elata) elimination of bacteria of Clostridium and Klebsiella genera, and also various yeast fungi in the intestine. In the examined male rats, against the background of excess of fat in the diet, no serious changes in the composition of the normal gut microbiota (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp.) was observed, nor were any lactose-negative enterobacteria (Citrobacter genus) found. Perspectives of further research include determining histological, histochemical and immune-histological changes in the organs of laboratory animals under the effect of ethanolic tincture of A. elata following excessive accumulation of fat.

scholarly journals Megapixel camera arrays for high-resolution animal tracking in multiwell plates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Barlow ◽  
Luigi Feriani ◽  
Eleni Minga ◽  
Adam McDermott-Rouse ◽  
Thomas O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Light Stimulation ◽  
Animal Tracking ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
New Class ◽  
Screening Experiments ◽  
Camera Arrays ◽  
Multiwell Plates

Tracking small laboratory animals such as flies, fish, and worms is used for phenotyping in neuroscience, genetics, disease modelling, and drug discovery. Current imaging systems are limited either in spatial resolution or throughput. A system capable of imaging a large number of animals with sufficient resolution to estimate their pose would enable a new class of experiments where detailed behavioural differences are quantified but at a scale where hundreds of treatments can be tested simultaneously. Here we report a new imaging system consisting of an array of six 12-megapixel cameras that can simultaneously record from all the wells of a 96-well plate with a resolution of 80 pixels/mm at 25 frames per second. We show that this resolution is sufficient to estimate the pose of nematode worms including head identification and to extract high-dimensional phenotypic fingerprints. We illustrate the potential application of the system in three domains with a study of behavioural variability across wild isolates, experiments on the escape response and sensitisation of worms to repeated blue light stimulation, and the utility of this stimulus for phenotyping disease models. Because the system is compatible with standard multiwell plates, it makes computational ethological approaches accessible in existing high-throughput pipelines and greatly increases the scale of possible phenotypic screening experiments in C. elegans.

scholarly journals Combined effect of glyphosphate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz ◽  
P. M. Gavrilin ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
The Impact

Herbicides and food additives are included in many food products for humans. Non-used products or products beyond their expiry date are deposited in places of utilizatioin of solid municipal wastes, where they can take effects on the organisms of mouse-like rodents. Among the herbicides, glyphosphate takes first place in the world for volume of production, and is the most intensely used in agricultural farming. The discussion about negative impact on the organisms of mammals, especially against the background of using various substances and environmental factors, continues. In this study, we determined the combined effect of glyphosphate and food additives on the organism of laboratory animals, which manifested in changes in body weight, condition and indices of mass of the internal organs and blood parameters. Four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which over 42 days received: unlimited access to clean water; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosphate and 1% solution sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosphate with 1% solution of saccharin. Glyphosphate and glyphosphate with sodium benzoate and saccharin significantly reduced the daily increases in body weight of animals compared to the control group. The studied substances have notable suppressive effect on the immune system and haematopoiesis in general, which is manifested in reduce of relative mass of the thymus and spleen against the background of increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The inhibition of haematopoiesis is indicated by decrease in the amount of erythrocytes, neurophils and hemoglobin of blood of animals from the experimental groups. The impact on the digestive system of glyphosphate and food additives is indicated by occurance of the effect of “irritation” of mucous membranes, and, as a result, disorders in absorption followed by the disorder in metabolic processes. A dysbalance occurs in enzymic systems of the organism, which is manifested in distrophic processes, especially in the liver parenchyma, indicated by the activity of blood enzymes (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), total number and ratio of proteins of blood plasma. We determined the impact of glyphosphate and its mixes with benzoate and saccharin on the pancreas, which manifests in severe pancreatitis with steep increase in the level of glucose of blood. The results of the study allow us to state that mixture of glyphosphate and food additives can cause toxic effect in animals and humans, which often contact with herbicides.

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