scholarly journals Statutory Regulation of Living of Employees of Military Industry Enterprises of Russia in the Second Half of the XIX to the Beginning of the XX Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Bobkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Statutory Regulation

On the basis of historical documents that were not previously introduced into a wide scientific circulation, the features of the normative legal regulation of the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises (arsenals and factories) of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are reconstructed. The dependence of the social relations considered in the article on the development of civil and military legislation of the Russian Empire is shown. The publication found that the legal regulation sought to cover most aspects of the life of workers in military enterprises. The military authorities gave legislative incentives to impeccable and high-quality work, designated socio-economic guarantees for workers in the event of injury, injury or retirement. The corresponding punitive norms of the military legislation were applied to the workers of the military-industrial enterprises who were careless about the case, and sometimes committing antisocial actions. In general, civil and military legislation were harmoniously combined and successfully regulated the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Effective legislative regulation helped boost productivity in military factories and arsenals, and ultimately ensured the strength of domestic weapons and increased Russia’s national security.

scholarly journals A special meeting as an institution of emergency management of the russian empire during the First World war

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. V. Sinichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The Military ◽  
Special Meeting

The article examines the issue of the effectiveness of the work of the Special meeting for combining measures to provide the active army with items of combat and material supplies, headed by the Minister of War. It is noted that the Special Meeting, which appeared on May 13, 1915, received extraordinary powers to carry out the economic mobilization of the entire national economy of the Russian Empire. These powers were legally formalized on August 17, 1915. From that moment in 1915, a Special meeting for the discussion and unification of measures for the defense of the state, for the provision of fuel for communication lines, state and public institutions and enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, for the food business and transportation of fuel and food and military cargo. This body, created in wartime conditions, was entrusted with extraordinary powers to manage state, public institutions and enterprises. The chairman of this meeting was the Minister of War, appointed directly by the emperor. It was he who could form commissions and subcommissions that dealt with both the procurement of weapons, equipment and equipment abroad, and directly with the implementation of a general domestic economic policy in the state for the development of certain branches of industrial and agricultural production. However, as the materials show, the transfer of management functions to the state apparatus and the entire mobilized economy of the country into the hands of the military department led to distortions in the development of the country’s national economy. Primary attention was paid to industrial enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, while the organization of food supply and transport support in the Russian Empire, despite the initiatives of the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, which had a representative in a Special Meeting, did not found due support and attention from the Chairperson of the Special Meeting.

scholarly journals The Theoretical and Legal Nature of Statutory Regulation in Transcaucasia in the Early XIX Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Natig M. ogly Salamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Statutory Regulation

The author’s intention is to study the theoretical and legal essence of normative legal acts in force in Transcaucasia at the beginning of the 19th century. Through the provisions of legal acts and plots of historical and legal history, an attempt is made to explication and theoretical and legal analysis of the regulatory legal regulation of social relations and its ideological paradigms. The theoretical and legal basis of the analysis was the work of legal theorists. The regulatory framework of the study was constituted by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century. The methodological basis of the study was the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge, methods of empirical and theoretical nature (description, formalization, comparison, analysis, generalization, deduction and induction, hypothesis). Based on the analysis of the content of historical legal acts, it can be concluded that the doctrine of regulatory regulation was determined by the priority of state interests, which contributed to the development of public law branches of law. Legal regulation was carried out by local bylaws containing, as intended, regulatory and protective standards. The constituent legal precepts found themselves in the fundamental acts that legally formalized the most important institut ions of society. Power regulations in the form of expression as a whole were binding, and by the method of legal regulation were imperative.

scholarly journals ACQUISITION OF ARMED FORCES IN THE UKRAINIAN LANDS AS A PART OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4(106)) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
О. Б. Северінова
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Military Schools ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

