scholarly journals Bhallataka Rasayana: A Boon in Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Vidula A Patil ◽  
Aarti P Dubewar ◽  
Ramesh Bhonde ◽  
Cheenu Bhargava ◽  
Pradnya Kakodkar
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Semecarpus Anacardium ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Life ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Isolated Tissues

Bhallataka (Semecarpus Anacardium) is one of the Rasayana drugs mentioned in Ayurveda. Semecarpus Anacardium plant belongs to the family Anacardiaceae having allergic expressions as contact dermatitis which originates the fear about use in mind but in Ayurveda it have been used since tradition in various diseased conditions like wounds, piles, uncontrolled cell growth, abdominal lumps etc. Despite these conditions it is more likely used as Rasayana for diseased free long life. Rasayana medicines help in rejuvenating the cells and tissues with antioxidant and cyto-protective properties. In Vitro effects of Semecarpus Anacardium extracts Bhallataka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissues and the whole animal. The therapeutic effects of the extract are due to its chemical constituents as phenols, glycosides and lipids mainly. The review supports the information on the use of Semecarpus Anacardium extracts in different cancer conditions.

scholarly journals Enhancement of chemical constituents in hydrosol and residual water of Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaila A Rahman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
By Products ◽  
Better Than

Aquilaria malaccensis is an agarwood-producing species in the family Thymeleaeceae. Agarwood is a fragrant resin used in the manufacture of incense sticks, and in pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries. In addition to the resin, hydrosol and residual water by-products from agarwood woodchip distillation are also utilized. Hydrosol contains water-soluble fragrant chemicals used as a tonic drink, in cooking and cosmetics while the residual water is used in spas and aromatic bath treatments. The present study was conducted to identify and compare compounds present in hydrosol and residual water by-products of diploid and polyploid A. malaccensis. Four different four-month-old A. malaccensis plants were compared: soil-grown diploid seedlings (DS), in vitro-grown seedlings (DV), tissue culture-derived plantlets (DC) and artificially induced tetraploid plantlets (TC). Hydrosol water from TC leaf and root samples were found to contain higher amounts of compounds compared with other samples. The TC leaf samples were qualitatively better as key compounds of agarwood such as α- and γ-eudesmol were detected. TC stem samples also contained higher amounts of key compounds compared with other samples, while the overall amount of compounds was highest in DS stem samples. The residual water of TC stem and root samples contained key compounds not detected in other samples, while DS residual water samples contained the highest total amount of compounds. Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploids performed better than their diploid counterparts in production of compounds, and thus may be a better planting material choice for commercial plantations.

scholarly journals Assessment and antimricrobial modulating activity of the extract of Baccharis cinerea DC. from cariri cearense

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleberton Torres Santos ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Oliveira Teotônio ◽  
Ana Paula Leite Nascimento ◽  
Darcio Luiz de Sousa Júnior ◽  
Ítalo Mykaell da Silva Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Baccharis cinerea belongs to the Asteraceae family, in Brazil is found in the Northeast and Southeast, occurring in the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica biomes, on the edges of the seasonal forests, board and altitude forests in both regenerating primary and secondary areas. Has proven antimicrobial and antiviral activity and is widely used in folk medicine for its various therapeutic effects and is used as an antiseptic for skin and wound infections, inflammation, diarrhea as well as being used as a purgative. The plants used in the traditional medicine are more and more explored scientifically because they are possible resources of substances with antimicrobial activity in front damage man’s health microorganism. In this context the objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, modulator activity of antibiotic and in vitro phytochemical prospection of leaf ethanol extracts. Tests were performed on the bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536). The antibacterial activity was analyzed by means determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). For the evaluation of the modulating activity, the microdilution method of the diluted extract samples with the antibiotic’s amikacin, clindamycin and gentamicin was used. The MIC results were ≥ 1024 μg mL-1 by the bacterial strains. There was a relevance of concentrations in modulation with the antimicrobials tested such as amikacin and gentamicin, there were no discrepancy of clindamycin results in association with the extract. The chemical constituents found were leucoanthocyanidins, flabobenic tannins, flavanones, flavones, flavonoids, xanthones, chalcones, aurones. It is important to note that is necessary to do other studies to evaluate the potential of this species because it has important chemical compounds in reducing antimicrobial resistance.

