Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is significantly important for the metabolism of animals and human beings due to its incorporation into the coenzymes NAD and NADP. For dairy cows, the microbial synthesis of niacin in the rumen is an important source besides its availability from feed and endogenous formation. This vitamin is involved in various energy-yielding pathways and for synthesis of amino acid and fatty acid; for which it is important for milk production. Supplementation of niacin has beneficial effects on growth of cattle. The production performance of dairy cows fed with niacin at 6g/day may not be satisfactory, but supplementation of 12g of niacin per head per day can increase milk production by about 1lb. An optimistic return on asset is possible if the supplementation is limited to high producing early lactation cows. Supplementing the dairy animals with a dose of 6-12g of niacin will not only protect them from various metabolic diseases but will also help them defend from severe heat stress; ultimately leading to augmentation of their health, production potential and economy.

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Seasonal Influence on Milk Production Performance in SDCMPUL in Tamil Nadu

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20216 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Production Performance ◽

Reproduction Traits ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

The Mean ◽

Spss Software

Dairy farming is vulnerable to seasonal variable factors such as temperature, cold climatic conditions, and rainfall. These affect the production and reproduction traits of dairy animals. Seasonal variability also affects the quantity of consumption and marketing of milk considerably. The study aimed to assess the seasonal fluctuation in milk production in Sivagangai District Cooperative Milk Producer Union Limited (SDCMPUL), Tamil Nadu. The study used secondary data. The milk production data were collected from SDCMPUL, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. The data covered the period from 2001-02 to 2020-21. The study used descriptive statistics, CAGR, and paired ‘t-test to determine the variation of milk production according to seasonal changes. The MS office - Excel software and SPSS software were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the mean milk production of the lean and flush season was 2.46 and 2.30 lakh liters, and the CAGR of milk production in SDCMPUL, Tamil Nadu, during the period 2001-02 to 2020-21 was 5.65 percent, and it was 5.23 percent in lean season and 6.11 percent in the flush season while the growth rate of milk production during the lean and flush season was positive and was significant statistically. It was found that the quantity of milk production was higher in the lean season than a flush season; however, the variability of milk production was more in the flush season than in the lean season.

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Effect of Natural Chinese Herbal Supplements (TCMF4) on Lactation Performance and Serum Biomarkers in Peripartal Dairy Cows

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.801418 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yizhe Cui ◽

Zhuorui Shan ◽

Lintong Hou ◽

Qiuju Wang ◽

Juan J. Loor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Total Protein ◽

Dose Group ◽

Production Performance ◽

High Dose Group ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Lactation Performance

This study examined the effect of mixed medicinal herbs from China in the ground form on milk yield and various blood metabolites before and after parturition in Holstein cows. Crushed Agastache rugosus, Scutellaria barbata, Pericarpium citri reticulate, and Radix glycyrrhizae were used to develop TCMF4. Thirty-two Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into a control group or groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4/cow/d from −7 through 21 d relative to parturition. Blood samples for serum isolation were collected at −7, −1, 1, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition and used to measure glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase. Milk production was recorded daily for the first 21 d postpartum, and composition was analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 d. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. The average milk production during the first 21-d postpartum was 28.7 ± 6.9, 27.2 ± 7.1, 31.2 ± 6.8, and 38.5 ± 6.1 kg/d for control group and groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4. Thus, average daily milk production increased between 9 to 34% by supplementation with TCMF4 compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, in the middle dose group, milk concentrations of lactose and total protein decreased by 21 and 19%, respectively, at d 7 around parturition, while total solids increased by 23% at d 21 in the high-dose group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, serum BHBA decreased by 50 and 20% at d −1 and 21 around parturition in the high-dose group. Overall, TCMF4 supplementation improved dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of dairy cows during the periparturient period without adverse effects on liver function, and plasma BHBA concentrations of dairy cows tended to decrease when dietary TCMF4 increased, which suggested that TCMF4 might be used as potential additives in dairy cows to improve production performance.

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The influence of long-term dietary inclusion of the antibiotic Actaplanin on dairy cow performance

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600017487 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1988 ◽

pp. 110-110

Author(s):

M.M. Abubakar ◽

P. Rowlinson

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Increase Milk Production ◽

Cow Performance ◽

A Performance

The antibiotic Actaplanin is a complex of glycopeptide compounds produced by Actinoplanes missourrensis. When included in feed as a performance enhancer it has been shown to increase milk production of dairy cows (McGuffey et al. 1983). Actaplanin is associated with reduced proportions of acetate and increased proportions of propionate in rumen fluid and a depression in milk fat proportion may result (Clapperton et al. 1987). The aim of the trial reported here was to monitor the effects of feeding 960 mg Actaplanin/head/d to dairy cows throughout two successive lactations.

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The effect of perennial ryegrass ploidy and white clover inclusion on milk production of dairy cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bríd McClearn ◽

Trevor Gilliland ◽

Clare Guy ◽

Michael Dineen ◽

Fergal Coughlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Application Rate ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Increase Milk Production ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Fertiliser Application ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows

Grazed grass is considered the cheapest feed available for dairy cows in temperate regions, and to maximise profits, dairy farmers must utilise this high-quality feed where possible. Recent research has reported that including white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in grass swards can have a positive effect on milk production. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of tetraploid and diploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; PRG) swards sown with and without white clover on the milk production of grazing dairy cows. Four grazing treatments were used for the study; tetraploid-only PRG swards, diploid-only PRG swards, tetraploid PRG with white clover swards and diploid PRG with white clover swards. Thirty cows were assigned to each treatment and swards were rotationally grazed at a stocking rate of 2.75 cows/ha and a nitrogen-fertiliser application rate of 250 kg/ha annually. There was no significant effect of ploidy on milk production. Over the present 4-year study, cows grazing the PRG–white clover treatments had greater milk yields (+597 kg/cow.year) and milk-solid yield (+48 kg/cow.year) than cows grazing the PRG-only treatments. This significant increase in milk production suggests that the inclusion of white clover in grazing systems can be effectively used to increase milk production of grazing dairy cows.

