EFFECT OF MASTITIS ON MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY COWS IN KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wangari Muturi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
The Government

Purpose: Mastitis is an inflammatory disease condition of udder affecting milk production negatively and having a serious impact on the economy of dairy enterprises. It is considered to be the most costly disease of dairy animals and losses mainly occur through discarded milk, reduction in milk yield, premature culling of animals and replacements. It is usually caused due to the effects of infection by bacterial or mycotic pathogens. Pathological changes to milk-secreting epithelial cells due to the inflammatory processes often bring about a decrease in functional capacity. The general objective of the study is establish the effect of mastitis on milk production in dairy cows in Kenya Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that mastitis significantly affect milk production and leads to losses due to discarded abnormal milk and withheld milk from cows treated with antibiotic.   There is also lack of information on the economic impact of the disease in the majority of developing countries; lack of awareness among farmers concerning sub-clinical mastitis and the importance of udder health; and lack of specific national programmes to control mastitis in the majority of countries. Recommendations: The study recommends that government should create awareness, management and control measures to be developed for education at farmers’ level as udder health, hygiene and nutrition play an important role in the control of mastitis. The best practices for reducing the incidence of mastitis like teat dip after milking; not allowing the cows to sit for 30 minutes after milking should be propagated widely among the farming community through mass media. The government should provide provision adequate funds and infrastructure required to undertake research in this direction.

Serum Metabolic Markers Pre and Postpartum in Holstein Cows According to the Mastitis Occurrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schwegler ◽  
Augusto Schneider ◽  
Ana Rita Tavares Krause ◽  
Paula Montagner ◽  
Eduardo Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Early Postpartum

 Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups for albumin and NEFA concentrations in all periods evaluated (P > 0.05). In the early postpartum period the AST activity was higher in CG than in MG (P = 0.02). The GGT enzyme tended to be more concentrated in the CG than in the MG during the early (P = 0.06) and late (P = 0.08) postpartum periods. Late postpartum phosphorus concentration was lower for MG than CG (P = 0.04). In the prepartum and early postpartum periods, there was no difference among groups for phosphorus concentration (P > 0.05).Discussion: A decrease in milk production in MG compared to CG observed in late postpartum period was due to the inci­dence of mastitis observed around 37 days postpartum. Cows that presented clinical mastitis in the postpartum period did not differ in the blood concentration of NEFA in the prepartum period. In the late postpartum period higher concentration of phosphorus was observed in the CG than in MG, indicating that animals affected by mastitis may be in the weakest energy status. Regarding liver health, the concentration of AST was higher in the recent postpartum period for CG, in disagree­ment with previous studies that related AST to tissue injury caused by mastitis. The GGT enzyme tended to had higher concentrations in CG than MG during the whole postpartum period and may be related to increased hepatic metabolism due to higher production. There were no changes in albumin levels among healthy and mastitis cows, indicating that this marker can not be used to predict clinical mastitis. There were no metabolic alterations in the prepartum period related to the occurrence of postpartum mastitis in multiparous cows in a semi-extensive management system.Keywords: AST, dairy cows, NEFA.

