scholarly journals A Detailed Study of Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Penton Valentine Leucocidin Gene Positive and Negative Staphylococcus aureus from Pus Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mateen Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
One Year ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus harboring Panton Valentine Leucocidin gene are emerging and spreading worldwide. PVL gene was first identified by Noel Panton and Francis Valentine in 1932 who IC Pakistan only limited data is available regarding the effect of PVL gene on sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of both PVL positive and negative Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Aims & Objectives: This study was conducted to understand the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of both PVL positive and PVL negative Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus samples received from various indoor and outdoor departments of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Place and duration of study: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. Duration of study is one year after the approval of research topic. Material & Methods: A total of 384 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and soft tissue infections were identified and selected. Their antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by Kirby disc diffusion method using Muller Hinton agar. Results: Frequencies of PVL gene in MRSA and MSSA were 51% and 44% respectively. Frequency of PVL gene was also found to be high in Ciprofloxacin sensitive, Gentamicin sensitive, Erythromycin resistant and fusidic acid resistant isolates. Conclusion: Almost half of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found PVL positive. They were mostly multidrug resistant. The PVL positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed high resistance against antibiotics than PVL negative isolates

scholarly journals Determination of Vancomycin and Linezolid Resistance Among Staphylococcal Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
R. Shakthi D. Venkatesha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the commonest causes of hospital acquired infections. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA. Increase in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Vancomycin has been observed in both Methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcal isolates. In critically ill patients, Vancomycin has become a poor therapeutic antibiotic whereas; Linezolid has emerged as an alternative drug in treating such patients. This study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity pattern among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to Vancomycin and Linezolid, in order to formulate a better treatment.100 S. aureuswere isolated from various clinical specimens. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and MICs of Vancomycin and Linezolid were determined by E-test following CLSI guidelines. Out of 100 S. aureus isolated, 68 were MRSA strains. Among 68 strains of MRSA for which MIC levels of Vancomycin 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 4, 27, and 37 respectively. Similarly, out of total MRSA strains MIC levels of Linezolid 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 1, 25, and 42 respectively. All 100 strains showed similar in-vitro efficacy for Vancomycin and Linezolid by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, but the number of strains with higher ranges of MICs of Vancomycin were more as compared to those which had higher ranges of MICs for Linezolid. Hence we suggest that Linezolid can be used as an alternative for the treatment of MRSA.

scholarly journals Bloodstream infections and trends of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns at Port Blair

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Banik ◽  
Sanjeev H. Bhat ◽  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
Agnijeet Palit ◽  
Kandregula Snehaa
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Bloodstream infection can range from inapparent bacteremia until fulminant septic shock with high mortality. Microorganisms present in circulating blood whether continuously, intermittently, or transiently are a threat to every organ in the body. Culture of blood is a vital tool to diagnose such infections. Drug susceptibility patterns help in rationalizing therapy. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform bacteriological analysis and assess drug sensitivity patterns of isolates from blood stream infections. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study was conducted from May 2015 to February 2017 at a tertiary care hospital, Port Blair, India. Blood samples were collected with aseptic guidelines and cultured for 7 days. Growths were identified using standard biochemical tests and subjected to sensitivity testing according to Modified Kirby–Bauer’s disk diffusion method. Data for the source of blood collection and duration of incubation were noted and compared. RESULTS: A total of 270 (14.24%) pathogens were isolated from 1895 bacteremia suspect patient blood specimens. Contamination was observed at a rate of 1.63%. Gram-positive cocci (60.37%) were predominant organisms recovered followed by Gram-negative Bacilli (36.29%) and Yeasts (3.33%). Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, and Acinetobacter spp. were the primary pathogens isolated. Aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and glycopeptides were the most effective drugs for treating bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment of sepsis depends on early diagnosis and proper antimicrobial therapy. Local knowledge of bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns helps rationalize empiric treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Frequency and Sensitivity Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus in a Tertiary Care Setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Asma Ejaz ◽  
. Abeer ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
Zaheer Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care Setting