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1433 Production of high-quality and digestible forages to increase milk production and nutrient supply for lactating dairy cows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-1433 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 695-695

Author(s):

J. P. Pretz ◽

C. Ramsier ◽

D. P. Casper

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

High Quality ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Increase Milk Production

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Effects of feeding ground versus pelleted total mixed ration on digestion, rumen function and milk production performance of dairy cows

International Journal of Dairy Technology ◽

10.1111/1471-0307.12656 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rongzhen Zhong ◽

Chengzhen Zhao ◽

Piao Feng ◽

Yitong Wang ◽

Xueli Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Production Performance ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Feeding Ground

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Effect of the claw disorders on production performance in dairy cattle

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/67/1745 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Michal Vlček ◽

Radovan Kasarda

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Production Performance ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Production Traits ◽

Digital Dermatitis ◽

Interdigital Dermatitis ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of the study was the influence of claw disorders on production traits in dairy cattle. Observed were claw traits as claw angle, claw length, heel index, claw height, claw diagonal and claw width. Right hind claw after functional trimming was evaluated. Occurrence of claw disorders like interdigital dermatitis and heel erosion (IDHE), digital dermatitis (DD) and sole ulcer (SV) as well as the progress of disease were observed. Basic summary and variation statistics was performed by the SAS software. Two herds were included in the study. Holstein dairy cows (n=101) produced 11 875 kg of milk, 468 kg (3.94%) of fat and 396 kg (3.34%) of proteins. Holstein cows were affected with IDHE in 22 cases, with DD in 6 cases and with sole ulcer in 10 cases. Slovak Simmental dairy cows (n=101) produced 5834 kg of milk, 258 kg (4.44%) of fat and 209 kg (3.59%) of proteins. Slovak Simmental cows were affected with IDHE in 8 cases, with DD in 5 cases and with sole ulcer in 19 cases. Observed was that claw disorders caused deviations of milk production.

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Effect of wheat- or oat-straw inclusion with wheat bran or corn grain in prepartum diets on postpartum performance of transition dairy cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

pp. 1521

Author(s):

Z. Iqbal ◽

M. A. Rashid ◽

T. N. Pasha ◽

J. A. Bhatti

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Milk Production ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Production Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Normal Limits ◽

Oat Straw ◽

Energy Supplementation ◽

Corn Grain

Current study evaluated the effects of feeding straw source and energy supplementation during prepartum period on postpartum production performance and changes in blood metabolites of crossbred dairy cows. Twenty-eight crossbred (Holstein × Sahiwal) cows were randomly assigned to one of the following four dietary treatments: (1) wheat straw and corn grain (WSCG), (2) wheat straw and wheat bran (WSWB), (3) oat straw and corn grain (OSCG) and (4) oat straw and wheat bran (OSWB) in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Iso-nitrogenous diets fed as ad libitum total mixed ration contained 25% wheat straw (WS) or oat straw (OS) and 10% corn grain (CG) or wheat bran (WB). Experimental duration was 42 days before and 56 days after calving. After calving, all animals were fed a similar lactation diet. Pre- and postpartum dry-matter intake % of BW was not affected by treatments. Prepartum energy balance (EBAL) was higher for OS than WS and higher for CG than WB animals. Postpartum EBAL was higher in the WSCG than OSCG treatment. Milk production and composition were not affected by straw source or energy concentrate. Milk yield at Weeks 1, 2 and 3 was higher in the WSWB than WSCG and OSWB treatments. Total solids and feed efficiency were higher in the WSWB than WSCG treatment. Postpartum plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was higher in the WS than the OS diet; however, the measured values were within normal limits. Postpartum plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was not affected by straw source or energy concentrate. Cows fed WSWB prepartum were in positive EBAL, before and after calving, closer to the recommended requirements. Moreover, cows fed WSWB had a lower incidence of health disorders and subclinical ketosis, higher milk production and better feed conversion efficiency during first 3 weeks after calving.

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Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1526

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Xuemei Nan ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Yiguang Zhao ◽

Yuming Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Negative Energy Balance ◽

Research Progress

With the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the intake of nutrients cannot meet the demand of quickly improved milk production. The NEB leads to a large amount of body fat mobilization and consequently the elevated production of ketones, which causes metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver. The high milk production of dairy cows in early lactation aggravates NEB. The metabolic diseases lead to metabolic disorders, a decrease in reproductive performance, and lactation performance decline, seriously affecting the health and production of cows. Propylene glycol (PG) can alleviate NEB through gluconeogenesis and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies. In addition, PG improves milk yield, reproduction, and immune performance by improving plasma glucose and liver function in ketosis cows, and reduces milk fat percentage. However, a large dose of PG (above 500 g/d) has toxic and side effects in cows. The feeding method used was an oral drench. The combination of PG with some other additives can improve the effects in preventing ketosis. Overall, the present review summarizes the recent research progress in the impacts of NEB in dairy cows and the properties of PG in alleviating NEB and reducing the risk of ketosis.

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