scholarly journals Productive and physiological responses of lactating dairy cows supplemented with phytogenic feed ingredients1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo O Rodrigues ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Franciele C Firmino ◽  
Mayara K R Moura ◽  
Beatriz F Angeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract This experiment compared milk production, milk composition, and physiological responses in lactating dairy cows supplemented with or without a mixture of condensed tannins, encapsulated cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, capsaicin, and piperine. Thirty-six lactating, multiparous, pregnant ¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir cows were maintained in a single drylot pen with ad libitum access to water and a total-mixed ration and were milked twice daily (d –7 to 84). On d 0, cows were ranked by days in milk (86 ± 3 d), milk yield (27.8 ± 1.0 kg), body weight (BW; 584 ± 10 kg), and body condition score (BCS; 3.04 ± 0.06) and assigned to receive (SUPP; n = 18) or not (CON; n = 18) 30 g/cow daily (as-fed basis) of Actifor Pro (Delacon Biotechnik GmbH; Steyregg, Austria). From d 0 to 84, SUPP cows individually received (as-fed basis) 15 g of Actifor Pro mixed with 85 g of finely ground corn through self-locking headgates before each milking of the day. Each CON cow concurrently received 85 g (as-fed basis) of finely ground corn through self-locking headgates. Throughout the experimental period (d –7 to 84), cows from both treatments were administered 500 mg of sometribove zinc at 14-d intervals and were monitored daily for morbidity, including clinical mastitis. Individual milk production was recorded daily, whereas milk samples were collected weekly for analysis of milk composition. Cow BW, BCS, and blood samples were also collected weekly. Cows receiving SUPP gained more BCS (P = 0.05) and had greater (P = 0.04) milk yield during the experiment compared with CON cows (0.22 vs. 0.07 of BCS, SEM = 0.05; 29.5 vs. 27.9 kg/d, SEM = 0.5). Milk composition did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between SUPP and CON cows; hence, SUPP cows also had greater (P ≤ 0.02) production of fat-corrected and energy-corrected milk. Incidence of clinical mastitis did not differ (P ≥ 0.49) between SUPP and CON cows. No treatment differences were also detected (P ≥ 0.21) for serum concentrations of glucose and serum urea N. Mean serum haptoglobin concentration during the experiment was greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. SUPP cows. Cows receiving SUPP had less (P ≤ 0.04) serum cortisol concentrations on d 21 and 42, and greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I on d 7, 35, and 63 compared with CON cows (treatment × day interactions; P ≤ 0.02). Collectively, supplementing phytogenic feed ingredients improved nutritional status and milk production of lactating ¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir cows.

Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Panda ◽  
N. Panda ◽  
K. K. Panigrahy ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
S. P. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Increase Milk Production

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is significantly important for the metabolism of animals and human beings due to its incorporation into the coenzymes NAD and NADP. For dairy cows, the microbial synthesis of niacin in the rumen is an important source besides its availability from feed and endogenous formation. This vitamin is involved in various energy-yielding pathways and for synthesis of amino acid and fatty acid; for which it is important for milk production. Supplementation of niacin has beneficial effects on growth of cattle. The production performance of dairy cows fed with niacin at 6g/day may not be satisfactory, but supplementation of 12g of niacin per head per day can increase milk production by about 1lb. An optimistic return on asset is possible if the supplementation is limited to high producing early lactation cows. Supplementing the dairy animals with a dose of 6-12g of niacin will not only protect them from various metabolic diseases but will also help them defend from severe heat stress; ultimately leading to augmentation of their health, production potential and economy.

Isolation and Identification of Major Mastitis Causing Bacteria from Clinical Cases of Bovine Mastitis in Kashmir Valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waseem ◽  
A. Muhee ◽  
H. U. Malik ◽  
Z. A. Akhoon ◽  
Khusheeba Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases of dairy animals causing heavy losses in terms of fall in milk production, decreased milk quality and additional costs for veterinary services. Mastitis is caused by a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and mycoplasma, of which bacteria are the most frequently isolated pathogens. Microbiological testing is necessary for identification of cause of mastitis and adaptation of control measures to prevent the disease. The aim of the presnt study was to isolate and identify major mastitis causing bacteria from clinical mastitic cases presented to Veterinary Clinical complex, FVSc. and AH, Shuhama Kashmir for treatment. Methods: A total of 200 bovine milk samples from CMT confirmed clinical mastitis cases were collected and cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Mac-Conkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Mannitol salt agar and Edwards media for bacterial isolation. The isolates were then subjected to biochemical tests for identification. Result: Upon microbiological testing and biochemical confirmation, the major mastitis causing bacteria isolated from clinical cases of Bovine mastitis were Staphylococcus Spp. showing highest prevalence of 46.4% followed by mixed infection with Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (20.8%), Streptococci Spp. (18.4%) and Escherichia coli (14.4%).