EFFECTS OF HYPOGLYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE BY ISOLATED TISSUES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Isolated Tissues

Hypoglycin A, an amino acid of novel structure isolated from a tropical fruit, Blighia sapida, is known to cause a profound hypoglycaemia when administered to animals. The in vitro effects of hypoglycin A on the metabolism of glucose C14by normal rat liver slices, rat diaphragm, and rat adipose tissue have been investigated. These experiments have been carried out in the absence and in the presence of insulin. With liver, hypoglycin A decreased the conversion of glucose C14to glycogen and fatty acid but increased the conversion to pyruvate. With diaphragms, hypoglycin A increased conversion of glucose C14to glycogen and carbon dioxide but only in the absence of insulin. No changes in glucose C14metabolism by the epididymal fat pad were demonstrated as a result of the presence of hypoglycin. Theories on the mechanism of action of hypoglycin A are discussed.

scholarly journals Verification of the Field Productivity of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. Developed Through Optimized In Vitro Culture Method

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Yong-Goo Kim ◽  
Richard Komakech ◽  
Dae Hui Jeong ◽  
Yun mi Park ◽  
Tae Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
The Family

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC is a perennial plant belonging to the family Scropulariidae. The root of R. glutinosa is used in oriental medicine and mainly grown using rootstock rather than seed cultivation, which gives rise to several problems including root rot, and results in a low productivity and poor quality. To solve the challenges involved in R. glutinosa seed cultivation, our team previously used the formative features and genetic analysis of R. glutinosa to determine the optimal in vitro tissue culture conditions for producing sterile culture seedlings and rootstocks of R. glutinosa. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between R. glutinosa standard rootstock seedlings (SR), R. glutinosa culture rootstock seedlings (CR), and culture seedlings (CS) under field conditions. The reproductive characteristics of the aerial part were more robust while the area and length of leaves were smaller for SR than those for CR and CS. The characteristic that differed the most in SR was flowering, which did not occur in CR and CS. In addition, the fresh and dry weights of the subterranean parts of CR and CS were two-fold greater than those of SR. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) analysis showed only slight differences between the chemical constituents of SR and its culture products, which was confirmed by measuring the content of catalpol, an indexing substance. Catalpol had a reduced content in the culture products compared to SR. However, this difference was not significant. Our findings will be useful for the identification of the best seedling type of R. glutinosa to enable its mass production.

EFFECTS OF HYPOGLYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE BY ISOLATED TISSUES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Isolated Tissues

Hypoglycin A, an amino acid of novel structure isolated from a tropical fruit, Blighia sapida, is known to cause a profound hypoglycaemia when administered to animals. The in vitro effects of hypoglycin A on the metabolism of glucose C14by normal rat liver slices, rat diaphragm, and rat adipose tissue have been investigated. These experiments have been carried out in the absence and in the presence of insulin. With liver, hypoglycin A decreased the conversion of glucose C14to glycogen and fatty acid but increased the conversion to pyruvate. With diaphragms, hypoglycin A increased conversion of glucose C14to glycogen and carbon dioxide but only in the absence of insulin. No changes in glucose C14metabolism by the epididymal fat pad were demonstrated as a result of the presence of hypoglycin. Theories on the mechanism of action of hypoglycin A are discussed.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Plant Growth Regulators on Phytochemical Constituents and DNA Protection Potential of the Medicinal Plant Arnebia benthamii

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Javid A. Parray ◽  
Azra N. Kamili ◽  
Sumira Jan ◽  
Mohammad Yaseen Mir ◽  
Nowsheen Shameem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Protection Potential ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Protocol

Arnebia benthamii of the family Boraginaceae is a critically endangered nonendemic plant of the Kashmir Himalayas and is used to treat a number of human diseases. The current study was based on developing an in vitro micropropagation protocol vis-à-vis induction of various secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions for the possible biological activity. A tissue culture protocol was developed for A. benthamii for the first time in the Himalayan region using varied combinations and proper media formulations, including various adjuvants: Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, growth hormones, sugars, agar, and so forth. The influence of different media combinations was estimated, and the MS + thidiazuron (TDZ) + indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) combination favors a higher regeneration potential. The higher amounts of chemical constituents were also recorded on the same treatment. The in vitro plant samples also showed a noteworthy effect of scavenging of hydroxyl radicals vis-à-vis protection from oxidative DNA damage. The in vitro raised plants are good candidates for the development of antioxidant molecules.

Production of Collagenase and Inhibitor (Timp) by Normal, Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritic Synovium In Vitro: Effects of Hydrocortisone and Indomethacin

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. McGuire ◽  
Gillian Murphy ◽  
J. J. Reynolds ◽  
R. G. G. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Active Collagenase ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Destructive Processes

