scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction as a new concept of early prevention of diseases of the cardiorespiratory system in workers of dust occupations

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Elena A. Denisova ◽  
Oksana P. Rushkevich ◽  
Olga I. Nenenko
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Pathology

Introduction. The development of ferruginous quartzites of the Kursk magnetic anomaly basin is accompanied by the release of dust, which affects miners. Identification of markers of preclinical pathology of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) is relevant. Objective is to identify markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) (endothelin-1 (ET-1), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), changes in the elastic properties of blood vessels) at the preclinical stage of the development of pathology of the cardiovascular system and pathology of the respiratory organs in workers of dust occupations with different experience. Material and methods: Medical documentation (812 persons, the period from 2008 to 2015), systematized and statistically processed. ET-1 and BNP were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The central hemodynamics was studied by the method of volumetric compression oscillometry. Results. A significant correlation was established between the prevalence of diseases of the cardiovascular system (CCC), work experience in harmful conditions, and the peculiarities of the production process, r = 0.36-0.44; r = 0.48-0.64; the development of respiratory pathology with the production process and experience, r = 0.52-0.61, r = 0.41-0.47. The structure of morbidity is mainly formed by respiratory diseases - from 5.7 % to 40%; the third rank place (7.8-10.0%) is occupied by CCC diseases. A number of the examined patients have combined cardiorespiratory pathology (CRP) - 42.4%. The changes are more typical for highly trained workers. The study revealed: an increase in the pulse wave velocity (p = 0.037); linear blood flow velocity (p = 0.029), a decrease in arterial compliance (p = 0.031) with an increase in peripheral vascular resistance (p = 0.031), signs of ED (increase in ET-1, BNP). Discussion. Changes in ET-1, BNP, elastic-elastic properties of the main vessels more often developed in highly trained workers. They manifested by the development of ED, occurring as an unfavourable factor in the early appearance and progression of bronchial obstruction followed by the formation of a chronic pulmonary heart, remodelling of the main vessels. Conclusion. The study of ED is an urgent problem for studying with the subsequent optimization of therapeutic and preventive measures at mining enterprises.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS DISEASES IN SMELTERS DEALING WITH TITANIUM ALLOYS UNDER COMBINED EXPOSURE TO FINE-DISPERSE DUST AND CHLORINE COMPOUNDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Elena M. Vlasova ◽  
O. Yu. Ustinova ◽  
A. E. Nosov ◽  
S. Yu. Zagorodnov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Pathology

Introduction. Harmful working conditions, specific for titanium production enterprises, pose a potential risk to the workers health, and, primarily, concerning the development of respiratory pathology. Material and methods. The observation group consisted of 111 smelters of titanium alloys; the average age is 35.9 ± 2.7 years; the average term of service is 11.4 ± 6.3 years. The comparison group included 47 representatives of the enterprise administrative apparatus of the same age (37.4 ± 1.5, p> 0.05), having an average work experience of 12.8 ± 2.3 years (p> 0.05). The analysis of medical documentation, working conditions, a comprehensive survey of workers, static processing of the results was carried out. Results. Working conditions at workplaces for smelters are classified as “harmful”, the degree of harmfulness acconted of 3-4 (the class of working conditions 3.3 - 3.4). In the structure of the overall morbidity of the examined observation group, respiratory pathology ranked first and was characterized by a high degree of production causality (RR = 2.90; 95% CI = 1.81-4.64; EF = 65.49%). According to the ECHO-DKG data, 10.8% of titanium alloy smelters with 12.3 ± 3.5 years of experience had thickening of the interventricular septum, increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and the presence of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Discussion. Smelters have chronic catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in the first year of operation; the activity of the pathological process increases significantly with the experience of 10 years and is accompanied by the predominance of the hyperplastic nature of inflammation with an increase in work experience of more than 10 years. Subsequently, the lower parts of respiratory tract are involved in the process. With an experience of 12.3 ± 3.5 years, reversible violations of the bronchial patency become persistent irreversible, which is accompanied by the development of basal emphysema of the lungs and morphological restructuring of the right heart. Conclusion. Because of combined long-term exposure to dust, a fine fraction and compounds of chlorine and chlorine vapor, causes the damage of the airways at all levels of the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness in symptomatic smokers with normal lung function

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 00037-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Scichilone ◽  
Antonino Tuttolomondo ◽  
Carlo Maida ◽  
Alida Benfante ◽  
Jessica Peluso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction index are validated surrogate cardiovascular markers and are increased in subjects with COPD.We tested whether increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction occur in symptomatic smokers with no evidence of bronchial obstruction. Clinical and lung functional assessments were conducted in smoker subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and in COPD patients. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic augmentation index (AIx) and reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) were measured to estimate the cardiovascular risk.48 smokers (male n=37, female n=11; mean age 70±8.4 years) were studied. Smokers with respiratory symptoms without bronchial obstruction (n=13) did not differ from COPD patients (n=35) in terms of mean±sd PWV (12±3.2 m·s−1versus 14±3.8 m·s−1; p=0.10), aortic AIx (25.2±11.8% versus 24.8±9.7%, p=0.89) and RHI (1.66±1.49 versus 1.62±1.43; p=0.79).The current investigation shows that the cardiovascular risk occurs in smokers with respiratory symptoms in the absence of bronchial obstruction. These findings need to be confirmed in larger populations in order to inform the design of intensive preventive programmes.

scholarly journals Markers of endothelial dysfunction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Vasina ◽  
N. N. Petrishchev ◽  
T. D. Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity

Endothelial dysfunction is considered as a universal non-specific link in the pathogenesis of many diseases, primarily the cardiovascular system. This review is devoted to the discussion of the main functions of the endothelium and mechanisms for their implementation. One of the most striking features of endothelial cells is their morphological heterogeneity, which allows us to identify several typical forms of endothelial dysfunction (vasomotor, hemostatic, adhesion and angiogenous). Also, the review presents the most promising predictors of cardiovascular diseases and their complications among endothelial damage markers.