The relevance of the article is that the effectiveness of any state structure largely depends on its leaders. In the army, this factor is extremely important, primarily due to the specifics of social relations inherent in the military organization. The main purpose of officers at that time was to train lower ranks in military affairs and command of troops in a combat situation. The solution of such problems was impossible without proper education and professional training, which was convincingly confirmed by the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. It is emphasized that in peacetime the main links in the system of military schools in the Russian Empire were: a) cadet corps, as well as general classes of His Imperial Majesty's Page, in which students received general secondary education. They were intended for the education and upbringing of children and adolescents who were later preparing to enter military schools and become officers; b) institutions that trained young people to serve as officers. Such were the military and cadet schools (existed until 1910), which trained officers for service in the cavalry and infantry, as well as engineering, military topographic and artillery schools, which were called special. In addition, this group included special classes of the Page of His Imperial Majesty's Corps. All these military educational institutions trained officers of the respective branches of the army and services; c) institutions for improving the education and special technical knowledge of officers of the active service. This group of institutions was divided into two categories: higher military educational institutions (military academies), in which officers received higher military education, and institutions designed to improve the theoretical and practical training of officers of different types of troops in accordance with their specialty (officer schools). It was found that graduates of cadet schools who graduated from the department with a military school course, who worked at some cadet schools, were promoted to the rank of officer along with graduates of military schools. This was due to the fact that these departments, where training was conducted according to the programs of military schools, accepted people with secondary or higher education.

Soldiers’ children as a successful project of the Russian army recruitment reserve formation in the first half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nevzorov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

We describe the features of the reserve replenishment formation of the Russian army at the expense of soldiers’ children in the 19th century. We reveal the historical and legal aspects of the social and class status of the “military class” representatives descendants: soldiers’ children, recruits of soldiers’ children. Born in the recruits families and lower ranks during the service period in the Russian army, either retired, soldiers on indefinite leave and disabled veterans, the soldiers’ children had a special social and legal position in the class structure of Russian society, which are specifically regulated, as the legislative and enforcement practices in the capitals and provinces in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The involvement of a fairly wide range of archival sources and published materials allowed to conduct the reconstruction of both the existing legal regulation and the actual social parameters of the “military offspring” in the armed forces. We also reveal the aspects of education of military cantonists in special military educational insti-tutions and similar military units (military orphan units, training battalions and companies, carabinieri regiments) reflected in the primary archival documents and legislative acts, social and legal, class and everyday conflicts and trends that determined the life and fate of “military chil-dren”. We clarify statistical errors in the calculation of the military class representatives – soldiers’ children – in the Russian province. We give a detailed historiographical study assessment of the legal status of cantonists and recruits of soldiers’ children, as well as identifying research gaps in the works of domestic and foreign historians. We made conclusions about the prospects of the sci-entific problems study by domestic historians, as well as the presence of primary archival docu-ments that need to be introduced into scientific circulation. It is proved that the category of “sol-diers’ children” was the most important component of the Russian armed forces combat capability formation, allowing to prepare a significant reserve. We also show the prospects of the cantonists transformation into professional soldiers, as well as their role in the military history of the Russian Empire in the considered chronological period.

Soldiers' children as a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nevzorov ◽  
Svetlana Bukalova ◽  
Sergey Simonov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Family Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

We consider the social and legal status, family status and class transformations of soldiers’ offspring in the second half of the 19th century. The great reforms of the 60–70s of the 19th century did not actually affect the regulation of children of lower ranks and reserve soldiers. In this context, it is clear that there has been very little change in the situation of such children compared to the recruitment period. Soldiers’ children in the 19th century continued to fill up the lumpenized population groups of the Russian Empire, and their situation remained shaky, unstable and uncertain. We reveal the historical and legal dynamics aspects of the social and class status of children of representatives of the “military class”: soldiers’ children, reserve soldiers’ children, recruits’ children. We ascertain features of the charity and welfare organization for the families with called up soldiers during the Crimean War of 1853–1856 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Attracting a wide range of archival sources and published materials allowed quite successfully to reconstruct existing social and legal regulation and the practice of charity “military offspring” of lower ranks soldiers. We reveal features of the “reflection” of soldiers’ position in primary archival documents and legislative acts, including social and legal conflicts and trends that determined the life and fate of “military children”. We give a historiographic assessment of the study of legal status of soldiers’ children and their everyday life in the war and peace years of the second half of the 19th century. We identify research gaps in the works of domestic and foreign historians on the stated issues. We draw conclusions about the prospects of studying the post-reform ethnic and social, social and cultural, class and legal features of the soldier’s offspring, which is still “in the shadow” of research interest in the history community. We prove that “soldiers’ children” were and remained a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. We reveal the peculiarities of studying this category of “military class” in pre-reform and post-reform Russia.

