Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Pesantren Melalui Sistem Reward dan Punishment

This study aims to determine how the types of leadership, reward, and punishment become supporting factors for the increase in teacher performance. Teachers who are competent and diligent and put themselves become a teacher should be rewarded so that he continues to be motivated to maintain these achievements. Conversely, teachers who are lazy to work, teach carelessly, and do not realize the nature of themselves as a teacher should be subject to sanctions (punishment) so that they can provide lessons for him to improve themselves and improve their performance. This research uses a qualitative - phenomenological approach. The use of this method is to find primary and essential phenomena, reality, and the impact of giving rewards and punishment. Data collection techniques used in this study were participatory observation - active, semi-structured interviews with leaders of the pesantren, educators. The results of an increase in teacher performance in the form of increased loyalty to the leadership expanding the discipline of time during teaching, as well as routine meetings, some teachers also actively involved in various kinds of extracurricular activities even without honorariums. Already the most significant supporting factor for the successful implementation of the program is because of the values of life in the pesantren rooted for teachers. This value is the value of sincerity and obedience to the leaders as their superiors in the Pesantren.

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Evaluating interventions with victims of intimate partner violence: a community psychology approach

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01268-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cinzia Albanesi ◽

Carlo Tomasetto ◽

Veronica Guardabassi

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Social Services ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Process Model ◽

Professional Training ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of domestic violence, with profound implication for women's physical and psychological health. In this text we adopted the Empowerment Process Model (EPM) by Cattaneo and Goodman (Psychol Violence 5(1):84–94) to analyse interventions provided to victims of IPV by a Support Centre for Women (SCW) in Italy, and understand its contribution to women’s empowerment. Method We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten women who had been enrolled in a program for IPV survivors at a SCW in the past three years. The interviews focused on the programs’ aims, actions undertaken to reach them, and the impact on the women’s lives, and were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results Results showed that the interventions provided by the SWC were adapted according to women's needs. In the early phases, women’s primary aim was ending violence, and the intervention by the SCW was deemed as helpful to the extent it provided psychological support, protection and safe housing. Women’s aims subsequently moved to self-actualisation and economic and personal independence which required professional training, internships, and social support. Although satisfying the majority of the women’s expectations, other important needs (e.g., economic support or legal services) were poorly addressed, and cooperation with other services (e.g., police or social services) was sometimes deemed as critical. Conclusions By evaluating a program offered by a SCW to IPV survivors through the lens of the EPM model, we found that women deemed the program as effective when both individual resources and empowerment processes were promoted. Strengths, limitations and implications are discussed.

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Drinking Carling Out of Stella Glasses: People and Place in the Missing Middle

Frontiers in Sociology ◽

10.3389/fsoc.2020.534515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn McEwan

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Housing Estate ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Private Housing ◽

The Uk ◽

Qualitative Phenomenological ◽

Missing Middle

As trends of social and economic change allow precarity to inch into the lives of those who may have been more accustomed to security (Standing, 2011, 2014), this paper addresses the response of some young people who are caught “betwixt and between” in potentially liminal states (Turner, 1967). Those whose families have undertaken intra- or intergenerational social mobility and who have made a home in a place, Ingleby Barwick in Teesside, that seems to be of them and for them—an in-between place that is seen as “not quite” middle or working class. This paper draws data from a research project that adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach to uncover the meaning of experiences for participants. Methods included focus groups and semi-structured interviews through which 70 local people contributed their thoughts, hopes, concerns, and stories about their lives now and what they aspire to for the future. Places, such as the large private housing estate in the Northeast of England on which this research was carried out, make up significant sections of the UK population, yet tend to be understudied populations, often missed by a sociological gaze attracted to extremes. It was anticipated that in Ingleby Barwick, where social mobility allows access to this relatively exclusive estate, notions of individualism and deservingness that underlie meritocratic ideology (Mendick et al., 2015; Littler, 2018) would be significant, a supposition borne out in the findings. “Making it” to Ingleby was, and continues to be, indicative to many of meritocratic success, making it “a moral place for moral people” (McEwan, 2019). Consequently, the threat then posed by economic precarity, of restricting access to the transitions and lifestyles that create the “distinction” (Bourdieu, 1984) required to denote fit to this place, is noted to be very real in a place ironically marked by many outside it as fundamentally unreal.