MENTAL PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Kapustina ◽  
◽  
H.T. Oniani
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Functional Changes

Abstract. Introduction. In labor physiology from the position of the theory of functional systems there is a need to assess mental work capacity. The isolation of separate subsystems of labor tension, physiological state allows to develop a complex of measures for the prevention of health disorders. Purpose of the study – scientific substantiation of a systematic approach to the assessment of mental performance based on the study of psychophysiological features of the body of workers under the influence of neuro-emotional loads. Materials and methods. The studies included occupational analysis of work activity, physiological characteristics of CNS and cardiovascular system, and psychological studies with retrospective data analysis (40 professional groups of workers aged 43.80±2.91 years with 17.69±2.19 years of work experience). Statistical processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Results. At a high degree of labor tension (class 3.3), the formation of an unfavorable physiological state, characterized by an increase in the index of functional changes, high levels of anxiety, an increase in the number of intra- and inter-system correlations in the cardiovascular system and CNS is established according to the materials of production studies Conclusion. System analysis, based on the results of physiological studies, allowed to determine the features of the formation of mental work capacity under different classes of working conditions with the allocation of independent subsystems - neuro-emotional tension of labor processes, physiological state, preventive measures.

scholarly journals The Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implication for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxiang Ma ◽  
Zhexi Zhang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Haoran Su ◽  
Xiaoyan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Reaction Characteristics

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in cardiovascular homeostasis and its abnormal delivery is highly associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The assessment and manipulation of NO delivery is crucial to the diagnosis and therapy of CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic progression, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiovascular manifestations of Coronavirus (COVID-19). However, due to the low concentration and fast reaction characteristics of NO in cardiovascular system, the clinical applications centered on the NO delivery are challenging. In this tutorial review, we first summarized the methods to estimate the in vivo NO delivery process based on the clinical images and mathematical modeling to assess the endothelial function and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. Then, the emerging bioimaging technologies that have the potential to directly measure the arterial NO concentration were discussed, including the Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical sensor. Aside from the diagnostic methods, therapies aimed at controlling NO delivery to regulate CVD were reviewed, including the inhaled NO therapy to treat the pulmonary hypertension and COVID-19, stem cell therapy and NO-releasing platform to treat endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The Physiological Assessment of Accompanying Changes in Hemodynamics in Persons with Visual Disorders at the Beginning of the Physical Therapy Program in Sanatorium

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Tonkopey ◽  
◽  
O. O. Skyba
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Physical Therapy Program

Today, an important issue is the problem of the prevalence of partial or complete loss of vision of the working population and its secondary pathology. The primary involvement of the cardiovascular system in the pathological process of this contingent is manifested by functional changes in hemodynamic parameters. The negative trend is exacerbated by forced hypokinesia and overweight visually impaired people. The purpose of the study was to analyze and assess the hemodynamic parameters of middle-aged people with visual pathology, to find out the possibility of expanding the choice of special means of physical therapy that increases the functional state of the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. The study involved 54 people of middle age with disabilities and pathologies: retinal detachment, myopia with astigmatism, cataracts and glaucoma with a visual remainder of up to 10%, and persons with absolute vision loss. Copying of data from medical documentation and the subsequent analysis of the information received, examination, collection of anamnesis, instrumental methods of studying their hemodynamic parameters and methods of mathematical data processing were used. Results and discussion. In the course of complex medical examinations, grade I arterial hypertension, which was diagnosed by specialists, was found in 14.81% of people. According to the comparison of the actual blood pressure indicators with the clinical guidelines of the International Society of Hypertension (2020), 51.85% of the contingent showed "highly normal" values towards pathological changes. The tendency of a significant decrease also related to the indicators of systolic volume and minute volume of blood circulation. A low level of the body's tolerance to physical activity was established at 62.96% due to the examined patients with complete loss of vision. Conclusion. In the sanatorium-resort conditions, the program of physical therapy of the surveyed included standard means (physiotherapy exercises, massage, mechanotherapy, spatial orientation and psychocorrection). In the course of the study, to expand the existing components of the physical therapy program, the following ones were selected: hydrokinesis therapy, special corrective exercises with "fitball-aerobics" and dance therapy, health path, Scandinavian walking

scholarly journals Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12166
Author(s):  
Tianxiang Ma ◽  
Zhexi Zhang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Haoran Su ◽  
Xiaoyan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
No Release

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in cardiovascular homeostasis and its abnormal delivery is highly associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The assessment and manipulation of NO delivery is crucial to the diagnosis and therapy of CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic progression, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiovascular manifestations of coronavirus (COVID-19). However, due to the low concentration and fast reaction characteristics of NO in the cardiovascular system, clinical applications centered on NO delivery are challenging. In this tutorial review, we first summarized the methods to estimate the in vivo NO delivery process, based on computational modeling and flow-mediated dilation, to assess endothelial function and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. Then, emerging bioimaging technologies that have the potential to experimentally measure arterial NO concentration were discussed, including Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical sensors. In addition to diagnostic methods, therapies aimed at controlling NO delivery to regulate CVD were reviewed, including the NO release platform to treat endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and inhaled NO therapy to treat pulmonary hypertension and COVID-19. Two potential methods to improve the effectiveness of existing NO therapy were also discussed, including the combination of NO release platform and computational modeling, and stem cell therapy, which currently remains at the laboratory stage but has clinical potential for the treatment of CVD.

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