scholarly journals Enhancement of chemical constituents in hydrosol and residual water of Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaila A Rahman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
By Products ◽  
Better Than

Aquilaria malaccensis is an agarwood-producing species in the family Thymeleaeceae. Agarwood is a fragrant resin used in the manufacture of incense sticks, and in pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries. In addition to the resin, hydrosol and residual water by-products from agarwood woodchip distillation are also utilized. Hydrosol contains water-soluble fragrant chemicals used as a tonic drink, in cooking and cosmetics while the residual water is used in spas and aromatic bath treatments. The present study was conducted to identify and compare compounds present in hydrosol and residual water by-products of diploid and polyploid A. malaccensis. Four different four-month-old A. malaccensis plants were compared: soil-grown diploid seedlings (DS), in vitro-grown seedlings (DV), tissue culture-derived plantlets (DC) and artificially induced tetraploid plantlets (TC). Hydrosol water from TC leaf and root samples were found to contain higher amounts of compounds compared with other samples. The TC leaf samples were qualitatively better as key compounds of agarwood such as α- and γ-eudesmol were detected. TC stem samples also contained higher amounts of key compounds compared with other samples, while the overall amount of compounds was highest in DS stem samples. The residual water of TC stem and root samples contained key compounds not detected in other samples, while DS residual water samples contained the highest total amount of compounds. Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploids performed better than their diploid counterparts in production of compounds, and thus may be a better planting material choice for commercial plantations.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaf Extract Using Liquid Chromatography-Q-TOF-Mass Spectrometry and Investigation of Its Potential Antilipoxygenase Activity In-Vitro

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar A. Eissa ◽  
Yumi Z. H-Y. Hashim ◽  
Dina M. El-Kersh ◽  
Saripah S. S. Abd-Azziz ◽  
Hamzah Mohd. Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Oral Epithelial Cells ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

The Aquilaria malaccensis species of the genus Aquilaria is an abundant source of agarwood resin and many bioactive phytochemicals. Recent data regarding the chemical constituents and biological activities of Aquilaria leaves led us to attempt to qualitatively profile the metabolites of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves from a healthy, noninoculated tree through phytochemical screening, GC-MS, and LC/Q-TOF-MS. The present work is also the first to report the antilipoxygenase activity of A. malaccensis leaves from healthy noninoculated tree and investigate its toxicity on oral mucosal cells. A total of 53 compounds were tentatively identified in the extract, some of which have been described in literature as exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. A number of compounds were identified for the first time in the extract of A. malaccensis leaf, including quercetin, quercetin-O-hexoside, kaempferol-O-dirhamnoside, isorhamnetin-O-hexoside, syringetin-O-hexoside, myricetin, tetrahydroxyflavanone, hesperetin, sissotrin, and lupeol. The antilipoxygenase assay was used to determine the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory potential of the extract, while a WST-1 assay was conducted to investigate the effect of the extract on oral epithelial cells (OEC). The extract implied moderate anti-LOX activity with IC50 value of 71.6 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the cell viability of OEC ranged between 92.55% (10 µg/mL)–76.06% ± (100 µg/mL) upon treatment, indicating some potential toxicity risks. The results attained encourage future studies of the isolation of bioactive compounds from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves, as well as further investigation on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and toxicity associated with their use.

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN HYDROSOL AND RESIDUAL WATER OF AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS TETRAPLOID

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
AR Siti-Suhaila ◽  
N Mohd-Saleh ◽  
M Norwati ◽  
P Namasivayam ◽  
C Mahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PIPER LONGUM LINN. FRUITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Introduction: Piper longum Linn, belonging to the family Piperaceae, is a climber, perennial shrub which is commonly found in India.  The dried fruits of Piper longum are widely used in Ayurvedic System of medicines since time unknown. It posses significant pharmacological properties due to presence of variety of chemical constituents in it. Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical parameters for Piper longum fruits, as per the WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. Materials and Methods: WHO emphasized the use of standardized herbs and formulations for safety and best therapeutic results. Results and Discussion: Pharmacognostical studies shows that the fruits of Piper longum are found as green when fresh which turns grayish black upon drying. It posses pungent, bitter and acrid taste. The fruits are cylindrical with small petiole. The powder microscopy shows the presence of brown content, oleo resins, stone cells and calcium oxalate crystals. Physiochemical analysis shows variable extractive values in different solvents with maximum extractives of 20.6±0.021% in water and minimum extractive value of 6.6±0.036% in chloroform. Total Ash value of 8.3±0.015%, Acid Insoluble Ash- 1.16±0.025% and Water Soluble Ash- 5.5±0.01%, Foreign Matter- 1.62±0.12%, Moisture content of 15.70±0.051%, Bitterness value-1.96, Swelling Index-1.5±0.01 and Foaming Index- 102.33. Phytochemical analysis of the fruits of Piper longum shows the presence of alkaloids, volatile oil, tannins, fixed oils, and phenolics. Conclusion: The botanical, physical and chemical parameters obtained in this study can be used for establishing the identity and purity of the drug that will lead to safety and efficacy of the herb.