1. the amounts of latent and active collagenase and of collagenase inhibitor (TIMP) produced by two normal, three rheumatoid and two osteoarthritic synovial specimens in culture were compared. Normal synovia produced TIMP, but little latent enzyme. Rheumatoid synovia produced higher levels of total collagenase activity than normal, of which up to 50% in one sample was present in the medium in an active form, whereas no specific inhibitory activity due to TIMP was detectable. the amounts of collagenase and TIMP produced by osteoarthritic synovia were more variable and appeared to reflect the degree of inflammation in the tissue at the time of initiating the cultures. 2. Concentrations of TIMP were usually higher in the culture media of normal, rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovia when hydrocortisone was present. Correspondingly, amounts of total collagenase were reduced. Production of prostaglandin E (PGE) were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by hydrocortisone. 3. Indomethacin had no consistent effect on the production of TIMP by rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovia, although it tended to depress production of collagenase. the production of TIMP by normal synovia was depressed by indomethacin. No PGE was detectable in the media when indomethacin was present. 4. These results are consistent with those from previous animal studies, and we conclude that the balance between production of collagenase and TIMP may be critical in determining the extent of the destructive processes in arthritis. the ability of hydrocortisone to suppress production of collagenase and to increase free TIMP concentration, as well as to inhibit synthesis of prostaglandin, may explain in part how the drug exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

scholarly journals Dual-activity PI3K–BRD4 inhibitor for the orthogonal inhibition of MYC to block tumor growth and metastasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. E1072-E1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forest H. Andrews ◽  
Alok R. Singh ◽  
Shweta Joshi ◽  
Cassandra A. Smith ◽  
Guillermo A. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Cancer Driver ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

MYC is a major cancer driver but is documented to be a difficult therapeutic target itself. Here, we report on the biological activity, the structural basis, and therapeutic effects of the family of multitargeted compounds that simultaneously disrupt functions of two critical MYC-mediating factors through inhibiting the acetyllysine binding of BRD4 and the kinase activity of PI3K. We show that the dual-action inhibitor impairs PI3K/BRD4 signaling in vitro and in vivo and affords maximal MYC down-regulation. The concomitant inhibition of PI3K and BRD4 blocks MYC expression and activation, promotes MYC degradation, and markedly inhibits cancer cell growth and metastasis. Collectively, our findings suggest that the dual-activity inhibitor represents a highly promising lead compound for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.

Fagonia indica; A Review on Chemical Constituents, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Ali ◽  
Haroon Khan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

: The family Zygophyllaceae has almost 22 genera and more than 250 species. Fagonia is an important genus which belong to this family. This genus comprises of abundant species which grows in different phytogeographical regions of the world. These species grow in different environmental conditions. Fagonia indica belongs to Zygophyllaceae. It is commonly known as Dhamasa, Dhamana, Sachi booti and Shoka’a and is found in deserts of Asia and Africa. The species of this family are of very high importance since very long time. This article is a review based on different studies regarding occurrence, phytochemistry, traditional uses, biochemical constituents and therapeutic uses of F. indica. Available literature review provided base for this review. The presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, pectin and alkaloids were confirmed by different researchers. F. indica is very important medicinal plant because it has different therapeutic and traditional uses such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antileshminial, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, laxative, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. Further in vitro and in vivo studies should be carried out find the exact mechanisms of actions for better scientific evidences.

scholarly journals Houttuynia cordata Thunb: An Ethnopharmacological Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Wu ◽  
Xinyu Deng ◽  
Qichao Hu ◽  
Xiaolin Xiao ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Lung Tumour ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata

Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata; Saururaceae) is widely distributed in Asian regions. It plays an important role in traditional health care and disease treatment, as its aboveground stems and leaves have a long medicinal history in China and are used in the treatment of pneumonia and lung abscess. In clinical treatment, it can usually be combined with other drugs to treat dysentery, cold, fever, and mumps; additionally, H. cordata is an edible plant. This review summarizes detailed information on the phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of H. cordata. By searching the keywords “H. cordata and lung”, “H. cordata and heart”, “H. cordata and liver”, and “H. cordata and inflammation” in PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, we screened out articles with high correlation in the past ten years, sorted out the research contents, disease models and research methods of the articles, and provided a new perspective on the therapeutic effects of H. cordata. A variety of its chemical constituents are characteristic of medicinal plants, the chemical constituents were isolated from H. cordata, including volatile oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Flavonoids and volatile oils are the main active components. In pharmacological studies, H. cordata showed organ protective activity, such as reducing the release of inflammatory factors to alleviate lung injury. Moreover, H. cordata regulates immunity, enhances the immune barriers of the vagina, oral cavity, and intestinal tract, and combined with the antibacterial and antiviral activity of its extract, effectively reduces pathogen infection. Furthermore, experiments in vivo and in vitro showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, and its chemical derivatives exert potential therapeutic activity against rheumatoid arthritis. Antitumour action is also an important pharmacological activity of H. cordata, and studies have shown that H. cordata has a notable effect on lung tumour, liver tumour, colon tumour, and breast tumour. This review categorizes the biological activities of H. cordata according to modern research papers, and provides insights into disease prevention and treatment of H. cordata.

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