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Experience of Burnout Syndrome In Resident Physicians

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1789 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S488-S488

Author(s):

P. Cigarroa-Vázquez ◽

I. Vargas-Huicochea

Keyword(s):

Basic Needs ◽

Well Being ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Medical Residents ◽

Human Beings ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Competing Interest ◽

The Impact

Medical residents, as a population that is in formation and that represents the workforce in public hospitals, are in a particularly vulnerable situation for the development of burnout syndrome (BOS), defined as a psychosocial disease in response to chronic stress in the work environment. This study analyzed the impact of BOS on a personal level, residents’ ways of coping, and the perceived needs to prevent it.ObjectivesTo analyze the experience of BOS in medical residents of Mexico City.MethodsQualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants were medical residents in training who agreed to participate. Data analysis was based meaning categorization and condensation, as well as some elements of discourse analysis.ResultsWe had interviews with residents of gynaecology, otorhinolaryngology, family medicine and psychiatry. We have found that there are some specific aspects that contribute to the development BOS:– the hidden curriculum that has become evident through unnecessary punishments;– various roles to be met simultaneously by residents;– the basic needs like sleeping and eating right are not being met due to excessive workload.– impact in general health.ConclusionsIt is necessary to make visible the complexity of the BOS and its impact on trainees to prevent deterioration in the quality of life and overall health status. It would be to achieve the satisfaction of basic needs as essential conditions for physical and mental well-being of all human beings, and more so for those whose task is to contribute to the health of others.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Suicide by jumping at beachy head in East Sussex – The impact of a suicide prevention patrol scheme

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1796 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s886-s887 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Durgahee ◽

M. Isaac ◽

J. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Social Impact ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Major Public Health Issue ◽

Competing Interest ◽

The Uk ◽

Qualitative Phenomenological ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health issue. It is the leading cause of death among younger adults in the UK. Suicide by jumping is an uncommon method. About 23 people die each year by jumping from the cliffs at beachy head, Sussex. The beachy head chaplaincy established a suicide-prevention patrol at beachy head in August 2004. To date there have been no studies evaluating the impact of a suicide patrol as a prevention strategy. This study aimed to assess the impact of this suicide-prevention patrol.MethodsData from local and national official statistics was gathered to examine the overall suicide numbers and rates of suicide by jumping vs. other methods. This included an in-depth scrutiny of coroners’ data and reports from the beachy head chaplaincy.A qualitative, phenomenological approach using in-depth interviews was used to evaluate the “lived experiences” of members of the suicide-prevention patrol.ResultsThe statistics reveal unexpected and at times, conflicting, results which will be offered for discussion.The thematic analysis of the interviews reveals insights into the motivations for volunteering; how a faith-based patrol works; the physical and psycho-social impact of the work; volunteers’ stories; the centrality of God within their work and motivation.For copyright reasons full details of the analyses cannot be made available before the conference.DiscussionWe welcome an interactive discussion of the results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Motherhood and Home Quarantine: Exploring the Experiences of Iranian Mothers in Caring for their Children During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care ◽

10.32598/jccnc.6.2.33.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 87-96

Author(s):

Anahita Khodabakhshi-koolaee ◽

◽

Mahsa Aghaei Malekabadi ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Phenomenological Study ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Learning Opportunities ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Mother Child Relationships ◽

Role Concerns ◽

The Impact ◽

Beliefs And Attitudes

Background: Following the spread of new coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) in Iran, people began a new lifestyle in quarantine to survive the disease. Mother-child relationships were affected by this new lifestyle. This phenomenological study was conducted to explore the experiences of Iranian mothers in caring for their children during COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The participants were selected using purposive sampling among mothers living in Tehran in 2020. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The participants were mothers with 7- to 9-year-old children with the experience of living in quarantine. The collected data were theoretically saturated after 17 interviews. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the resulting data were analyzed using van Manen’s phenomenological approach. Results: Four main themes were extracted from the collected data: the mother’s health and physical concerns, confusion in playing the motherhood role, concerns about educational quality and wasting learning opportunities, and concerns about the impact of financial disputes on children. Conclusion: The experiences of the mothers as the main caregivers in home quarantine were very unique. Understanding the complexities of their experiences, beliefs, and attitudes about motherhood and caring for children in quarantine can provide useful insights for decision-makers, healthcare professionals, and mental health professionals.