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a major etiological pathogen causing multiple infections and broadly known as a serious public health challenge faced due to antibiotic resistance. It is the need of time that infection prevention and control strategies; and antibiotic stewardship policies have to be employed conjointly to minimize the extended rise of antibiotic resistance. Objectives: To determine the frequency and sensitivity patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in tertiary care setting. Study Design: Descriptive study Place & Duration of Study: Pathology Laboratory of tertiary care center from 1st March’ 2020 till 28th February’ 2021. Materials & Methods: A total 643 Staph. aureus isolated from various clinical specimens received in a tertiary care hospital; were processed and identified by culture, staining and bench tests. Sensitivity testing was done by Disc Diffusion method. Resistance to cefoxitin(30µg) was labelled as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Constitutive and Inducible Clindamycin resistance was also evaluated. (CLSI, 2020-21). Results: During the study period 125 (19.44%) MRSA were recovered. Statistically, gender distribution regarding MRSA was significant, most of SA was recovered from blood (53.68%), while 46.31% from pus and wound swabs. The frequency of MRSA from Surgical and allied wards was higher (52.63%) than Medicine and allied wards (47.36%). Sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline was noted 100% by all the isolates. Sensitivity to clindamycin and Doxycycline was 68.42% and 64.81% respectively; while resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 73.68%, 60% and 57.89%, respectively. Conclusion: The hazardous infections due to Staphylococcus aureus are worrisome in the present therapeutic scenario. A levelheaded prescription of sensitive antibiotics has to be ensured to minimize the rising frequency of resistant strains of SA.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 078-081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Arora ◽  
Pushpa Devi ◽  
Usha Arora ◽  
Bimla Devi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

ABSTRACT Aim: The emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has posed a serious therapeutic challenge. We report the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA in the hospitals attached to GMC, Amritsar, Punjab. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 250 coagulase-positive staphylococci (COPS) isolated from a total of 6743 clinical specimens (like pus, blood, urine, high vaginal swab, sputum, etc.) of patients admitted in hospitals attached to Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2008−February 2009. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as per standard guidelines. Methicillin resistance was detected using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin screen agar method, and minimum inhibitory concentration using broth macrodilution method. Results: A total of 115 (46%) strains were found to be methicillin resistant. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% MRSA strains. However, no strain was resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion: Regular surveillance of hospital-associated infection and monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is required to reduce MRSA prevalence.

scholarly journals Detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from various samples in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4696
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Jagarti . ◽  
Mrinmoy Sarma ◽  
Gautam Shalini
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Background: The increasing frequency of MRSA infections and rapidly changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance, led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolides-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clindamycin is an important drug used in the treatment of MRSA and MSSA infection. The aim of this study was to determine inducible and constitutive clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by D-test.Methods: During a period of 6 months from July 2018 to December 2018, a total of 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different clinical samples were subjected to routine antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Methicillin-resistance was determined by using the cefoxitin (30 µg) disc. Incidence of MLSBc and MLSBi in Staphylococcus aureus isolates by D-test as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 100 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from 350 clinical samples, 70(70%) were found to be MRSA and 30(30%) were MSSA. Among 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 40% isolates showed MLSBi resistance, 28% isolates showed MLSBc resistance, 6% isolates showed MS phenotype and 26% isolates showed Sensitive phenotype. MLSBc and MLSBi were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (21%, 27% and 7%, 10% respectively). All clinical isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.Conclusions: Continuous surveillance of the MLSB resistance is important and required before the prescription of clindamycin to treat MRSA infections.

scholarly journals Aerobic bacteriology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective study

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Sanjana ◽  
YI Singh ◽  
NS Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

The present study was carried out to determine the aerobic microorganisms involved and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) and to provide a guideline for empirical antibiotic therapy.Between March 2009 to February 2011, the ear discharge samples submitted at the microbiology laboratory were processed aerobically and all the isolates were included in this study. All organisms were identified morphologically and biochemically by standard laboratory procedures and antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard recommendations.Out of a total of 214 samples, microbiological culture was yielded from 202 (94.3%) specimens. Single organism were isolated from 168 (78.5%) of the culture positive specimens, while the remaining 34 (15.9%) had two or more organisms isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 59 (35.1%) was the most common isolate, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 42 (25.0%) including 5 (3%) of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Antibiotic sensitivities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that 93.2% isolates were sensitive to tobramycin, whereas, 91.5% isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime and 77.9% to amikacin.Only 50.8% of the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 25.4% to gentamicin. For Staphylococcus aureus (other than MRSA) 95.2% were sensitive to cloxacillin, 83.3% to gentamicin and 78.5% to erythromycin. Only 07.1% were sensitive to ampicillin and 26.1% to ciprofloxacin.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus. More than 90% of Pseudomonas and 90% of Staph aureus were sensitive to tobramycin and cloxacillin respectively. Therefore, these two drugs may be included in the formulary to cover the most common aerobic isolates involved in CSOM.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2011, Vol-7, No-2, 1-8DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i2.6673

scholarly journals Detection of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase Production Among Uropathogens