Determination of Compounds inside Inoculated Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves by Soxhlet Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Nur Suhada Mustafar ◽  
Pazilah Mohd Yusof ◽  
Siti Sofia Mohammad Shawal ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Specific Detail ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

Aquilaria is a special tree that has been awarded to the earth. Aquilaria spp. which belongs to the family Thymelaeceae is one of the most precious trees is the world. Agarwood or gaharu is the name of the resin produced by Aquilaria spp. Historically, agarwood has widely been used as medicine. It was also being used for perfumes, incense and religious purposes in Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, Christian, and Jewish societies. In order to discover the new uses of the agarwood, knowledge of the chemical constituents inside the plant need to be known. Aquilaria spp tree can be divided into two parts which is bark and leaves. Recently, several studies have been conducted to examine the chemical composition found in Aquilaria spp tree. However, there is still no specific detail documentation on the chemical compounds present in Aquilaria leaves. In this study, Soxhlet extraction method has been used to withdraw the compounds from the leaves. From the results obtained, it shows that extraction of compounds by using methanol was more effective. This was due to the higher polarity inside the methanol. Other than solvents, the samples preparation also gave an effect towards the final results. There were two different types of samples that have been used for this study which are fresh and dried A. malaccensis leaves. The obtaining results showed that more compounds have been extracted from the dried sample. It can be conclude that moisture content in the sample also plays a role in identification of compounds inside the A. malccensis leaves

scholarly journals Verification of the Field Productivity of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. Developed Through Optimized In Vitro Culture Method

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Yong-Goo Kim ◽  
Richard Komakech ◽  
Dae Hui Jeong ◽  
Yun mi Park ◽  
Tae Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
The Family

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC is a perennial plant belonging to the family Scropulariidae. The root of R. glutinosa is used in oriental medicine and mainly grown using rootstock rather than seed cultivation, which gives rise to several problems including root rot, and results in a low productivity and poor quality. To solve the challenges involved in R. glutinosa seed cultivation, our team previously used the formative features and genetic analysis of R. glutinosa to determine the optimal in vitro tissue culture conditions for producing sterile culture seedlings and rootstocks of R. glutinosa. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between R. glutinosa standard rootstock seedlings (SR), R. glutinosa culture rootstock seedlings (CR), and culture seedlings (CS) under field conditions. The reproductive characteristics of the aerial part were more robust while the area and length of leaves were smaller for SR than those for CR and CS. The characteristic that differed the most in SR was flowering, which did not occur in CR and CS. In addition, the fresh and dry weights of the subterranean parts of CR and CS were two-fold greater than those of SR. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) analysis showed only slight differences between the chemical constituents of SR and its culture products, which was confirmed by measuring the content of catalpol, an indexing substance. Catalpol had a reduced content in the culture products compared to SR. However, this difference was not significant. Our findings will be useful for the identification of the best seedling type of R. glutinosa to enable its mass production.

scholarly journals Analysis of application of biotechnologies to obtain high quality planting material of plants of the Salicaceae Mirb. family in vitro for creation of bioenergy plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Chornobrov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
Active Regeneration

In conditions of a sharp reduction in the stocks of traditional fuels, it is important to find new efficient and renewable carbon-neutral energy sources. One of the most promising sources of renewable energy is the biomass of woody plants, in particular the family Willow (Salicaceae Mirb.). Traditionally, Salicaceae plants are propagated by generative and vegetative methods. Microclonal propagation, in contrast to traditional methods of reproduction, allows to obtain genetically homogeneous healthy planting material throughout the year. A significant number of biotechnological publications focus on the development of the optimal protocol for the reproduction of plants of the family Salicaceae, the study of the morphogenetic potential of tissues and optimizing their growth. However, the authors note the individually determined regenerative ability of plant material in vitro, which depends on a number of factors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of biotechnological research on the effectiveness (possibility) of obtaining high-quality planting material of plants of the family Salicaceae by tissue in vitro. For this purpose, we used the results of biotechnological studies of plant tissues of the family Salicaceae in vitro by foreign and domestic authors published in professional journals during 2010−2020. Research methods − analysis, comparison, synthesis, generalization. The analysis revealed that the sterilization regime of Salicaceae plant material depends on the type of explant, phenological phase and age of the donor plant. Step-by-step sterilization using mercury chloride, sodium hypochlorite and silver nitrate effectively neutralizes the exogenous biota of woody explants. The stage of active vegetation is the optimal period of isolation of explants. To obtain virus-free regenerating plants, it is advisable to use apical meristems, callus tissue − leaf blades, active regeneration − microshoots. Stable regeneration system, its type, multiplication factor of Salicaceae plants are genetically determined. For the introduction of plants in vitro, active proliferation, rooting, microclonal propagation, it is advisable to use nutrient media according to WPM (McCown & Lloyd, 1981) and MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962). For regeneration of plants by direct morphogenesis and activation of growth of existing meristems of an explant to apply the environment with cytokinins (BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), kinetin or 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip), for rooting − with auxins NAA (α-naphthylacetic), IBA (3-indolylbutyric acid) and IAA (β-indolyl-3-acetic acid). Further research is aimed at optimizing the propagation protocols of Salicaceae plants in vitro.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil and Some By-Products