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Evaluation of a Flipped Classroom Model: A Case Study from Oman

FIIB Business Review ◽

10.1177/2319714520909006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

Bilal Ahmad Pandow ◽

Nihan Kutahnecioglu Inan ◽

Ananda S.

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Student Performance ◽

Extracurricular Activities ◽

Flipped Classroom ◽

Education Institution ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Flipped Learning ◽

The Impact

The flipped learning approach over the years has gained importance, especially in higher educational establishments that primarily focus on more personalized learning for the students. In this context, the current study evaluates a flipped learning approach which was implemented by a higher education institution from the Middle East region as a pilot project and analyses the impact of the flipped approach on the student performance from the educators’ perspective. The study focuses on different aspects like the impact of the flipped approach on student performance in a different type of assessments, the impact of the flipped approach on academic performance, learning and development, and academic support activities. Also, this article analyses whether flipped learning reduces the plagiarism cases, impact on student attendance, student participation in extracurricular activities, impact on student’s knowledge, influence on student collaboration, effect on improvement in the ability to solve problems and impact of this approach on helping students to take the responsibility of their learning and become self-learners. This study empirically identified the learning outcomes from a flipped class and provides recommendations for the educators and higher education institutions for successful implementation of the flipped learning approach.

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Chronic non-cancer pain management by nurses in specialist pain clinics

British Journal of Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjon.2020.29.16.954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (16) ◽

pp. 954-959

Author(s):

Rafael-Jesús Fernández-Castillo ◽

Eugenia Gil-García ◽

María-Soledad Vázquez-Santiago ◽

Sergio Barrientos-Trigo

Keyword(s):

Cancer Pain ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Multidisciplinary Teams ◽

Care Providers ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Continuous Training ◽

Care Specialist ◽

Pain Clinics ◽

Complex Population ◽

Qualitative Phenomenological

Background: Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is one of the major causes of disability globally, and patients who suffer from it are a complex population, which makes it difficult to provide effective care. Specialist pain clinics and nursing professionals in them are the main care providers, but there is little research conducted in this field. Aim: To explore the attitudes and knowledge of nurses working in specialist pain clinics regarding care of CNCP patients. Methods: Qualitative phenomenological approach. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2017 with nurses who worked in specialist pain clinics in six hospitals in southern Spain. Results: Data analysis led to the formation of two categories, ‘being trained and improving knowledge in CNCP’ and ‘the challenge of caring for patients with CNCP’, and five subcategories. Conclusion: The need for care in CNCP is not covered by nurses in all the areas it requires. Lack of time, staffing issues, and specific training in this area makes it difficult to provide care. However, some areas for improvement are proposed, such as psychological interventions, group workshops, continuous training, and multidisciplinary teams.

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Marketing Scottish social enterprises using a label?

Social Enterprise Journal ◽

10.1108/sej-08-2018-0056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 339-357

Author(s):

Indiana Bonar ◽

Paula Sonja Karlsson

Keyword(s):

Social Enterprise ◽

Social Enterprises ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Consumer Awareness ◽