Patterns of intramammary infection and clinical mastitis over a 5 year period in a closely monitored herd applying mastitis control measures

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Hillerton ◽  
A. John Bramley ◽  
R. Tim Staker ◽  
Charles H. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Mastitis Control

SummaryThe udder health of a research herd of between 160 and 220 Friesian cows run on a commercial basis has been monitored closely, including detailed bacteriological study, over 5 years. The five point mastitis control plan had been in use for several years prior to this study and was continued with minor alterations to the management of the plan, more detailed bacteriological monitoring and increased encouragement to apply it. It has proved possible to make a substantial improvement in the udder health of the herd. The percentage of infected cows fell from 21·9 to 12·0 and the percentage of infected quarters from 7·3 to 3·3. The main benefit has been a drastic reduction in the rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci. However the total incidence of clinical mastitis did not change substantially, averaging around 30 cases/100 cows per year. This was largely because environmental mastitis organisms were responsible for 65 % of all clinical cases. The results showed marked differences in the patterns of infection due to the environmental mastitis pathogens, Gram-negative bacteria and aesculin-hydrolysing streptococci, suggesting different mechanisms of invasion of the gland.

scholarly journals Assessment of udder health in lame cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hisira ◽  
Pavel Slovák ◽  
Paulína Marčeková ◽  
Marián Kadaši ◽  
Pavol Mudroň
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
White Line ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sole Ulcers

The objective of this study was to assess the udder health in lame dairy cows. The study was performed on 35 dairy cows which were admitted to the Clinic of Ruminants. The most frequent claw diseases were white line abscess (28.6%) and toe necrosis (28.6%), followed by digital dermatitis (17.1%), toe ulcers (14.3%), and sole ulcers (11.4%). The prevalence of mastitis in lame cows was 74.3% (26); clinical mastitis was detected in 5 (19.2%) and subclinical mastitis in 21 (80.8%) dairy cows. Distribution of mastitis was similar in terms of front (52.54%) and rear quarters (47.46%). For statistical analyses of mastitis grade in lame dairy cows, a six-point Mastitis Score was created based on physical examination of the mammary gland and results of California Mastitis Test. The Mastitis Score tended to be higher in cows with corium inflammation than in those with digital dermatitis (10.0 and 6.5, respectively). Microbiological culture of 24 positive milk samples was performed and intra-mammary pathogens were isolated in 18 (75%) samples. The most prevalent bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci (50%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (16.7%), Proteus spp. (11.1%), and Aerococcus viridians (11.1%). Of the total bacteria, contagious pathogens were determined in two milk samples (11.1%). In conclusion, high prevalence of mastitis was detected in lame cows suffering from claw diseases without a significant effect of the type of claw diseases on the mastitis grade. Moreover, the dominating isolation of environmental pathogens may be a result of longer lying period of animals affected with lameness.

scholarly journals Hyperthermal and Nutritional Effects on Milk Production, Udder Health and Reproduction of Dairy Cows

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Beede ◽  
David Wolfenson ◽  
Amiel Berman ◽  
Robert J. Collier ◽  
Samuel Amir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Nutritional Effects

scholarly journals Extended lactation in high-yielding dairy cows. II. Effects on milk production, udder health, and body measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 811-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Niozas ◽  
G. Tsousis ◽  
C. Malesios ◽  
I. Steinhöfel ◽  
C. Boscos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Extended Lactation

The effects of ensiling on the intake of herbage and milk production by lactating dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 20-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. J. Keady ◽  
J. J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Per Se

In general cows have higher intakes and higher milk yields when outdoors grazing pasture compared to indoors consuming grass silage. However, this observation is not valid as a direct comparison of grass and silage due to the following reasons. Firstly, the cows consuming the silage and grass are usually at different stages of lactation and secondly the silage has not been produced from the herbage being grazed. There is little information available in the literature comparing the intakes of grass and silage harvested from the same sward at the same stage of maturity when fed to lactating dairy animals at similar stages of lactation. The present study was initiated as part of a series of studies at this Institute, to evaluate factors affecting silage intake. The main aims of this study were to determine the actual effect which ensiling “per se” had firstly on dry matter intake and secondly on animal performance by the lactating dairy cow.

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