scholarly journals Children's Down Behavior Syndrome: Difficulty Concentrating and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Maria Sclanavo ◽  
Gyula Sebes
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Behavior Syndrome ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Delayed Myelination

This article discusses the behavior of children with Down syndrome who have difficulty concentrating and obsessive-compulsivity, characteristics of Down syndrome children, factors that cause Down syndrome children, problems with Down syndrome sufferers and cognitive and behavioral problems. The development of a child with Down Syndrome is certainly different from the development of a healthy child. Excessive expression of chromosomes leads to a decrease in the number of nerves in the central nervous system, delayed myelination, disruption of cell cycle regulation, and causes excessive protein production and abnormal neurotransmission. Problems for people with Down syndrome are hearing problems and impaired vision, congenital heart disease, and growth problems when they were babies. The tendency for psychological and mental disorders in children with Down syndrome can cause compulsive obsession. Obsession is a thought or image that cannot be prevented and continues to exist in a person's consciousness even if he views it as something unpleasant and wants to avoid. A compulsion is a stereotypical act that prompts a person to repeat the action.

Speculations on Antineuronal Antibody-Mediated Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Swedo ◽  
Henrietta L. Leonard ◽  
Louise S. Kiessling
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Several converging lines of evidence suggest that some behavioral and neurological abnormalities of childhood may be mediated through antineuronal antibodies.1-3 These antineuronal antibodies appear to arise in response to group A [beta]-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections and to cross-react with cells within the central nervous system (CNS).4 Based on clinical observations of children with Sydenham's chorea, Tourette's syndrome (TS), and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we hypothesize that neuroimmunological dysfunction secondary to anti-neuronal antibodies may result in behavioral disturbances, such as anxiety, emotional lability, obsessive compulsive symptoms, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances; and neurological abnormalities, such as motor and phonic tics, ballismus, chorea, and choreiform movements.

Neuropeptides and anxiety: focus on cholecystokinin

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Lydiard
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cck Receptors ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
New Compounds

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrin-like neuropeptide, exists in the central nervous system in several forms. The octapeptide (CCK-8) occurs in predominantly sulfated form (CCK-8S), and the tetrapeptide (CCK-4) occurs in smaller but significant quantities. This review highlights recent developments in preclinical and clinical research into the potential role for CCK in mediating anxiety states. Relevant animal and human studies of administration of CCK agonists are discussed, as well as recent data regarding the concentration of CCK-8S in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with panic disorder, bulimia nervosa, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Finally, the development of agents that specifically antagonize CCK receptors will be described, as will potential therapeutic uses for these new compounds.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome as a paradigmatic neuropsychiatric disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Related Quality

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a chronic and complex tic disorder accompanied by specific behavioral problems in the majority of patients. With its multifaceted interplay between motion and emotion, this condition is a paradigmatic example of the science and art of clinical neuropsychiatry. This review article encompasses the clinical phenomenology of motor and vocal tics and associated sensory experiences (premonitory urges), as well as the behavioral spectrum of the most common comorbidities, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, affective symptoms, and impulsivity. Knowledge of the contributions of both tics and behavioral problems to patients’ health-related quality of life across the lifespan should assist treating clinicians in formulating a targeted management plan. Although the exact pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome remains elusive, research into therapeutic interventions has expanded the range of available interventions across multiple domains. A thorough understanding of the neurology and psychiatry of this condition is of key importance to meet the needs of this patient population, from the formulation of an accurate diagnosis to the implementation of effective treatment strategies.

scholarly journals The Coexistence of Psychiatric Disorders and Intellectual Disability in Children Aged 3–18 Years in the Barwani District, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Lakhan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Background. The coexistence of psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID) is common. This study determined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with ID in Barwani, India. Method. A total of 262 children with ID were evaluated for psychiatric disorders using the diagnostic criteria outlined in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Results. Psychiatric disorders appeared in study participants at the following rates: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 6.5%; autism, 4.2%; anxiety, 2.7%; bipolar disorder, 1.1%; delusional disorder, 0.8%; depression, 2.3%; obsessive-compulsive disorder, 0.8%; schizophrenia, 1.9%; enuresis, 10.3%; epilepsy, 23.7%; and behavioral problems, 80.9%. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was statistically higher in severely intellectually disabled children () than mildly intellectually disabled children (). Conclusions. There is a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with ID when their compared with ID children whose .

scholarly journals The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry?

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Beatrice Buccianelli ◽  
Stefania Palermo ◽  
Elisabetta Parra ◽  
Alessandro Arone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the constant integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs, together with their connections with the environment. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is highly related to the CNS through the so-called “gut–brain axis”. The aim of this paper was to review and comment on the current literature on the role of the intestinal microbiota and the gut–brain axis in some common neuropsychiatric conditions. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed in mood disorders and autism spectrum disorders and, apparently to a lesser extent, even in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, as well as in schizophrenia. Therefore, gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a target for the development of innovative treatments that some authors have already labelled “psychobiotics”.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric Consequences of Lipophilic Beta-Blockers

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Sabina Alexandra Cojocariu ◽  
Alexandra Maștaleru ◽  
Radu Andy Sascău ◽  
Cristian Stătescu ◽  
Florin Mitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Side Effects

Beta-blockers are a class of drugs with important benefits in cardiovascular pathology. In this paper, we aim to highlight their adverse and therapeutic effects in the neuropsychiatric field. With respect to permeability, we would like to mention that most beta-blockers are lipophilic and can cross the blood–brain barrier. Observational studies show the presence of neuropsychiatric side effects when taking beta-blockers, and is the reason for which caution is recommended in their use in patients with depressive syndrome. From a therapeutic point of view, most current evidence is for the use of beta-blockers in migraine attacks, essential tremor, and akathisia. Beta-blockers appear to be effective in the treatment of aggressive behavior, beneficial in the prevention of posttraumatic stress syndrome and may play a role in the adjuvant treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder, which is refractory to standard therapy. In conclusion, the relationship between beta-blockers and the central nervous system appears as a two-sided coin. Summarizing the neuropsychiatric side effects of beta-blockers, we suggest that clinicians pay special attention to the pharmacological properties of different beta-blockers.

scholarly journals Rhodopsin stimulation in neural circuits by neuromodulation in optogenetics: current findings on the use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe dos Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus Furlan Chaves ◽  
Guilherme da Cunha Messias dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
American Association ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain

Introduction: Optogenetic neuromodulation describes a contemporary technique of brain modulation that has been increasingly studied, both in the field of genetic engineering and in neuroscience, for the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, parkinson and essential tremor. Through it, we seek to alter neurons, making them sensitive to light stimulation. For this, viral vectors are used to insert opsin genes into neural tissue. Objective: to describe the most recent scientific findings related to the use of DBS using Optogenetics techniques. Methodology: use of databases, SCIELO, PUBMED, LILACS and American Association of Neurological Surgeons using the following descriptors: Genetic Engineering. Deep Brain Stimulation. Optogenetics. Rhodopsins. Results: The use and Deep Brain Stimulantion (DBS) or Pronfunda Cerebral Stimulation (ECP) for therapeutic intervention in patients with movement disorders is performed through the insertion of a tungsten wire in specific areas of the central nervous system with the passage of electric current from microampers for milliseconds. However, over time, this causes plasticity, associated with gliosis and loss of DBS effectiveness. In addition, scientific evidence shows that cerebral neuromodulation by optogenetics in patients with dystonia, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is also already a reality with significant and approved results. Conclusions: Optognetics can replace classic DBS for the treatment of several neurological comorbidities with safety and space-time precision, with minimal side effects, when compared with that technique.

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