scholarly journals Super Power of Antioxidant in Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Power Role

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by peculiarly high levels of blood glucose due to complete or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion as well as disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Increasing indication revealed that oxidative stress plays a main role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Free radicals are formed excessively in diabetes by glucose oxidation and non-enzymatic protein glycation. Abnormally high levels of free radicals and the simultaneous decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms can lead to damage of cellular organelles and enzymes increased lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance. This penalty of oxidative stress can promote the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. Antioxidants obtained from nature helps in neutralization of reactive oxygen species and significantly reduce the probability of progression of diabetic complications. A variety of nutritionally important vitamins, supplements and some constituents of natural food sources, including cappers, broccoli, tomatoes, berries, grapes, spinach, carrots, nuts, etc. naturally trim down the injury caused by oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. The review describes the oxidative stress and super power role of antioxidants role in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽  
Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽  
Mostafa Elachouri ◽  
Rohollah Masumi ◽  
Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

scholarly journals Squalene: More than a Step toward Sterols

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Micera ◽  
Alfonso Botto ◽  
Federica Geddo ◽  
Susanna Antoniotti ◽  
Cinzia Margherita Bertea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Cellular Models

Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway and represents a possible target in different metabolic and oxidative stress-related disorders. Growing interest has been focused on SQ’s antioxidant properties, derived from its chemical structure. Strong evidence provided by ex vivo models underline its scavenging activity towards free radicals, whereas only a few studies have highlighted its effect in cellular models of oxidative stress. Given the role of unbalanced free radicals in both the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, an in depth evaluation of SQ’s contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms could represent a strategic approach in dealing with these pathological conditions. At present experimental results overall show a double-edged sword role of squalene in cardiovascular diseases and its function has to be better elucidated in order to establish intervention lines focused on its features. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about endogenous and exogenous sources of SQ and to point out the controversial role of SQ in cardiovascular physiology.

Oxidative Stress in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Lucia Minciullo ◽  
Antonino Inferrera ◽  
Michele Navarra ◽  
Gioacchino Calapai ◽  
Carlo Magno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Key Words Oxidative Stress

Background: Several parameters including inflammatory mediators, hormones, dietary factors, inflammatory genes, and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered to play a role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate tissue damage and OS may lead to compensatory cellular proliferation with resulting hyperplastic growth. Methods: We searched MEDLINE for articles in English published up to March 2014 using the key words ‘oxidative stress', ‘antioxidants' and ‘benign prostatic hyperplasia'. Results: Prostatic inflammation can cause the generation of free radicals. The extent of oxidative damage can be exacerbated by a decreased efficiency of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The balance between OS and the antioxidant component also has a role in developing prostate disease. Several works show the role of oxidant products and of depletion of antioxidant substances in BPH patients. It is accepted that free radicals play a role in carcinogenesis and that BPH should be considered a premalignant condition which may evolve into prostate cancer. High OS parameters and low antioxidant activity are more prominent in prostate cancer patients compared with BPH and controls. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of antioxidants in BPH also in view of preventing the progression to prostate cancer.

The role of antioxidants in the treatment of diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Afag Ulduz Kazimova ◽  
◽  
Elnura Musa Musayeva ◽  
Gulbaniz Asif Huseynova ◽  
Rashida Musa Abdullayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Key Words Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Oxidative stress is a major cause of various types of tissue damage, especially endothelial dysfunction, which occurs in diabetes mellitus. In a healthy organism the formation of ROS occurs under the strict control of the biological system, on the contrary, under severe stress, many diseases, as well as diabetes, the production of ROS increases curtly. Due to its high reactivity, an increase in the amount of SOR leads to oxidative stress, which disturb the balance between the antioxidant and prooxidant systems. The main prin-ciple of the therapeutic strategy to reduce oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus is to inhibit the formation of free radicals. The results of clinical and experimental experiments demonstrate the administration of antioxidants, especially vitamin E, insulin resistance and therapeutic effect in diabetic conditions. Recently, the use of synthetic, as well as herbal antioxidants, along with other drugs in the pharmacotherapeutic correction of a number of pathologies in medical practice has become widespread. The development of a more effective pharmacotherapeutic strategy for diabetes with antioxidants and the synthesis of potent agents are promising for further research. Key words: diabetes mellitus, antioxidant, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals

scholarly journals Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, cAMP Signalling and Apoptosis: A Crossroads in Lymphocytes of Multiple Sclerosis, a Possible Role of Nutraceutics

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anna Signorile ◽  
Anna Ferretta ◽  
Maddalena Ruggieri ◽  
Damiano Paolicelli ◽  
Paolo Lattanzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Apoptosis Resistance ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Camp Pathway ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and neurodegenerative chronic disease that involves the immune and central nervous systems (CNS). The pathogenesis involves the loss of blood–brain barrier integrity, resulting in the invasion of lymphocytes into the CNS with consequent tissue damage. The MS etiology is probably a combination of immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. It has been proposed that T lymphocytes have a main role in the onset and propagation of MS, leading to the inflammation of white matter and myelin sheath destruction. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress exert a role in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis and are involved in the apoptosis resistance of immune cells with the consequent development of autoimmune diseases. The defective apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes in patients with MS, allows these cells to perpetuate, within the CNS, a continuous cycle of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the involvement in MS of cAMP pathway, mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and their interaction in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis. In addition, we discuss a series of nutraceutical compounds that could influence these aspects.

The role of corneal crystallins in the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Lassen ◽  
William J. Black ◽  
Tia Estey ◽  
Vasilis Vasiliou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Defense

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3061-3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Lappas ◽  
Ursula Hiden ◽  
Gernot Desoye ◽  
Julia Froehlich ◽  
Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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