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 007-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Aggarwal ◽  
Uma Chaudhary ◽  
Rama Sikka
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Significant Bacteriuria ◽  
Endemic Transmission ◽  
Specialized Unit

ABSTRACT Background: Detection of extended spectrum β -lactamase (ESBL) production among uropathogens is an important marker of endemicity. Aim: Intervention of this endemic transmission is important for the control of initial outbreak of ESBL producing organisms in a hospital or specialized unit of hospital. Materials and Methods: During the study period of one and a half months, 1,551 urine samples were processed for significant bacteriuria. Two hundred gram negative bacterial isolates were tested for ESBL production. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was ascertained for ESBL producing isolates. Results: ESBL production was seen in 36% of isolates. All the isolates were multidrug resistant with uniform sensitivity to imipenem. Conclusion: This study reveals the significant prevalence of ESBL producing organisms in this north Indian tertiary care hospital. Constant revision of antibiotic policies with infection control interventions is suggested.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Sabita Bhatta ◽  
Manoj Pradhan ◽  
Alina Singh ◽  
Raina Chaudhary ◽  
Yankpam Ibotomba Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the major cause of nosocomial infection. Multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR PA) are increasingly encountered in clinical samples .Therefore, this study was undertaken to know the sensitivity pattern of P. aeruginosa and to detect MDR PA from clinical samples. Methods: This was a laboratory based retrospective-cross sectional study conducted at Department of Microbiology at a tertiary care referral centre in Kathmandu, Nepal from December 2018 to December 2019. Total of 200 isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from clinical samples. Non repetitive sample per patient was included in the study. Samples were processed according to standard methodology and antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AMST) was carried out by Modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guideline. MDR was defined as strains resistant to one or more agent of ≥ 3 groups of antimicrobial categories. Results: Highest number of P. aeruginosa were isolated from sputum (93), followed by wound swab (35), and pus (29). AMST revealed the most sensitive drug to be Amikacin (91.51%) followed by Meropenem (78.5%) and Piperacillin/Tazobactam (77.50%). Out of 200 isolates, 69 (34.5%) were MDRPA. Conclusions: The information regarding sensitivity pattern of P. aeruginosa will help clinicians to choose most effective antimicrobials for the treatment of patients thus saving the time duration and total cost of patient management and also it will play a key role in setting antimicrobial stewardship policy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Shirsendu Mondal ◽  
Manasi Banerjee ◽  
Sudip Das
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media is a common infectious disease in our country. The micro-organisms commonly causing the disease and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is important for treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the common microorganisms in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in our tertiary care hospital.Methods: The study was carried out from July 2013 to December 2013 at the ENT out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. 100 patients aged 18 to 60 years of either sex, with unilateral or bilateral active chronic suppurative otitis media attending the out- patient clinic were included in the study. Pus samples were collected from the discharging ears and sent for isolating the organisms and susceptibility testing.Results: A total number of 108 ear swabs were collected from the 100 recruited patients of which 15 (13.88%) were sterile and 93 (86.11%) showed presence of organisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 41(38%) was the commonest organism isolated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 25(23.15%). The antimicrobial profile of the microorganisms reveals maximum sensitivity of the isolated organisms to piperacillin and levofloxacin.Conclusions: In our study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (38%) and Staphylococcus aureus (23.15%) are the major pathogens involved in the etiology of CSOM. The isolates showed maximum sensitivity to piperacillin (41%) and levofloxacin (41%). As piperacillin is available only in parenteral form and is also costly, topical levofloxacin can be recommended in empirical treatment of CSOM.

Spectrum of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogen isolated from Pus samples and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Soni Soni ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Kalpana Chauhan ◽  
Deepali Saini
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Culture Positive

Background:Wound infection continues to be a significant problem in clinical practice where empirical treatment of infection is required while waiting for culture report to prevent emergence of resistance. Objectives:To study the spectrum of aerobic bacterial pathogen isolated from pus samples and to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated. Method: The samples of pusreceived in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were processed during the study period to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens as per standard bacteriologicaltechniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines 2017. Result:Out of the total of 1474pus samples processed, 21.98% samples were culture positive. Majority of culture positive samples were from IPD patients.Predominance of gram negative bacteria (77.4%) was seen as compared to gram positive bacteria (22.60%) both in IPD and OPD samples. High level of resistance to various antimicrobials was seen among the clinical isolates. Conclusion: Emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in pus sample is a matter of concern. Therefore, knowledge of the spectrum of microorganisms causing pus discharge and its susceptibility pattern is required and this data may contribute to an effective management of cases of wound infection

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