LEGAL STATUS OF THE ILLEGITIMATE IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Селютина ◽  
Elena Selyutina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Scientific Subject

Results of the research of standard and legal regulation of legal status of the children born out of the marriage in the Russian Empire the XIX-XX centuries, which is carried out by the author within the cathedral scientific subject are presented in the article. The main features of legal status of this category of children are designated, the social and economic conditions and Russian cultural traditions which affected special legal status of illegitimate are noted, the attitude of Orthodox Church towards parents of the illegitimate during the considered period is revealed.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

Transition of the Rusins of Austria-Hungary to the bosom of Orthodoxy in the end of 19th - beginning of 20th century: Lost perspective for Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Vadim Mikhailov ◽  
Konstantin Losev
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Church Policy

The article is devoted to the issue of Church policy in relation to the Rusyn population of Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century, the policy of the Austro-Hungarian administration towards the Rusyn Uniate population of the Empire underwent changes. Russia’s victories in the wars of 1849 and 1877-1878 aroused the desire of the educated part of the Rusyns to return to the bosom of the Orthodox Church. Nevertheless, even during the World War I, when the Russian army captured part of the territories inhabited by Rusyns, the military and officials of the Russian Empire were too cautious about the issue of converting Uniates to Orthodoxy, which had obvious negative consequences both for the Rusyns, who were forced to choose a Ukrainophile orientation to protect their national and cultural identity, and for the future of Russia as the leader of the Slavic and Orthodox world.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ПЕРЕВОСПИТАНИЯ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ В ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ ВОИНСКИХ ЧАСТЯХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Voronov ◽  
Timur Slivin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Variable Composition ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Moral Influence ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема перевоспитания военнослужащих в дисциплинарных частях в Российской империи как организованного и структурированного процесса. Изучено использование их потенциала для поддержания дисциплины и правопорядка среди личного состава. Определено, что к военнослужащим предусмотрено применение специальных видов уголовных наказаний, кроме того, допускается изъятие в применении отдельных наказаний к данной категории лиц. Авторами раскрывается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в частях с воинской организацией в отношении военнослужащих, совершивших преступления. Указывается на то, что перевоспитание осужденных военнослужащих было направлено на повышение уровня их военной и строевой подготовки, принуждение их к выполнению требований военной присяги и воинских уставов. В качестве негативного момента перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих указывается отсутствие специальной подготовки у штатных офицеров и нижних чинов дисциплинарных частей. В статье рассматривается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в арестантских частях, а также дисциплинарных частях. Раскрыто понятие арестантских рот, их руководящий и личный состав, а также порядок содержания осужденных. Показаны особенности комплектования дисциплинарных частей как постоянным составом, так и переменным (осужденными), а также прохождения ими службы. Авторами отмечается, что в перевоспитании осужденных военнослужащих превалировала принудительная функция в ущерб нравственному воздействию. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что дисциплинарные и штрафные части со строевой организацией в целом справляются с задачей перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих, а опыт функционирования дисциплинарных частей царской армии был использован при создании военно-карательного аппарата Советской армии.The article deals with the actual problem of re-education of military personnel in disciplinary units in the Russian Empire as an organized and structured process. The use of their potential for maintaining discipline and law enforcement among personnel was studied. It is determined that the use of special types of criminal penalties is provided for military personnel, in addition, exceptions are allowed in the application of certain penalties to this category of persons. The author reveals the order of realization of punishment in the form of imprisonment in re-lations with the military organization in relation to the military personnel who have committed crimes. It is pointed out that the re-education of convicted servicemen was aimed at increasing the level of their military and drill training, forcing them to fulfill the requirements of the military oath and military regulations. As a negative aspect of the re-education of convicted servicemen, the lack of special training of regular officers and lower ranks of disciplinary units is indicated. The article deals with the procedure for the implementation of punishment in the form of im-prisonment in prison units, as well as disciplinary units. The concept of convict companies, their leadership and personnel, as well as the order of detention of convicts is revealed. The peculiarities of completing disciplinary units with both permanent and variable composition (convicts), as well as their service are shown. The author notes that in the re-education of convicted servicemen, forced functioning prevailed to the detriment of moral influence. The author comes to the conclusion that disciplinary and penal units with drill organization in General cope with the task of re-education of convicted servicemen, and the experience of functioning of disciplinary units of the tsarist army was used in the creation of the military punitive apparatus of the Soviet army.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document