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Alexandru Ciocarlan ◽  
Lucian Lupascu ◽  
Aculina Aricu ◽  
Ion Dragalin ◽  
Violeta Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
By Products

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender (Lavanda angustifolia L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their “in vitro” antimicrobial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils produced by seven industrial manufacturers led to the identification of 41 constituents that meant 96.80–99.79% of the total. The main constituents are monoterpenes (84.08–92.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3.30–13.45%), and some aliphatic compounds (1.42–3.90%). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the quantification of known triterpenes, ursolic, and oleanolic acids, in freshly dried lavender plants and in the residual by-products after hydrodistillation of the essential oil. The lavender essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora at 300 μg/mL concentration, and Erwinia amylovora, Candida utilis at 150 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Lavender plant material but also the residual water and ethanolic extracts from the solid waste residue showed high antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains, at 0.75–6.0 μg/mL, 0.08–0.125 μg/mL, and 0.05–4.0 μg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical profile and potential antifungal of essential oil Schinus terebinthifolius and its by-products

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e91491110623
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Alexandre Passos Oliveira ◽  
Pryanka Thuyra Nascimento Fontes ◽  
Lucas Fonseca Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Marília Cavalcante Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
By Products

This study aimed to investigate the distillation time to obtain a higher yield of essential oil and by-product (extract and hydrolate) of Schinus terebinthifolius seeds, to determine the main chemical constituents of these products and the potential fungitoxic on the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To obtain the essential oil and by-products, we used the method of steam distillation for 2.5, 4.0, 5.5 and 7.0 hours. The determination of the chemical composition was made by GC/MS. To determine the potential fungitoxic on mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides various concentrations of the oil and by-products were tested. Distillation periods did not influence the yield of aqueous extract and essential oil hydrolate. No chemical compounds have been identified in hydrolat or aqueous extract with the use of GC analysis. The essential oil at concentrations of 2%, 3% and 4% inhibited approximately 47% of the in vitro development of the fungus C. gloeosporioides.

scholarly journals Structure Analysis of Effective Chemical Compounds against Dengue Viruses Isolated fromIsatis tinctoria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Gao ◽  
Jianming Zhang ◽  
Lianhui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Isatis Tinctoria ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Natural Drugs

The history of Chinese herb research can be traced back to thousands of years ago, and the abundant knowledge accumulated for these herbs makes them good candidates for developing new natural drugs.Isatis tinctoriais probably the most well-studied Chinese herb, which has been identified to be effective against dengue fever. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we adopt combined methods of bioactive trace technology and phytochemical extraction and separation, to guide the isolation and purification of the effective chemical constituents on the water-soluble components of aerial parts ofIsatis tinctoria. In addition, we apply polarimetry and 1D or 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify their structures, which lay a foundation for further study on the biological mechanisms underlying medicinal effects ofIsatis tinctoriausingin vitroandin vivoexperiments. Specifically, we identify and infer the structures of 27 types of chemical compounds named GB-1, GB-2, …, GB-27, respectively, among which GB-7 is a novel compound. Further study of these compounds is critical to reveal the secrets behind the medicinal effects ofIsatis tinctoria.

scholarly journals Synergistic Photoantimicrobial Chemotherapy of Methylene Blue-Encapsulated Chitosan on Biofilm-Contaminated Titanium

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Chiu-Nan Lin ◽  
Shinn-Jyh Ding ◽  
Chun-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Mg63 Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Better Than

Intensive efforts have been made to eliminate or substantial reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on titanium implants. However, in the management of peri-implantitis, the methylene blue (MB) photosensitizer commonly used in photoantimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is limited to a low retention on the implant surface. The purpose of this study was to assess enhancive effect of water-soluble quaternary ammonium chitosan (QTS) on MB retention on biofilm-infected SLA (sandblasted, large grid, and acid-etched) Ti alloy surfaces in vitro. The effectiveness of QTS + MB with different concentrations in eliminating Gram-negative A. actinomycetemcomitans or Gram-positive S. mutans bacteria was compared before and after PACT. Bacterial counting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detection were examined, and then the growth of human osteoblast-like MG63 cells was evaluated. The results indicated that the synergistic QTS + MB with retention ability significantly decreased the biofilm accumulation on the Ti alloy surface, which was better than the same concentration of 1 wt% methyl cellulose (MC). More importantly, the osteogenic activity of MG63 cells on the disinfected sample treated by QTS + MB-PACT modality was comparable to that of sterile Ti control, significantly higher than that by MC + MB-PACT modality. It is concluded that, in terms of improved retention efficacy, effective bacteria eradication, and enhanced cell growth, synergistically, PACT using the 100 μg/mL MB-encapsulated 1% QTS was a promising modality for the treatment of peri-implantitis.

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