Content Type ◽

Marketing Activities ◽

Marketing Tool ◽

The Impact

Purpose Social enterprises are competitive businesses in the marketplace, yet insubstantial research has investigated how they market their businesses. This paper aims to investigate the impact a social enterprise label – “Buy the Good Stuff” – used in Edinburgh has had on consumer awareness and explore whether a possible national label could be used as a marketing tool by social enterprises in Scotland. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-methods approach, consisting of an online questionnaire with 100 participants and seven semi-structured interviews with representatives of social enterprises involved in the marketing campaign in Edinburgh and representatives of social enterprises who were not involved in the campaign. Findings Findings indicate that the label used in Edinburgh has had little impact on increasing consumer awareness of social enterprises. However, a national label has the potential to help social enterprises increase consumer awareness. Yet, successful implementation requires thorough design of the label and broad support for its promotion. Practical implications The paper offers insights into the implementation of a national label. Managers of social enterprises and social enterprise networks should consider the findings when adopting marketing activities. Originality/value Findings contribute to the sparse literature regarding marketing activities of social enterprises. The paper provides evidence that the broader social enterprise sector and its representatives in Scotland should re-evaluate their position on the introduction of a national label, given that one priority identified for the sector is to create and promote a social enterprise brand which the SE code is not focussed on.

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Cancer patients' perceptions of using a “breast gown”: a qualitative study

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396906000136 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 97-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. McLean ◽

D. Hodgson

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Patient Choice ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Unexpected Result ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Qualitative Phenomenological ◽

Privacy Issues

Recently, radiotherapy breast gowns have been introduced into some Radiotherapy Departments across the country. The idea of using the breast gowns came from issues highlighted regarding privacy and dignity from patient satisfaction surveys. The introduction of the breast gowns was not evidence based, however they have become popular as they were considered a good aid for patients' comfort. This study aimed to investigate patients' perceptions of the breast gowns using a qualitative, phenomenological approach. The methodology was designed to explore patient's feelings about their experiences throughout their cancer journey. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analysed, via content analysis. The key themes that emerged from the study were related to: patients' emotions; dignity and privacy issues; exposure; patient choice and an unexpected result were their views relating to the notion of “possession”. The results of this study cannot be generalised due to the methodology chosen, however the findings can aid the development of a multi-centred study to investigate this topic further. In addition, this study has highlighted an important recommendation for radiotherapy practice: the development of a “modesty gown” for most treatment sites.

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities: a qualitative study on the perspectives of BAME community leaders

10.1101/2021.03.03.21252286 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fesani Mahmood ◽

Dev Acharya ◽

Kanta Kumar ◽

Vibhu Paudyal

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hate Crime ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Community Leaders ◽

List Type ◽

Religious Leaders ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

Community Organisations ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of BAME community leaders in relation to - the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their communities; and BAME community’s perception, understanding and adherence to Government guidelines on COVID-19 public health measures. Design A phenomenological approach was adopted using qualitative semi-structured interviews. Settings Community organisations and places of worships in the West Midlands region of England. Participants Community leaders were recruited through organisations representing BAME communities and religious places of worship. Results A total of 19 participants took part. Participants alluded to historical and structural differences for the observed disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Many struggled with lockdown measures which impeded cultural and religious gatherings that were deemed to be integral to the community. Cultural and social practices led to many suffering on their own as discussion of mental health was still deemed a taboo within many communities. Many expressed their community’s reluctance to report symptoms for the fear of financial and physical health implications. They reported increase in hate crime which was deemed to be exacerbated due to perceived insensitive messaging from authority officials and historical structural biases. Access and adherence to government guidelines was an issue for many due to language and digital barriers. Reinforcement from trusted community and religious leaders encouraged adherence. Points of support such as food banks were vital in ensuring essential supplies during the pandemic. Many could not afford masks and sanitisers. Conclusion The study highlights the perceived impact of COVID-19 pandemic on BAME communities. Government agencies and public health agencies need to integrate with the community, and community leaders to penetrate the key messages and deliver targeted yet sensitive public health advice which incorporates cultural and religious practices. Addressing route cause of disparities is imperative to mitigate current and future pandemics. Strengths and limitations of this study To our knowledge, this is the first study in England to investigate the understanding of risk and impact of COVID-19 using the perspectives of BAME community leaders. Participants represented diverse BAME community organisations and places of worship. Participant recruitment was limited to one of the seven regions within England with the highest proportion of BAME populations. Results may not be generalizable to any BAME communities not represented in the data.

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